Deck 1: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century

Question 1

IDENTIFICATIONS
Oratory of Divine Love

Answer 1

not answered

Question 2

How did the English Reformation differ from the reformation in other countries? Be sure to mention specific monarchs and acts of Parliament.

Answer 2

not answered

Question 3

IDENTIFICATIONS
Martin Luther

Answer 3

not answered

Question 4

What were the sources of discontent among the Catholic clergy on the eve of the Reformation? What were the manifestations of popular religious piety on the eve of the Reformation?

Question 5

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Thomas More's Utopia

Question 6

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Thomas a Kempis' Imitation of Christ

Question 7

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the sacraments

Question 8

What were the contributions of the papacy, Council of Trent, and the Jesuits to the revival of Catholicism?

Question 9

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pluralism and absenteeism

Question 10

Compare and contrast the chief ideas of Zwinglianism, Anabaptism, and Lutheranism.What did they have in common? How were they different?

Question 11

IDENTIFICATIONS
salvation by faith

Question 12

Examine the geographic spread of Protestant denominations and compare them to places of entrenched Catholicism.What can the maps teach you about these religions' relative popularities?

Question 13

What impact did Reformation doctrines have on the family, education, and popular religious practices?

Question 14

What was Christian humanism and how did it help prepare the way for the Protestant Reformation? Did Erasmus' works pave the way for Luther's break with Rome and Catholicism? How?

Question 15

What was Luther's fundamental religious problem? Trace the development of this problem and how Luther solved it.How did Luther's religious ideas differ from those of Catholicism?

Question 16

IDENTIFICATIONS
Desiderius Erasmus's The Praise of Folly

Question 17

Discuss the chief ideas of Calvinism and show how they were similar to the ideas of Lutheranism.How did they vary from the ideas of Lutheranism? Why did Calvinism become the major international form of Protestantism?

Question 18

Were the Reformation and Counter-Reformation popular movements or the carefully orchestrated manipulations of charismatic figures-or both?

Question 19

IDENTIFICATIONS
Christian humanism

Question 20

Did matters of faith or matters of politics play a greater role in the establishment of Lutheranism in Germany and Scandinavia?

Question 21

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priesthood of all believers

Question 22

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Gustavus Vasa

Question 23

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the Protestant minister and family

Question 24

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the Edict of Worms

Question 25

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transubstantiation

Question 26

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Peace of Augsburg

Question 27

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Johann Tetzel and indulgences

Question 28

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Act of Supremacy

Question 29

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Book of Common Prayer

Question 30

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Charles V

Question 31

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Menno Simons

Question 32

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Suleiman the Magnificent

Question 33

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Henry VIII's wives

Question 34

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Ulrich Zwingli

Question 35

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Anabaptists, Munster

Question 36

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Marburg Colloquy

Question 37

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Pope Clement VII

Question 38

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millenarianism

Question 39

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Ninety-Five Theses

Question 40

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the Peasants' War, 1524

Question 41

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Protestant education

Question 42

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Henry IV and the Edict of Nantes

Question 43

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Saint Teresa of Avila

Question 44

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the New World

Question 45

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Huguenots and Saint Bartholomew's Day

Question 46

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Edward VI and "Bloody Mary"

Question 47

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predestination

Question 48

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Puritans

Question 49

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Pope Paul III

Question 50

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Philip II

Question 51

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Geneva

Question 52

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the Netherlands

Question 53

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Jesuits

Question 54

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the Battle of Lepanto

Question 55

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Union of Utrecht

Question 56

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Catholic Reformation

Question 57

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John Calvin

Question 58

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Francis Xavier

Question 59

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Ignatius Loyola

Question 60

IDENTIFICATIONS
Council of Trent

Question 61

The northern Christian humanists

A) felt pessimistic about the future of humanity.
B) were sophisticated and realistic in their expectations.
C) totally rejected the primacy of the Catholic Church.
D) doubted that education could solve the world's problems.
E) championed the study of classical and early Christian texts to reform the Catholic Church.

Question 62

In his "philosophy of Christ," Erasmus emphasized

A) the role of priests.
B) a strictly structured and hierarchical society.
C) inner piety.
D) study of Classical Roman classics.
E) killing infidels and heretics.

Question 63

Luther's pamphlet, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church,

A) attacked the sacramental system of the church.
B) outlined the doctrine of Luther in German.
C) explained the Lutheran liturgy.
D) attacked abuses of the Catholic clergy in north Africa.
E) justified transubstantiation.

Question 64

The early fifteenth century religious reformer who was burned at the stake was

A) John Wycliffe.
B) Erasmus.
C) Ignatius of Loyola.
D) John Calvin.
E) John Hus.

Question 65

Concerning the sacraments of the Catholic Church, Luther

A) accepted all seven.
B) rejected all of them except baptism and communion, or the Lord's Supper.
C) claimed marriage as the only true sacrament.
D) eliminated extreme unction.
E) eliminated only clerical celibacy.

Question 66

Though Luther was condemned at the Diet of Worms, he survived because he was protected by

A) the Emperor Charles V.
B) a seven-foot Viking bodyguard.
C) his abiding faith in Christ.
D) Ulrich Zwingli.
E) the Elector of Saxony.

Question 67

The reforming religious organization of the late fifteenth century that included both clergy and laymen was

A) Augustinians.
B) Jesuits.
C) Oratory of Divine Love.
D) Beguines.
E) Order of Erasmusnites.

Question 68

The event that eventually led to Luther's break with the church was

A) the Council of Pisa's declaration that maintained the necessity of Purgatory for salvation.
B) the increase of Papal taxes on the German peasantry.
C) widespread sale of indulgences by preaching monks.
D) the declaration that the German clergy must pay taxes.
E) the papacy's threat to remove the German emperor.

Question 69

Luther's ideas were spread primarily through

A) his translation of the Bible into Latin.
B) word of mouth by merchants.
C) sermons.
D) imperial edicts and proclamations.
E) German princes.

Question 70

Which of the following was not a central belief of Lutheranism?

A) Justification is by faith alone.
B) Only two of the Catholic sacraments were accurate and worth keeping.
C) God's word is found in scripture alone.
D) The pope is a false representative of Christ on earth.
E) The sale of indulgences is a proper revenue source for a church.

Question 71

Popular religion in the Late Middle Ages and Renaissance was marked by

A) greater popular belief in the spiritual utility of relics and indulgences.
B) outbursts of church burnings to chase away "devil priests."
C) efforts to do away with traditional beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church.
D) the rise of several new neo-pagan, polytheistic cults.
E) a turning away from religion in favor of Renaissance humanism.

Question 72

The Edict of Worms

A) contained Luther's refutation of Johann Eck's accusations.
B) expressed Luther's rejection of Pope Innocent I's spiritual authority.
C) called Luther to appear before Emperor Charles V to recant his "heresies."
D) made Luther an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire.
E) led to Luther's forcible removal to Rome.

Question 73

The author of Utopia, a satire on European government and society, was

A) Giovanni Boccaccio.
B) Desiderius Erasmus.
C) Thomas a Kepmis.
D) William Shakespeare.
E) Thomas More.

Question 74

The Peasants' War of 1524-1525

A) was led by a radical ex-follower of Luther, Philip Melanchthon.
B) furthered the spread of Lutheranism throughout all of Europe.
C) as praised by Luther as it destroyed the great Catholic princes of Germany.
D) was strongly opposed by Luther who saw it as a social revolution from below against God's divine order.
E) had no connection with any of Luther's ideas and beliefs.

Question 75

At its outset, the Reformation in Germany was

A) a rural phenomenon.
B) largely an urban phenomenon.
C) a movement with strong urban and rural backing.
D) only a minor quarrel among monks.
E) restricted to southern Germany alone.

Question 76

The religious reformer who "laid the egg that Luther hatched" was

A) Savonarola.
B) Thomas More.
C) John Calvin.
D) Desiderius Erasmus.
E) Ulrich Zwingli.

Question 77

For Luther, the only sure source of truth and the only reliable path of faith, other than justification, was

A) the opinions of scholars.
B) the decisions of church councils.
C) the authority of the pope.
D) the Bible.
E) the speaking voice of God himself.

Question 78

Luther's religious crisis came to a head over his growing belief that

A) the Bible had passages which were contradictory.
B) even after leaving the Catholic Church, he still recognized its legitimacy.
C) no amount of good works could satisfy God's righteousness.
D) if God is all-powerful, why should he care about humans?
E) there seemed to be no sure proof of God's existence.

Question 79

IDENTIFICATIONS
Spanish Armada

Question 80

IDENTIFICATIONS
Elizabeth