Deck 10: Section 4: Personality

Question 1

According to Freud, the Oedipus complex produces _____ in young boys and _____ in young girls.

A)penis envy; womb envy
B)castration anxiety; womb envy
C)womb envy; penis envy
D)castration anxiety; penis envy

Answer 1

castration anxiety; penis envy

Question 2

Zelda describes herself as shy, hardworking, compassionate, and organized. Zelda's analysis of her own personality is MOST similar to which perspective on personality?

A)trait
B)psychoanalytic
C)social cognitive
D)humanistic

Answer 2

trait

Question 3

The five-factor model of personality describes personality in terms of:

A)psychoticism, stability, extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness.
B)extraversion, introversion, psychoticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
C)extraversion, emotional stability, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
D)neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.

Answer 3

neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.

Question 4

Latency is to _____ as reaction formation is to _____.

A)psychosexual stage; ego defense mechanism
B)ego defense mechanism; psychosexual stage
C)conscious; unconscious
D)unconscious; conscious

Question 5

Eros likes to seek out stimulating environments. According to Eysenck's theory, Eros would be described as:

A)neurotic.
B)psychotic.
C)extraverted.
D)introverted.

Question 6

Which of the following theorists had a strong influence on Freud's early career, introducing him to the use of hypnosis in treating patients with psychological problems?

A)Alfred Adler
B)Erik Erikson
C)Carl Jung
D)Joseph Breuer

Question 7

Your _____ is defined as your unique and relatively consistent pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

A)self-concept
B)archetype
C)possible self
D)personality

Question 8

Which of the following is a strength of the social-cognitive perspective as compared with the other perspectives on personality?

A)It provides insights into unconscious influences, motives, and conflicts.
B)It helps explain many seemingly irrational aspects of human behavior.
C)Its strength is that it works best in controlled laboratory research rather than complicated real life settings.
D)Its key ideas can be operationally defined, measured, and empirically tested.

Question 9

On her birthday, Rose was given a new computer by her children. However, she has never turned it on because she doesn't think she will be able to learn how to use it. How would Albert Bandura explain Rose's behavior?

A)Rose is very low in Factor 3, Openness to Experience.
B)Rose's beliefs of self-efficacy are very weak in regards to learning how to use a computer.
C)Being able to use a computer is incompatible with Rose's ISFP (introverted, sensing, feeling, and perceiving) personality type.
D)Because of her basic anxiety, Rose is using a psychological defense mechanism called denial.

Question 10

According to research on identical twins separated at birth and raised in different families, similarities in personality traits are due to _____, whereas differences in personality traits are due to _____.

A)genetic influences; environmental influences
B)environmental influences; genetic influences
C)emergenic influences; heritability of traits
D)heritability of traits; emergenic influences

Question 11

According to findings in the field of behavioral genetics:

A)personality is almost entirely determined by environmental factors, with little contribution from genetic influences.
B)personality is almost entirely determined by genetic factors, with little contribution from environmental factors.
C)an individual's personality is largely determined by emergenic traits that tend to run in families.
D)both genes and environmental factors influence some personality traits.

Question 12

According to _____ and the _____ theory, personality and behavior is the end result of the interaction among cognitive, behavioral, and environmental factors.

A)Hans Eysenck; trait
B)Sigmund Freud; psychoanalytic
C)Carl Rogers; humanistic
D)Albert Bandura; social cognitive

Question 13

The actualizing tendency is to _____ as striving for superiority is to _____.

A)Abraham Maslow; Carl Jung
B)Alfred Adler; Karen Horney
C)Carl Rogers; Alfred Adler
D)Carl Jung; Carl Rogers

Question 14

Trait theorists have analyzed and grouped large numbers of surface traits in order to identify a smaller number of:

A)personality types.
B)temperamental styles.
C)source traits.
D)externalizing traits.

Question 15

According to Carl Rogers, MOST psychological problems result from:

A)unconscious conflicts.
B)experiencing conditional positive regard, rather than unconditional positive regard.
C)basic anxiety and the formation of an inferiority complex.
D)prolonged exposure to unconditional positive regard, rather than conditional positive regard.

Question 16

Humanistic psychology had an especially lasting influence in the area of:

A)creativity.
B)sexual fetishes.
C)intelligence.
D)criminal behavior.

Question 17

According to Sigmund Freud, the newborn infant is motivated by:

A)the superego.
B)the pleasure principle.
C)the reality principle.
D)basic anxiety.

Question 18

Which term did Freud use to refer to sexual energy or motivation?

A)superego
B)libido
C)Eros
D)ego

Question 19

When describing human aggression, _____ argued that "the massive threats to human welfare are generally brought about by deliberate acts of principle, rather than unrestrained acts of impulse."

A)Bandura
B)Skinner
C)Maslow
D)Freud

Question 20

According to the _____ perspective, people would instinctively choose positive, constructive behaviors if the restrictions of society were loosened.

A)psychoanalytic
B)social cognitive
C)humanistic
D)trait

Question 21

In his career counseling practice, Dr. Tremaine uses a personality test called the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). This test differs from other self-report inventories, such as the MMPI, CPI, and 16PF, in that:

A)the results can be applied to accurately determine the best vocational choice and predict future occupational success for an individual.
B)it has high reliability and validity, and test results are consistent on different test-taking occasions.
C)it is designed to measure personality types rather than personality traits, and suffers from validity and reliability problems.
D)it is designed to assess unconscious motives, conflicts, psychological defenses, and personality traits.

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of a nonshared environmental influence?

A)socioeconomic status
B)illness
C)parenting
D)neighborhood

Question 23

Ricki is a teenager in a small Midwestern city who dreams of moving to New York and becoming a successful actress. According to Psych for Your Life, it is likely that, because of Ricki's "possible self," she will _____ in high school.

A)develop an inferiority complex
B)take acting and voice lessons
C)develop a superiority complex
D)have very low self-esteem

Question 24

The MOST widely used self-report inventory is the:

A)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, or MMPI.
B)Thematic Apperception Test, or TAT.
C)Rorschach Inkblot Test.
D)California Personality Inventory (CPI).

Question 25

The _____ is a self-report inventory that is based on research by Raymond Cattell.

A)16PF (Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire)
B)CPI (California Personality Inventory)
C)TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)
D)MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)