Deck 3: Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

Which of the following sensory receptors are constantly being replaced?

A)taste buds, proprioceptors, and nociceptors
B)rods, cones, and olfactory receptors
C)olfactory receptors and taste buds
D)taste buds and hair cells in the basilar membrane

Answer 1

olfactory receptors and taste buds

Question 2

The sensory receptor cells for hearing are:

A)located in the primary auditory cortex of the brain.
B)embedded in the tiny bones (anvil, hammer, stirrup) in the middle ear.
C)embedded in the basilar membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear.
D)located along the length of the auditory nerve.

Answer 2

embedded in the basilar membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear.

Question 3

Your Pacinian corpuscles are sensory receptors that respond to:

A)barometric changes.
B)pressure.
C)pain.
D)movement.

Answer 3

pressure.

Question 4

While helping his friends move, Ben dropped a box of books on his big toe. The immediate, sharp sensation of pain was carried by _____, while the throbbing pain that lasted for the next few days was transmitted by _____.

A)nociceptors; substance P
B)A-delta fibers; C fibers
C)Pacinian corpuscles; nociceptors
D)C fibers; A-delta fibers

Question 5

According to the volley principle, _____ fire into "volleys."

A)dendrites
B)neurons
C)hair cells
D)auditory nerves

Question 6

When Matt went duck hunting with his father, they wore camouflage clothing that would allow them to blend in with their surroundings. The effectiveness of camouflage is based on which Gestalt principle?

A)proximity
B)similarity
C)the law of Prägnanz
D)figure-ground

Question 7

You and your friends are trying to put together a 5,000-piece jigsaw puzzle. Because you are doing this one piece at a time without knowing what the final picture will be, you are relying on _____ processing.

A)bottom-up
B)top-down
C)conceptually driven
D)kinesthetic

Question 8

Research indicates that the effects of subliminal stimuli tend to be:

A)fairly strong but short-lived.
B)fairly strong and long-lasting.
C)weak and short-lived.
D)weak but long-lasting.

Question 9

Which of the following factors can increase the perception of pain?

A)darkness versus light
B)geographic location
C)anxiety and a sense of helplessness
D)distraction

Question 10

_____ is the scientific study of paranormal phenomena and ESP.

A)Parapsychology
B)Extrasensory psychology
C)Pseudopsychology
D)Gestalt psychology

Question 11

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)There is no evidence to support the existence of pheromones in humans.
B)Psychologists have recently discovered a pheromone that is emitted by breastfeeding women that makes them irresistible to the opposite sex.
C)There is evidence that human pheromones function as social signals, affecting moods and social interactions.
D)A chemical has recently been identified in the perspiration of young males that acts as a powerful sexual stimulus, increasing sexual motivation in women.

Question 12

_____ provide more specific information and function best in bright light, while _____ provide less specific information and function best in dim light.

A)Cones; rods
B)Rods; cones
C)Bipolar cells; ganglion cells
D)Ganglion cells; bipolar cells

Question 13

Walking into the bakery, you immediately notice the smell of freshly baked bread. What is the name of the process through which physical stimuli, such as odors, are converted into neural signals that are sent to the brain?

A)sensory adaptation
B)the mere exposure effect
C)accommodation
D)transduction

Question 14

The phenomenon of afterimages can be best explained by which theory?

A)frequency theory
B)place theory
C)trichromatic theory
D)opponent-process theory

Question 15

Which of the following would NOT be considered to be an example of a paranormal phenomenon?

A)psychokinesis
B)subliminal perception
C)precognition
D)telepathy

Question 16

The term sensation refers to:

A)a vague feeling of excitement or pleasure.
B)the process of detecting a physical stimulus such as light, sound, heat, or pressure.
C)the transformation of physical energy into chemical energy.
D)the interpretation and organization of sensory stimuli.

Question 17

Grace's aerobics instructor always starts the class with 5 minutes of warm-up exercises. First, she instructs the class to do 10 deep knee bends. Grace's ability to do knee bends without falling over involves her:

A)kinesthetic sense.
B)A-delta fibers and C fibers.
C)vestibular sense.
D)nociceptors in her inner ear.

Question 18

The visible spectrum includes:

A)red, orange, and yellow light waves.
B)the visual field, including peripheral vision.
C)ultraviolet rays, gamma rays, and radio waves.
D)the range of wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum that are visible to the human eye.

Question 19

According to Weber's law, the size of _____ is a constant proportion of the size of the initial stimulus.

A)the absolute threshold
B)a just noticeable difference or difference threshold
C)a subliminal threshold
D)a binocular disparity

Question 20

The blind spot:

A)causes permanent vision loss.
B)is caused by nearsightedness.
C)is a small gap in our field of vision.
D)is limited to the left side of our field of vision.

Question 21

Which of the following plays an important role in the Müller-Lyer illusion?

A)depth perception
B)size constancy
C)motion perception
D)perceptual grouping

Question 22

While watching a movie at the theater, Vernessa perceives the images on the screen as moving smoothly. However, the movie is actually produced by a series of still photographs that are projected onto the screen. Vernessa's perception of the images as moving smoothly rather than as a jerky series of images is an example of:

A)motion parallax.
B)stroboscopic motion.
C)induced motion.
D)the dot-and-frame principle.

Question 23

Because of the law of _____, you tend to perceive the following as three groups of letters: BBBBBBcccccTTTTTT.

A)proximity
B)closure
C)good continuation
D)similarity

Question 24

According to the "carpentered-world hypothesis":

A)people in nonindustrialized, rural countries are more susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion because of their lack of experience with right angles.
B)people in urban environments and developed countries are more susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion because of their experience with right angles.
C)because perceptual principles are shared by people all over the world, all humans are equally susceptible to the same perceptual illusions.
D)in some societies, perceptual illusions simply do not exist.

Question 25

Without _____, our perception of reality would be in a continual state of flux.

A)perceptual constancy
B)sensation
C)motion cues
D)depth perception

Question 26

The ability to accurately gauge the distance of the water bottle on your desk as you reach for it is called:

A)motion parallax.
B)biofeedback.
C)accommodation.
D)depth perception.

Question 27

Jana had always been fascinated by stories of the Loch Ness monster, so when she went to Scotland, she made sure to visit the famous Loch Ness. One rainy morning when she was scanning the lake with high-powered binoculars, she was certain that she saw a huge, long-necked sea monster surface for a few moments. Her companion, however, insisted that she had just seen an uprooted tree being swept by the high waves. Of the following options, which is the MOST likely explanation for Jana's sighting of the famous Loch Ness monster?

A)telepathy
B)subliminal perception
C)perceptual set
D)clairvoyance

Question 28

To reduce the intense pain of her migraine headaches, Lisette's doctor taught her a procedure that involved learning to control the blood flow and muscle tension in her head and neck. What is the technique called?

A)acupuncture
B)counterirritation
C)positive self-talk
D)biofeedback