Deck 18: The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Question 1

Figure 18.2
Using Figure 18.2, match the following:

A) A
B) D
C) E
Point after which pressure begins to rise in the aorta.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Figure 18.3
Using Figure 18.3, match the following:

A) B
B) C
C) D
D) A
Normal sinus rhythm.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Figure 18.1
Using Figure 18.1, match the following:

A) E
B) D
C) B
D) A
E) C
Sinoatrial (SA)node.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Figure 18.1
Using Figure 18.1, match the following:

A) E
B) D
C) B
D) A
E) C
Subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers).

Question 5

Figure 18.1
Using Figure 18.1, match the following:

A) E
B) D
C) B
D) A
E) C
Atrioventricular (AV)node.

Question 6

Figure 18.3
Using Figure 18.3, match the following:

A) B
B) C
C) D
D) A
Junctional rhythm.

Question 7

Figure 18.3
Using Figure 18.3, match the following:

A) B
B) C
C) D
D) A
Second-degree heart block.

Question 8

Match the following:

A) Endocardium
B) Parietal layer
C) Myocardium
D) Epicardium
Heart muscle.

Question 9

Match the following:

A) Endocardium
B) Parietal layer
C) Myocardium
D) Epicardium
Serous layer covering the heart muscle.

Question 10

Figure 18.2
Using Figure 18.2, match the following:

A) A
B) D
C) E
Point that represents the "dup" sound made by the heart.

Question 11

Figure 18.3
Using Figure 18.3, match the following:

A) B
B) C
C) D
D) A
Ventricular fibrillation.

Question 12

Figure 18.1
Using Figure 18.1, match the following:

A) E
B) D
C) B
D) A
E) C
Bundle branches.

Question 13

Figure 18.2
Using Figure 18.2, match the following:

A) A
B) D
C) E
Ventricular repolarization.

Question 14

Match the following:

A) Endocardium
B) Parietal layer
C) Myocardium
D) Epicardium
The outermost layer of the serous pericardium.

Question 15

Match the following:

A) Endocardium
B) Parietal layer
C) Myocardium
D) Epicardium
The inner lining of the heart.

Question 16

Figure 18.2
Using Figure 18.2, match the following:

A) A
B) D
C) E
Atrial depolarization.

Question 17

Match the following:

A) Bradycardia
B) Cardiac reserve
C) Tachycardia
D) Vagal tone
Heart rate at rest under both autonomic divisions signaling.

Question 18

Figure 18.1
Using Figure 18.1, match the following:

A) E
B) D
C) B
D) A
E) C
Atrioventricular (AV)bundle.

Question 19

Match the following:

A) Bradycardia
B) Cardiac reserve
C) Tachycardia
D) Vagal tone
An abnormally fast heart rate.

Question 20

Match the following:

A) Bradycardia
B) Cardiac reserve
C) Tachycardia
D) Vagal tone
An abnormally slow heart rate.

Question 21

Anastomoses among coronary arterial branches provide collateral routes for blood delivery to the heart muscle.

Question 22

Figure 18.4
Using Figure 18.4, match the following:

A) A
B) C
C) D
D) B
E) E
Right atrium.

Question 23

Figure 18.4
Using Figure 18.4, match the following:

A) A
B) C
C) D
D) B
E) E
Tricuspid valve.

Question 24

Match the following:

A) Bradycardia
B) Cardiac reserve
C) Tachycardia
D) Vagal tone
Difference between resting and maximal cardiac output.

Question 25

Match the following:

A) Aortic semilunar valve
B) Mitral (bicuspid) valve
C) Tricuspid valve
D) Pulmonary semilunar valve
Prevents backflow into the left ventricle.

Question 26

Figure 18.4
Using Figure 18.4, match the following:

A) A
B) C
C) D
D) B
E) E
Left ventricle.

Question 27

Match the following:

A) Ectopic focus
B) Quiescent period
C) Fibrillation
D) Ischemia
E) Infarction
Total heart relaxation.

Question 28

Match the following:

A) Aortic semilunar valve
B) Mitral (bicuspid) valve
C) Tricuspid valve
D) Pulmonary semilunar valve
Atrioventricular (AV)valve with two flaps.

