Deck 9: Section 5: Lifespan Development

Question 1

_____ illustrates genetic contributions to language development.

A)Behaviorism
B)Infant-directed speech
C)Attachment theory
D)Telegraphic speech

Answer 1

Infant-directed speech

Question 2

Which of the following is the CORRECT term for a segment of DNA that encodes the formula for a particular protein molecule?

A)gene
B)genotype
C)chromosome
D)phenotype

Answer 2

gene

Question 3

Henry and Heidi are proud new parents. Based on the information in the text, you can predict that Lauren, their new baby, will MOST likely:

A)walk easily before she is 10 months of age.
B)be able to sit without support before she will be able to roll over.
C)be able to roll over before she will be able to sit without support.
D)begin walking at exactly the same age as her older brother did.

Answer 3

be able to roll over before she will be able to sit without support.

Question 4

Developmental psychologists divide the lifespan into _____ age-related changes of development.

A)four
B)seven
C)nine
D)twelve

Question 5

Davie lives in a home with his mother and father, who have a very close relationship. Davie is likely to develop a secure attachment to:

A)his father but not his mother.
B)his mother but not his father.
C)both parents at about the same time.
D)neither parent, instead favoring a sibling.

Question 6

_____ influence(s) how people pay attention to, perceive, interpret, and remember gender-relevant behavior.

A)Gender schemas
B)Genetic predisposition
C)Gender roles
D)Sexual norms

Question 7

In MOST cases, the greatest vulnerability to teratogens occurs during the _____ period of prenatal development.

A)embryonic
B)fetal
C)germinal
D)postnatal

Question 8

According to Science Versus Pseudoscience: Can a DVD Program Your Baby to Be a Genius?, which of the following is the BEST predictor of infant language development?

A)the baby's IQ
B)the baby's age
C)number of hours spent watching educational DVD programs
D)the amount of time parents spend reading to their kids

Question 9

A newborn baby will turn its head and continue gazing at which type of moving stimulus?

A)a human face
B)an animal graphic
C)an orange ball
D)a yellow block

Question 10

Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Culture and Human Behavior: Where Does the Baby Sleep? in your text?

A)In the vast majority of cultures around the world, except that in the United States, babies often sleep in the same bed as their mothers.
B)In the vast majority of cultures around the world, including that in the United States, babies often sleep in the same bed as their mothers.
C)Only about 15 cultures throughout the world still practice mother-infant co-sleeping.
D)Throughout the world, the practice of mother-infant co-sleeping has decreased due to concerns about infant autonomy.

Question 11

_____ cells can divide indefinitely, renew themselves, and give rise to a variety of other types of cells.

A)Stem
B)Embryonic
C)Neural
D)Spinal

Question 12

Mark and Mathew are identical twins who developed from a single zygote and share identical DNA. Nevertheless, as they develop, differences in physical and psychological characteristics become evident. These differences are due to:

A)each twin's unique genetic blueprint.
B)pruning of unused neurons in each child's brain.
C)allele variation.
D)epigenetic change.

Question 13

_____ genes are examples of alleles.

A)Polygenic
B)Stem cell
C)Mutated
D)Dominant and recessive

Question 14

During the embryonic period:

A)the zygote becomes implanted on the mother's uterine wall.
B)the fetus can move its arms, legs, mouth, and head.
C)the mother experiences quickening.
D)all of the organs and the major body systems form.

Question 15

According to Piaget, each child:

A)passively acquires information about the world.
B)is born equipped with the tools needed to acquire language.
C)progresses through a series of eight stages of cognitive development.
D)actively tries to make sense of his or her environment.

Question 16

Renée Baillargeon has conducted research on the cognitive abilities of very young infants. Baillargeon's research is based on which of the following premises?

A)Infants will turn away from events that they find puzzling or confusing.
B)Infants will notice and pay attention to events that violate their expectations.
C)Infants express their cognitive abilities through their physical actions.
D)Infants' comprehension vocabulary is much larger than their production vocabulary.

