Deck 13: Section 3: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

The first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual was published in 1952.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The difference between normal behavior and abnormal behavior is sometimes determined by the degree of the particular behavior.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Research has found that people with severe mental disorders who are actively experiencing extreme psychological symptoms, such as bizarre delusional ideas and hallucinated voices, display a slightly higher level of violent and illegal behavior than normal people do.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

People who act in an unusual or unconventional way almost always have some type of psychological disorder.

Question 5

The DSM-5 provides mental health professionals with both a common language for labeling mental disorders and comprehensive guidelines for diagnosing them.

Question 6

A psychological disorder or mental disorder is defined in the text as a pattern of behavioral or psychological symptoms that causes significant personal distress, impairing the ability to function in one or more important areas of life, or both.

Question 7

According to the text, the DSM-5 has been criticized for representing the consensus of a wide range of mental health professionals from many different organizations and perspectives.

Question 8

A psychological disorder or mental disorder is defined as a pattern of unusual or unconventional behavior that is a deviation from the typical social norms or customs.

Question 9

The behaviors that are considered to be abnormal can vary from one culture to another.

Question 10

Psychopathology is the scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders.

Question 11

The acronym DSM-5 stands for dissociative and somatic mental disorders.

Question 12

The term psychopathology refers to the study of people who have been judged to be criminally insane.

Question 13

Because the general public have become much more sophisticated in their thinking about psychological issues, people today are rarely reluctant to admit that they are being treated for a psychological disorder.

Question 14

The DSM-5 includes the symptoms, the criteria that must be met to make a diagnosis, and the frequency, typical course, and risk factors for each disorder.

Question 15

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, is the most comprehensive and authoritative set of guidelines available for diagnosing psychological disorders.

Question 16

For twelve years, clinicians and researchers worked on the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the DSM-5.

Question 17

The disorders in DSM-5 do not match the disorders outlined in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases.

Question 18

Psychopathology is defined as a pattern of behavioral or psychological symptoms that cause significant personal distress, impair the ability to function in one or more important areas of life, or both.

Question 19

Of all the groups portrayed on television, people with psychological disorders are the most stigmatized.

Question 20

The terms mental disorder and psychological disorder mean the same thing and are interchangeable.

Question 21

According to the findings of the National Comorbidity Study Replication (NCS-R), one out of two adults (46 percent) have experienced the symptoms of a psychological disorder at some point in their lifetime.

Question 22

Unlike other substance-related disorders, alcoholism does not result in the development of craving, tolerance, or withdrawal symptoms.

Question 23

Feelings of anxiety are always abnormal and indicate the existence of a serious psychological disorder.

Question 24

According to the findings of the National Comorbidity Study Replication (NCS-R), most people with a psychological disorder manage to weather the symptoms of the disorder without becoming completely debilitated and without the need for professional intervention.

Question 25

Kleptomania and pyromania are two examples of the diagnostic category of disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders.

Question 26

Somatic symptom and related disorders involve persistent and recurring complaints of bodily symptoms that are accompanied by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in response to these symptoms.

Question 27

Gambling disorder falls under the diagnostic category of disruptive, impulse-control disorders.

Question 28

Pyromania is characterized by the urge to set fires for pleasure, gratification, or relief of tension.

Question 29

Pyromania is characterized by recurrent episodes of unintended sleep in inappropriate situations, such as while driving a car or attending a meeting.

Question 30

Tourette's disorder is characterized by motor tics, such as recurring spasmodic movement of the head or arms, and vocal tics, such as sudden clicking, grunting and snorting sounds..

Question 31

According to the findings of the National Comorbidity Study Replication (NCS-R), only one in twenty adults have experienced the symptoms of a psychological disorder at some point in their lifetime.

Question 32

Autistic spectrum disorder is characterized by motor tics, such as repetitive spasmodic movements of the head and arms, and vocal tics, such as grunting and snorting, and sometimes uncontrollable utterances of profane and obscene words.

Question 33

Compared with normal feelings of anxiety, pathological anxiety is irrational, uncontrollable, and disrupts everyday functioning.

Question 34

According to the text, the DSM-5 has been criticized for using arbitrary cutoffs to draw the line between people with and without a particular disorder.

Question 35

When anxiety alerts a person to a realistic threat, it is normal and adaptive.

Question 36

According to the text, the DSM-5 has been criticized for gender bias.

Question 37

Disorders that include anxiety are among the most common of all psychological disorders.

Question 38

According to the findings of the National Comorbidity Study Replication (NCS-R), one out of four respondents reported experiencing the symptoms of a psychological disorder during the previous year of the study.

Question 39

According to the findings of the National Comorbidity Study Replication (NCS-R) most people with the symptoms of a mental disorder (59 percent) received no treatment during the year prior to which the study had been conducted.