Question 29

Match the following:

A) Ectopic focus
B) Quiescent period
C) Fibrillation
D) Ischemia
E) Infarction
A condition of rapid and irregular or out-of-phase contraction of heart muscle cells.

Question 30

Figure 18.4
Using Figure 18.4, match the following:

A) A
B) C
C) D
D) B
E) E
Pulmonary veins.

Question 31

Match the following:

A) Ectopic focus
B) Quiescent period
C) Fibrillation
D) Ischemia
E) Infarction
An abnormal pacemaker.

Question 32

Match the following:

A) Aortic semilunar valve
B) Mitral (bicuspid) valve
C) Tricuspid valve
D) Pulmonary semilunar valve
Prevents backflow into the right atrium.

Question 33

Match the following:

A) Ectopic focus
B) Quiescent period
C) Fibrillation
D) Ischemia
E) Infarction
Death of heart muscle cells.

Question 34

Match the following:

A) Aortic semilunar valve
B) Mitral (bicuspid) valve
C) Tricuspid valve
D) Pulmonary semilunar valve
Prevents backflow into the right ventricle.

Question 35

The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries.

Question 36

Match the following:

A) Aortic semilunar valve
B) Mitral (bicuspid) valve
C) Tricuspid valve
D) Pulmonary semilunar valve
Atrioventricular (AV)valve with three flaps.

Question 37

Match the following:

A) Ectopic focus
B) Quiescent period
C) Fibrillation
D) Ischemia
E) Infarction
Heart muscle is deprived of oxygen.

Question 38

Figure 18.4
Using Figure 18.4, match the following:

A) A
B) C
C) D
D) B
E) E
Mitral (bicuspid)valve.

Question 39

Match the following:

A) Aortic semilunar valve
B) Mitral (bicuspid) valve
C) Tricuspid valve
D) Pulmonary semilunar valve
Prevents backflow into the left atrium.

Question 40

Cardiac muscle has more mitochondria and depends less on a continual supply of oxygen than does skeletal muscle.

Question 41

Tissues damaged by myocardial infarction are replaced by connective tissue.

Question 42

Auricles slightly increase blood volume in the ventricles.

Question 43

Autonomic regulation of heart rate is via two reflex centers found in the pons.

Question 44

An electrocardiogram (ECG)provides direct information about valve function.

Question 45

Arterial blood supply to heart muscle is continuous whether the heart is in systole or diastole.

Question 46

The left side of the heart pumps the same volume of blood as the right.

Question 47

Congestive heart failure means that the pumping efficiency of the heart is depressed so that there is inadequate delivery of blood to body tissues.

Question 48

If the aorta and pulmonary trunk were switched,oxygen rich blood would be pumped from the left ventricle to the lungs.

Question 49

The papillary muscles contract after the other ventricular muscles so that they can take up the slack on the chordae tendineae before the full force of ventricular contractions sends blood against the atrioventricular (AV)valve flaps.

Question 50

As pressure in the aorta rises due to atherosclerosis,more ventricular pressure is required to open the aortic valve.

Question 51

When released in large quantities,thyroxine,a thyroid gland hormone,causes a sustained increase in heart rate.

Question 52

The "lub" sounds of the heart are valuable in diagnosis because they provide information about the function of the heart's pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves.

Question 53

The condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its ability to contract is called ________.

A) cardiac tamponade
B) myocardial infarction
C) pericarditis
D) angina pectoris

Question 54

The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________.

A) ventricular repolarization
B) atrial depolarization
C) atrial repolarization
D) ventricular depolarization

Question 55

Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ________.

A) no change in blood pressure but a slower heart rate
B) a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
C) no change in blood pressure but a change in respiration
D) a rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output

Question 56

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________.

A) left atrium
B) right atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle

Question 57

Heart tissue is supplied with nutrients primarily by diffusion from the heart chambers through the myocardium.

Question 58

Damage to the ________ causes heart block.

A) sinoatrial (SA) node
B) atrioventricular (AV) node
C) atrioventricular (AV) bundle
D) atrioventricular (AV) valves

Question 59

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?