Question 17

According to developmental psychologist Jerome Kagan, there are two broad temperamental patterns, which are:

A)high reactive and low reactive.
B)slow to warm up and difficult.
C)secure and insecure.
D)difficult and shy.

Question 18

Jamal describes Terrell as "very masculine" because Terrell is confident, assertive, and physically strong. Jamal is referring to Terrell's:

A)sexuality.
B)gender identity.
C)gender role.
D)gender schema.

Question 19

Which pair of chromosomes determines a person's biological sex?

A)the 11th
B)the 19th
C)the 23rd
D)the 42nd

Question 20

_____ developed gender schema theory to explain gender-role development.

A)Behavioral scientist Virginia Johnson
B)Psychologist Sandra Bem
C)Physician William Masters
D)Psychologist David Buss

Question 21

While writing a paper on the development of moral reasoning, Hugh read that there is not much evidence to support Carol Gilligan's idea that men and women have entirely different approaches to moral reasoning. However, he found that there is empirical evidence that:

A)Kohlberg's theory predicts the way humans engage in moral reasoning and also how they behave morally.
B)the best predictor of moral behavior in real-life situations is moral reasoning in response to hypothetical dilemmas.
C)men and women use a mix of both the ethic of individual rights and justice and the ethic of care and responsibility.
D)the development of moral reasoning follows a universal sequence of levels and stages, suggesting a strong genetic influence.

Question 22

Sexual characteristics that develop during puberty and differentiate between the sexes but are not directly involved in reproduction, such as male facial hair and female breast development, are called _____ sex characteristics.

A)secondary
B)epigenetic
C)tertiary
D)primary

Question 23

Anson has an 80-year-old grandfather. Anson wants to make sure his grandfather maintains his cognitive abilities as long as possible. According to Focus on Neuroscience: Boosting the Aging Brain, from which of the following behaviors would Anson's grandfather benefit MOST?

A)taking vitamins and supplements
B)watching stimulating television programs
C)taking at least one daily nap
D)engaging in aerobic exercise

Question 24

According to research, when is the average range for menopause to occur?

A)late-twenties to early-thirties
B)mid-thirties to mid-forties
C)late-thirties to early-fifties
D)mid-fifties to late-sixties

Question 25

Kayden is an early-maturing boy, and Brian is a late-maturing boy. Compared with Brian, Kayden is likely to:

A)experience very negative feelings about his body image and pubertal changes.
B)have an advantage in terms of popularity and athletics.
C)feel embarrassed by unwanted attention from older females.
D)engage in sexual risk taking and experiment with alcohol and drugs.

Question 26

What changes take place as the human brain matures over the adolescent years into early adulthood?

A)Immature white matter develops into mature gray matter.
B)The amount of gray matter steadily increases in the cerebral cortex and new neurons continue to be developed until about age 30.
C)Unused neurons and neuronal connections are pruned.
D)The brain goes through two critical periods in early adolescence, which are called generativity and induction.

Question 27

According to _____, each stage of the lifespan is associated with a particular psychosocial conflict that needs to be resolved.

A)Erik Erikson
B)Sandra Bem
C)Abraham Maslow
D)Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 28

Research shows that _____ remains stable up to age 90.

A)visual perception
B)numeric understanding
C)fluency
D)vocabulary knowledge

Question 29

According to Erikson, which of the following is an example of "ego integrity"?

A)being active and focused on healthy living
B)expressing unselfish concern for the welfare of the next generation
C)the feeling that one's life has been meaningful
D)being well-respected by society and receiving acknowledgment for one's life work

Question 30

Nine-year-old Faith patiently helped her four-year-old brother, Cole, learn how to fold a piece of paper and cut it to make a paper snowflake. This example illustrates which of the following?

A)Vygotsky's zone of proximal development
B)Baillargeon's event-specific expectations
C)Bem's gender schema theory of gender-role development
D)Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning