Deck 13: Analysis of Variance: One-Way Within-Subjects Repeated Measures Design

Question 1

Using a within-subjects ANOVA design,

A)
Participants are each observed one time
B)n participants are observed k times
C)different participants are observed in each group
D)all of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A researcher observed the mating behavior of 10 porpoises in five different social conditions.What are the degrees of freedom between-groups for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?

A)4
B)9
C)27
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

How many sources of error are present in a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Computing a one-way within-subjects ANOVA is appropriate when

A)different participants are assigned to each group
B)the same participants are observed across groups
C)the levels of one or more independent variables are manipulated
D)all of the above

Question 5

Which source of variation is computed using a one-way within-subjects ANOVA,but not a one-way between-subjects ANOVA?

A)between-groups variation
B)within-groups variation
C)between-persons variation
D)error variation

Question 6

A researcher records depression scores for 12 patients in each of four seasons.If depression scores for the same participants are recorded in each season,then what type of statistical design is most appropriate for this study?

A)a related samples t-test
B)a one-way between-subjects ANOVA
C)a one-way within-subjects ANOVA
D)both A and C

Question 7

A researcher observes the same participants in each of five different settings.Which source of variation is the variability attributed to observing the same participants in all five settings?

A)between-groups variability
B)within-groups variability
C)between-persons variability
D)error variability

Question 8

A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA in which k = 4 and n = 20.What are the degrees of freedom error for this test?

A)57
B)79
C)80
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 9

A researcher measures the time it takes eight participants to complete three successive tasks.What are the degrees of freedom between-persons for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?

A)2
B)7
C)14
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 10

A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA using a sample of 8 participants.If the degrees of freedom error is 14,then how many groups were included in this study?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 11

The source of variation that is associated with differences between groups in a study is called

A)between-groups variability
B)within-groups variability
C)between-persons variability
D)error variability

Question 12

A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA in which k = 3 and n = 10.What is the critical value for this test at a .05 level of significance?

A)3.16
B)5.48
C)4.41
D)3.55

Question 13

A researcher conducts two studies.In Study 1,she recorded the amount consumed (in calories)among 8 participants observed at three meal times (breakfast,lunch,and dinner).In Study 2,she conducted the same study,except that n = 12 participants observed at each of three meal times.Which study is associated with a larger value for degrees of freedom between-groups for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?

A)Study 1
B)Study 2
C)The degrees of freedom between-groups are the same in each study.
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 14

A researcher recorded the shooting percentage of 28 professional basketball players in each of four quarters in a game.What are the degrees of freedom error for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?

A)3
B)27
C)81
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 15

The term "within-subjects" refers to

A)observing the same participants in each group
B)observing different participants in each group
C)the type of post hoc test conducted
D)the type of effect size estimate measured

Question 16

Which of the following is a source of variation that is measured using the one-way within-subjects ANOVA?

A)between-groups variation
B)within-groups variation
C)between-persons variation
D)all of the above

Question 17

Which of the following is an assumption for computing a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?

A)The population being sampled from is positively skewed.
B)Different participants were observed in each group.
C)Independent observations were made within groups,but not between groups.
D)all of the above

Question 18

A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA for a study in which participants are observed across five groups.If the degrees of freedom error is 56,then how many participants were observed in this study?

A)4
B)14
C)15
D)55

Question 19

A researcher measures anxiety levels among participants in the presence and absence of a fearful stimulus.If the same participants are observed in each group,then what type of statistical design is appropriate for this study?

A)a related samples t-test
B)a one-way between-subjects ANOVA
C)a one-way within-subjects ANOVA
D)both A and C

Question 20

"Within-subjects" is also called

A)Between-subjects
B)Within-groups
C)Repeated measures
D)Random sampling

Question 21

A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA,thus:

A)The same participants were observed in each group.
B)At least two groups were observed in the study.
C)A repeated measures design was likely used.
D)All of the above.

Question 22

Which of the following post hoc tests can be used with the related samples t-test?

A)Tukey's HSD test
B)Fisher's LSD test
C)Bonferroni test
D)Schaffé test

Question 23

A researcher computes the following one-way within-subjects ANOVA table for a study in which k = 3 and n = 12.State the decision at a .05 level of significance.

A)Reject the null hypothesis.
B)Retain the null hypothesis.
C)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 24

The Bonferroni procedure is well adapted for which of the following research designs in which the same participants are observed in each group?