Question 40

Somatic symptom disorder involves an excessive worry that is out of proportion to the seriousness of physical symptoms that are present.

Question 41

The person who suffers from ataque de nervios fears that his appearance or smell, facial expression, or body language will offend, insult, or embarrass other people.

Question 42

Another term for generalized anxiety disorder is free-floating anxiety.

Question 43

Panic disorder patients can always identify the stressful event or negative life experience that preceded their first panic attack.

Question 44

Panic disorder is unusual in that it is a psychological disorder that occurs primarily in the United States.

Question 45

The triple vulnerabilities model of panic disorder states that a biological predisposition toward anxiety, a low sense of control over potentially life-threatening events, and an oversensitivity to physical sensations combine to make a person vulnerable to panic.

Question 46

According to the catastrophic cognitions theory of panic disorder, people with panic disorder tend to misinterpret the physical signs of arousal as frightening and tend to exaggerate and distort the meaning of these experiences. This interpretation adds to their physiological arousal and intensifies the symptoms.

Question 47

People with panic disorder tend to be hypersensitive to the signs of physical arousal.

Question 48

Agoraphobia is the fear of having a panic attack in a place from which escape would be difficult or impossible.

Question 49

People with generalized anxiety disorder are constantly tense and anxious, and their anxiety is pervasive. They feel anxious about a wide range of life circumstances, sometimes with little or no apparent justification.

Question 50

The fear of having a panic attack in a place from which escape would be difficult or impossible is called ergophobia.

Question 51

Ataque de nervios literally translates as "attack of nerves" and has been reported in many Latin American cultures.

Question 52

Over the last year, Emily's fear of having a panic attack in a public place and being unable to escape has intensified to the point that she rarely leaves her house or goes to new places. Emily appears to be suffering from agoraphobia.

Question 53

Syndromes resembling panic disorder are found only in industrialized societies.

Question 54

Cross-cultural research has found that the symptoms resembling panic disorder have been reported in many cultures.

Question 55

People with generalized anxiety disorder experience high levels of anxiety only when they are in the particular situation that triggers their anxiety.

Question 56

According to the catastrophic cognitions theory of panic disorder, a biological predisposition toward anxiety, a low sense of control over potentially life-threatening events, and oversensitivity to physical sensations combine to make a person vulnerable to panic.

Question 57

Global, persistent, chronic, and excessive apprehension is the main feature of panic disorder.

Question 58

The most common symptoms of a panic attack are a pounding heart, rapid breathing, breathlessness, and a choking sensation.

Question 59

Environmental, psychological, and genetic as well as other biological factors are thought to be involved in generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 60

Most of the anxiety disorders are much more common in men than in women.

Question 61

Mild phobias are very common among the general population.

Question 62

People with social anxiety disorder experience tremendous anxiety in social situations because they have an irrational fear of being embarrassed, judged, or of failing in public.

Question 63

One of the key symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is that the person experiences unwanted and intrusive thoughts about the traumatic event.

Question 64

Compulsions are repeated, intrusive, uncontrollable thoughts or mental images that cause the person great anxiety and distress.

Question 65

The person with taijin kyofusho fears that his appearance or smell, facial expression, or body language will offend, insult, or embarrass other people.

Question 66

Crystal is extremely anxious about germs on public door handles, railings, and elevator buttons. Along with constantly thinking about germs, Crystal feels compelled to repeatedly wash her hands to the point that her skin is cracked and raw. Crystal probably has obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 67

There is a significant gender difference in the incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder, with more than twice as many men as women experiencing PTSD after exposure to trauma.

Question 68

People with OCD often have the irrational belief that failing to perform some ritual action or behavior will lead to a disastrous outcome.

Question 69

Hector has a fear of growing excessive amounts of body hair. This phobia is called hypertrichophobia.

Question 70

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) only occurs in response to extreme traumas associated with military combat and war.

Question 71

People with OCD typically experience either obsessions or compulsions, but not both.

Question 72

The person with taijin kyofusho fears that he will experience a panic attack in a public place from which escape is difficult or impossible.

Question 73

If exposed to an extreme trauma, someone with a personal or family history of psychological disorders is more likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 74

Specific phobias are more common in women than in men.

Question 75

Persistent, recurring thoughts are to compulsions as persistent urges to perform certain actions are to obsessions.

Question 76

Obsessions are repeated, intrusive, uncontrollable thoughts or mental images that cause the person great anxiety and distress.

Question 77

People with ergophobia experience an incapacitating fear of open spaces, such as empty parking lots or fields.

Question 78

Evidence suggests that people are biologically prepared to develop phobias of certain animals and situations which were survival threats in human evolutionary history.

Question 79

Compulsions are repetitive behaviors that a person feels driven to perform.

Question 80

An obsession is a repetitive behavior that a person feels driven to perform.