A) friction of blood against the chamber walls
B) closure of the heart valves
C) opening of the heart valves
D) excitation of the sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 60

Which of the events below does NOT occur when the semilunar valves are open?

A) Ventricles are in diastole.
B) Blood enters pulmonary arteries and the aorta.
C) Ventricles are in systole.
D) AV valves are closed.

Question 61

When viewing a dissected heart,it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ________.

A) tracing out where the auricles connect
B) locating the base
C) noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls
D) finding the papillary muscles

Question 62

If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut,the result would be that ________.

A) the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute
B) parasympathetic stimulation would increase, causing a decrease in heart rate
C) the atrioventricular (AV) node would become the pacemaker of the heart
D) the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract

Question 63

If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells,________.

A) contractions would last as long as the refractory period
B) tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's pumping action
C) pacemaker cells would cease to spontaneously depolarize
D) it would be much longer before cardiac cells could respond to a second stimulation

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT an age-related change affecting the heart?

A) decline in cardiac reserve
B) thinning of the valve flaps
C) atherosclerosis
D) fibrosis of cardiac muscle

Question 65

If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply,damage would primarily result from ________.

A) decreased delivery of oxygen
B) an inadequate supply of lactic acid
C) a lack of nutrients to feed into metabolic pathways
D) a decrease in the number of available mitochondria for energy production

Question 66

Norepinephrine acts on the heart by ________.

A) causing threshold to be reached more quickly
B) blocking the action of calcium
C) causing a decrease in stroke volume
D) decreasing heart contractility

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

A) sinoatrial (SA) node
B) atrioventricular (AV) node
C) bundle branches
D) atrioventricular (AV) valve

Question 68

Compared to skeletal muscle,cardiac muscle ________.

A) has more nuclei per cell
B) lacks striations
C) cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells
D) has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium

Question 69

The fact that the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the right ventricle reveals that it ________.

A) pumps blood against a greater resistance
B) expands the thoracic cage
C) sends blood through a smaller valve
D) pumps a greater volume of blood

Question 70

The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the ________.

A) coronary arteries
B) coronary veins
C) coronary sinus
D) fossa ovalis

Question 71

The atrioventricular (AV)valves are closed ________.

A) when the ventricles are in diastole
B) while the atria are contracting
C) when the ventricles are in systole
D) by the movement of blood from atria to ventricles

Question 72

Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.

A) Connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of the action potential.
B) The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.
C) The fibrous cardiac skeleton forms the bulk of the heart.
D) The heart chambers are lined by the endomysium.

Question 73

Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells.

A) The refractory period in skeletal muscle is much longer than that in cardiac muscle.
B) Cardiac muscle cells are innervated by sympathetic, parasympathetic, and somatic nerve fibers so that the nervous system can increase heart rate.
C) The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all.
D) The influx of potassium ions from extracellular sources is the initiating event in cardiac muscle contraction.

Question 74

Select the correct statement about the heart valves.

A) The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
B) The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction.
C) Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves control the flow of blood into the heart.
D) The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle.

Question 75

The foramen ovale ________.

A) connected the two atria in the fetal heart
B) is a condition in which the heart valves do not completely close
C) is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta in the fetus
D) is a shallow depression in the interventricular septum

Question 76

Which vessel(s)of the heart receive(s)blood from the right ventricle?

A) pulmonary trunk
B) aorta
C) pulmonary veins
D) venae cavae

Question 77

During the period of ventricular filling ________.

A) the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves are open
B) blood flows mostly passively through the atria and the open atrioventricular (AV) valves into the ventricles
C) the atria remain in diastole
D) pressure in the heart is at its peak

Question 78

The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is ________.

A) pericarditis
B) myocardial infarct
C) angina pectoris
D) ischemia

Question 79

To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve,you would place your stethoscope in the ________.

A) second intercostal space to the right of the sternum
B) second intercostal space to the left of the sternum
C) fifth right intercostal space
D) fifth intercostal space inferior to the left nipple

Question 80

Which of the following factors does NOT influence heart rate?

A) gender
B) body temperature
C) age
D) skin color