Deck 7: Section 5: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Question 1

"The global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with the environment" is:

A)Sternberg's definition of successful problem solving.
B)Wechsler's definition of intelligence.
C)Gardner's definition of logical-mathematical intelligence.
D)Thurstone's definition of intelligence.

Answer 1

Wechsler's definition of intelligence.

Question 2

Several problems have been assigned as part of your physics homework. One problem asks you to determine the relative velocity of a variety of moving objects. To answer the question, you solve a complex mathematical equation. Which problem-solving strategy are you using?

A)a heuristic
B)a trial-and-error strategy
C)insight
D)an algorithm

Answer 2

an algorithm

Question 3

The term "heritability" refers to the:

A)percentage of variation within a particular population that is due to heredity.
B)percentage of variation between two particular populations or racial or ethnic groups that is due to heredity.
C)percentage of a particular characteristic that is due strictly to hereditary factors.
D)degree to which a particular trait or quality is the result of the biological mother's genes or the biological father's genes.

Answer 3

percentage of variation within a particular population that is due to heredity.

Question 4

The study of animal cognition focuses on:

A)memory, problem solving, planning, cooperation, and even deception.
B)comparing animal to human intelligence.
C)the reproductive goals of nonhuman primates.
D)the role of genetic influences on intelligence.

Question 5

A new friend asks you to describe the house you grew up in. You pause and think for a moment. You will need to use _____ to answer her question.

A)intuition
B)mental images
C)an exemplar
D)a prototype

Question 6

In Lewis Terman's study of 1,500 California children between the ages of 8 and 12 who had IQs above 140, findings revealed that:

A)other than their high intelligence, there were no significant differences between them and other children in their age group.
B)the highly intelligent children tended to be socially well adjusted, healthier, and taller than other children their age.
C)although intelligent, the high-IQ children were socially and physically inept.
D)as compared with the control group of average children, the highly intelligent children were much more prone to illness and accidents.

Question 7

A concept can BEST be described as a(n):

A)mental category that is formed by learning the rules or features that define it the most.
B)mental representation of an object or event that is not physically present.
C)subconscious grouping of related and unrelated items or objects.
D)natural approach to memorizing and retrieving information stored in long-term memory.

Question 8

In the model of intuition described in your text, Stage _____, the _____ stage, involves conscious, analytic thinking.

A)1, guiding
B)2, integrative
C)3, mental set
D)4, logical-mathematical intelligence

Question 9

A well-designed psychological test has which of the following characteristics?

A)reliability, validity, and variability
B)verification, standardization, and reliability
C)reliability, standardization, and validity
D)standardization, validity, and variability

Question 10

Your text describes research with participants who lived in remote Amazon tribes and spoke languages that lacked a counting system or specific words for numbers. What conclusion did the researchers reach?

A)Language has a powerful effect on perception; people who speak different languages have a completely different view of the world.
B)Language categories can affect how individuals think about particular concepts. Without a number concept, the indigenous people were only able to use relative terms like "few," "some," and "many" instead of exact numbers to describe quantities.
C)The study showed that, even though the languages of the isolated tribes lacked number words, they had sophisticated systems for describing colors.
D)The study showed that, without a number concept, the indigenous people were unable to distinguish between "few," "some," and "many."

Question 11

Dividing a person's mental age by her chronological age and multiplying the answer by 100 is:

A)Louis Terman's formula for the IQ score as measured by the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale.
B)David Wechsler's formula for the IQ score as measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test.
C)Robert Sternberg's formula for the Practical Intelligence (PI) score as measured by the Sternberg Triarchic Intelligence Scale.
D)Howard Gardner's formula for the Multiple Intelligences Quotient (MIQ) as measured by his Multiple Intelligences Exam.

Question 12

_____ is defined as the tendency to view objects as functioning only in their usual or customary way.

A)Functional fixedness
B)Conceptualization
C)Consolidation
D)Intuition

Question 13

In psychology, twin studies are typically used to:

A)test the linguistic relativity hypothesis.
B)investigate problem-solving strategies.
C)determine the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to intelligence and other characteristics.
D)determine the relative contributions of personality factors to IQ scores and intelligence.

Question 14

After his imported, top-rated fifteen-speed mountain bike was stolen, Jason decides to replace it with the least expensive ten-speed he can find so that he won't have to worry about it. Which decision-making strategy is Jason using?

A)the additive model
B)the elimination-by-aspects model
C)the single-feature model
D)the availability model

Question 15

Research indicates that bilingualism may serve as a protective factor against:

A)Parkinson's disease.
B)bipolar disorder.
C)Alzheimer's disease.
D)schizophrenia.

Question 16

Crissy likes to drive fast, counting on her matronly appearance and southern charm to avoid getting a speeding ticket. She believes that most speeders who get tickets are young males driving high-performance cars, so she was surprised when an officer pulled her over and gave her a $200 speeding ticket despite the fact that she had three kids with soccer balls and uniforms in the back of her SUV. Crissy was misled by the _____ in her belief that she was highly unlikely to get a speeding ticket.

A)representativeness heuristic
B)belief-bias effect
C)confirmation bias
D)availability heuristic

Question 17

Psychologist _____ strongly believed that all mental abilities were related to a single common factor called the _____ factor.

A)Louis L. Thurstone; primary mental ability
B)Charles Spearman; general intelligence, or g,
C)Benjamin Whorf; linguistic relativity
D)Robert Sternberg; successful intelligence

Question 18

A friend asks you which three books you would take if you knew you were going to be marooned on a desert island for a year. Because language has the characteristic of _____, you are able to have a meaningful conversation about the topic, even though you're not really marooned on a desert island.

A)displacement
B)generativity
C)syntax
D)linguistic relativity

Question 19

Hannah is writing a research paper on autism spectrum disorder. She is particularly interested in individuals who are called "autistic savants." According to the In Focus box Neurodiversity: Beyond IQ, about _____ percent of people with autism spectrum disorder are considered to be autistic savants.

A)10
B)15
C)25
D)30

Question 20

One day, Ethan had "a feeling" that he was going to get a phone call from a long-lost friend. That evening, an old high school classmate called, inviting him to attend a class reunion. Now Ethan is telling everyone that he is psychic. According to your textbook, which cognitive bias provides the BEST explanation for Ethan's belief?

A)the overestimation effect
B)the belief-bias effect
C)confirmation bias
D)the fallacy of positive instances

Question 21

Creativity often depends on:

A)exceptional intelligence.
B)convergent thinking.
C)developing a theory.
D)problem finding.

Question 22

According to Claude Steele, how does stereotype threat tend to impair performance?

A)It causes the individual to focus on the self rather than others.
B)Irrelevant mental images are produced, which lead to maladaptive thinking.
C)It creates a sense of neurotic self-efficacy.
D)It leads to the fear that one might confirm the stereotype.

Question 23

Emma overheard the driver education instructor rant and rave about how the girls in Emma's group were the worst drivers he'd ever had the misfortune to teach in his 30 years of teaching high school students how to drive. When it was Emma's turn to practice her driving skills with the instructor, she performed worse than usual, forgetting to use turn signals, turning the wheel the wrong way when backing up, and running over two plastic cones when attempting to parallel park. What is the MOST likely explanation for Emma's poor performance behind the wheel?

A)Emma is relying on the wrong heuristics in her attempts to learn how to drive.
B)Emma is low in bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.
C)Emma's driving skills have deteriorated because of the influence of the prototype threat.
D)Emma's driving skills have deteriorated because of the influence of stereotype threat.