A)a between-subjects design
B)a within-subjects design
C)an independent samples design
D)none of the above

Question 25

A researcher computes the following one-way within-subjects ANOVA table.State the decision at a .05 level of significance.

A)Reject the null hypothesis.
B)Retain the null hypothesis.
C)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 26

A sex therapist has adult female clients rate their level of interest in each of six relationship situations.To analyze differences in the ratings,what type of statistical design is appropriate for this study?

A)a related samples t-test
B)a one-way within-subjects ANOVA
C)a one-way between-subjects ANOVA
D)none of the above

Question 27

If the experimentwise alpha for three tests is .05,then what is the value for testwise alpha?

A).05
B).02
C).15
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 28

A researcher conducts two studies on the effectiveness of a peer mentoring program.Self-evaluation ratings among participants before,during,and after the program were measured in both studies.In Study 1,12 participants were observed,and in Study 2,16 participants were observed.If
= 3.42 in both studies,then in which study will the decision be to reject the null hypothesis at a .05 level of significance?

A)Study 1
B)Study 2
C)both
D)none

Question 29

Which post hoc test allows for the related samples t-test to be used to conduct the pairwise comparisons?

A)Tukey's HSD test
B)Fisher's LSD test
C)Schaffé test
D)Bonferroni test

Question 30

For the one-way within-subjects ANOVA,the partial estimates of effect size remove,or "partial out," which source of variation?

A)between-groups
B)within-groups
C)between-persons
D)error variance

Question 31

A researcher conducts two studies using the one-way within-subjects ANOVA.The sum of squares total is smaller in Study 1 than in Study 2;the sum of squares between-persons and the sum of squares between-groups are the same in both studies.Using partial eta-squared,in which study will the effect size be larger?

A)Study 1
B)Study 2
C)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 32

Which of the following is an assumption for the one-way within-subjects ANOVA,but not for the one-way between-subjects ANOVA?

A)normality
B)homogeneity of variance
C)homogeneity of covariance
D)None of the above;each is assumed for both tests.

Question 33

A researcher measures the amount of high fat foods (in grams)consumed by 8 rat subjects 1 day,3 days,and 5 days following the introduction of a high fat diet.If
= 30 and
= 70 for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA,then what is the decision at a .05 level of significance?

A)Reject the null hypothesis.
B)Retain the null hypothesis.
C)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 34

To compute partial eta-squared,it is necessary to

A)partial out between-persons variability before computing proportion of variance
B)partial out within-persons variability before computing proportion of variance
C)partial out between-groups variability before computing proportion of variance
D)partial out within-groups variability before computing proportion of variance

Question 35

A Bonferroni test controls for:

A)experimentwise alpha
B)lengthwise alpha
C)testwise alpha
D)not-so-wise alpha

Question 36

Partial eta-squared is a more ________ estimate of effect size than omega-squared.

A)liberal
B)attractive
C)valuable
D)conservative

Question 37

The alpha level for each hypothesis test made on the same set of data is called

A)testwise alpha
B)experimentwise alpha
C)pairwise comparison
D)the Bonferroni procedure

Question 38

A researcher computes the following one-way within-subjects ANOVA table.State the decision at a .05 level of significance.

A)Reject the null hypothesis.
B)Retain the null hypothesis.
C)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 39

A researcher has 18 participants rate the morality of a person described in a vignette as being registered as a Democrat,Republican,or Independent.If
= 3.41 for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA,then what was the decision at a .05 level of significance?

A)Reject the null hypothesis.
B)Retain the null hypothesis.
C)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 40

A researcher records the time (in seconds)it takes 20 students to complete a 100-yard dash after receiving poor,neutral,or positive feedback regarding their athletic ability.The same participants were observed in each group.If
= 152 and
= 12,then what is the decision for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA at a .05 level of significance?

A)Reject the null hypothesis.
B)Retain the null hypothesis.
C)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 41

The sum of squares within-groups and sum of squares between-persons are both sources of error.

Question 42

Based on the data given below,which study is associated with the most consistent participant responding between groups?

A)Study 1
B)Study 2
C)Participant responding is equally consistent.

Question 43

Partial estimates of effect size make the denominator ________ because the between-persons variability is removed.

A)larger
B)smaller
C)reciprocal
D)equal to 0

Question 44

A one-way within-subjects ANOVA is typically associated with ______ power than the one-way between-subjects ANOVA.

A)smaller
B)larger
C)more significant
D)depleted

Question 45

To compute a one-way within-subjects ANOVA,we must assume that participants are independently sampled between-groups.

Question 46

The following results is reported for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA: F(2,27)= 3.20,p < .05 (
= 0.14).Which value in the summary suggests that the design was within-subjects?

A)the test statistic value
B)the degrees of freedom
C)the p value
D)the partial estimate for eta-squared

Question 47

Which of the following designs are associated with greater power to detect an effect,particularly when there is consistent participant responding between groups?

A)within-subjects design
B)between-subjects design

Question 48

To compute a one-way within-subjects ANOVA,we must assume both homogeneity of variance and homogeneity of covariance.

Question 49

The between-persons variation is measured for the one-way within-subjects ANOVA,but not for a one-way between-subjects ANOVA.

Question 50

If
= 4 and
= 12,then 4 groups must have been included in the study.

Question 51

The following results is reported for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA: F(2,27)= 3.55,p < .05 (
= -0.14).Which value in the summary cannot be correct?

A)the test statistic
B)the p value
C)the effect size
D)the degrees of freedom

Question 52

If 12 participants are observe din each of 4 groups,then the degrees of freedom between-persons is equal to 11.

Question 53

A researcher conducts a one-way within-subjects ANOVA in which k = 3 and n = 10.She computes
= 120,
= 198,and
= 518.What is the effect size for this test using omega-squared?

A)0.637
B)0.377
C)0.298
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 54

If
= 8,then 9 participants must have been observed in the study.

Question 55

For the one-way within-subjects ANOVA,the more ________ participant responding between groups,the less powerful the test will be at detecting an effect.

A)consistent
B)inconsistent
C)efficient
D)inefficient

Question 56

Between-groups and between-persons variation are sources of error in the one-way within-subjects ANOVA.

Question 57

For a within-subjects design,the degrees of freedom between groups is always equal to the degrees of freedom between-persons.

Question 58

A researcher conducts a within-subjects design and notes that scores increased at each level of the factor for all participants.Based on this description,does this test have high power to detect the effect?

A)No,because participant responding was inconsistent.
B)No,because participant responding was consistent.
C)Yes,because participant responding was inconsistent.
D)Yes,because participant responding was consistent.

Question 59

Because a one-way within-subjects ANOVA has two sources of error,it is associated with more error variability than a one-way between-subjects ANOVA.

Question 60

To summarize a one-way within-subjects ANOVA,we report each of the following except,

A)the test statistic value
B)the degree of freedom
C)the critical values
D)the p value

Question 61

The Bonferroni test controls for testwise alpha.

Question 62

A one-way within-subjects ANOVA would be an appropriate statistical test when n participants are observed k times.

Question 63

The Bonferroni test is not an appropriate post hoc test following a significant one-way within-subjects ANOVA.

Question 64

We make two hypothesis tests using the one-way within-subjects ANOVA: one for the between-groups effect,and one for the within-groups effect.

Question 65

The between-persons variation is measured in the one-way within-subjects ANOVA.

Question 66

The test statistic for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA is mean square between groups divided by mean square error.

Question 67

When participant responding is not consistent,the one-way within-subjects ANOVA can actually have less power to detect an effect than the one-way between-subjects ANOVA.

Question 68

Mean square error is the denominator for all one-way ANOVA tests.

Question 69

Consistency refers to the extent to which the dependent measure changes in an identifiable or predictable pattern across groups.

Question 70

Eta-squared is a more conservative measure of proportion of variance than partial eta-squared.

Question 71

Partial eta-squared is a more conservative measure of proportion of variance than eta-squared.

Question 72

To summarize the one-way within-subjects ANOVA,we report the test statistic,the degrees of freedom,and the critical values.

Question 73

As mean square error decreases,power decreases.

Question 74

With a small number of comparisons,the Bonferroni test is an appropriate post hoc test following a significant one-way within-subjects ANOVA.

Question 75

Partial estimates of proportion of variance are used for a one-way between-subjects ANOVA.

Question 76

The Bonferroni test controls for experimentwise alpha.

Question 77

To report the results of a post hoc test,identify which post hoc test was computed and the p value for significant results.

Question 78

If participant responding is consistent between groups,then the one-way within-subjects ANOVA will have higher power to detect an effect compared with the one-way between-subjects ANOVA.

Question 79

The formula for partial eta-squared and partial omega-squared removes the sum of squares within-groups from the total sum of squares.

Question 80

The mean square for each source of variation is a measure of the mean distance that scores deviate from their mean.