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Deck 3: Studying People
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Question
Indices include a series of __________ designed to develop one or more dimensions of a given concept.
A)related questions
B)interval variables
C)statistical equations
D)testable hypotheses
A)related questions
B)interval variables
C)statistical equations
D)testable hypotheses
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Question
Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
____ Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
____ A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
____ Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
____ When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
____ A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
____ Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
____ Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
____ The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
____ A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
____ The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
____ A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
____ The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
____ A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
____ Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
____ How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
____ A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
____ Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
____ Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
____ A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
____ A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
____ Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
____ Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
____ A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.____ Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
____ A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
____ Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
____ When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
____ A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
____ Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
____ Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
____ The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
____ A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
____ The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
____ A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
____ The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
____ A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
____ Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
____ How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
____ A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
____ Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
____ Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
____ A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
____ A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
____ Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
____ Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Question
Humphries' research on the "tearoom trade" was considered controversial because__________.
A)he did not use a snowball sample
B)he studied homosexuality in public places
C)he placed his subjects at risk of emotional and social hardship
D)his research did not use quantitative data
A)he did not use a snowball sample
B)he studied homosexuality in public places
C)he placed his subjects at risk of emotional and social hardship
D)his research did not use quantitative data
Question
An instructor developed a study to determine ways of producing more participation in her classes.In one class,she provided free doughnuts to students every day,whereas in another she gave them nothing.She had an assistant takes notes on the number of comments and questions students made in each class.Which class represents the control group?
A)the class not given the doughnuts
B)the class given the doughnuts
C)neither the class given nor not given the doughnuts
D)both the class given and not given the doughnuts
A)the class not given the doughnuts
B)the class given the doughnuts
C)neither the class given nor not given the doughnuts
D)both the class given and not given the doughnuts
Question
In preparing for a survey of country club members,Donella asked the manager of the club for a list of members.This list refers to a __________.
A)random sample
B)probability sample
C)sample list
D)sampling frame
A)random sample
B)probability sample
C)sample list
D)sampling frame
Question
Age is what kind of variable?
A)ordinal
B)nominal
C)rational
D)categorical
A)ordinal
B)nominal
C)rational
D)categorical
Question
Social scientists must always be concerned with __________ in order to accurately capture phenomena in questions.
A)truth and reliability
B)reliability and validity
C)truth and validity
D)probability and validity
A)truth and reliability
B)reliability and validity
C)truth and validity
D)probability and validity
Question
Quantitative research includes __________.
A)experiments and interviews
B)data analysis,surveys,and experiments
C)only surveys
D)data analysis,surveys,and interviews
A)experiments and interviews
B)data analysis,surveys,and experiments
C)only surveys
D)data analysis,surveys,and interviews
Question
Samantha started a research project predicting that men would be more supportive of using military force to go to war than women.In this case,attitudes toward going to war is what kind of variable?
A)an index
B)a scale
C)an independent variable
D)a dependent variable
A)an index
B)a scale
C)an independent variable
D)a dependent variable
Question
Research conducted by interview,participant observation,and ethnography is what kind of research?
A)quantitative
B)qualitative
C)breeching
D)experimental
A)quantitative
B)qualitative
C)breeching
D)experimental
Question
Focus groups include semi structured interviews with small groups,usually of __________ participants.
A)2 to 5
B)6 to 15
C)15 to 25
D)10 to 20
A)2 to 5
B)6 to 15
C)15 to 25
D)10 to 20
Question
You are studying student attitudes toward tobacco and alcohol consumption by asking students to respond to questions using answer categories that range from 1 (strongly agree)to 4 (strongly disagree).These items represent which type of variable?
A)ordinal
B)interval
C)rational
D)categorical
A)ordinal
B)interval
C)rational
D)categorical
Question
Which of the following types of samples is considered most representative of any given population?
A)a random sample
B)a convenience sample
C)a snowball sample
D)either a convenience sample or a snowball sample
A)a random sample
B)a convenience sample
C)a snowball sample
D)either a convenience sample or a snowball sample
Question
What role does the researcher take on in the research technique called "autoethnograpy"?
A)the role of a "co-participant" in the research process,an equal partner in the study
B)the role of an objective observer
C)the role of a data analyst
D)the role of a research controller,who manages events
A)the role of a "co-participant" in the research process,an equal partner in the study
B)the role of an objective observer
C)the role of a data analyst
D)the role of a research controller,who manages events
Question
An instructor asks you to develop a study of the homeless that will provide a great deal of insight into what it is like to be homeless.Given this mandate,which of the following methods would most likely produce the information that you need for such a project?
A)ethnography
B)focus group
C)survey
D)experiment
A)ethnography
B)focus group
C)survey
D)experiment
Question
How are social theories and hypothesis related to one another?
A)Theories include specific statements,whereas hypotheses are more general statements.
B)Theories are an extension of hypotheses.
C)Theories are used to develop hypotheses.
D)Theories use variables but hypotheses do not.
A)Theories include specific statements,whereas hypotheses are more general statements.
B)Theories are an extension of hypotheses.
C)Theories are used to develop hypotheses.
D)Theories use variables but hypotheses do not.
Question
Social psychologist B.F.Skinner developed __________,in which animals learned to press levers to obtain rewards,such as food pellets.
A)the "Skinner box"
B)autoethnography
C)animal testing
D)laboratory experimentation
A)the "Skinner box"
B)autoethnography
C)animal testing
D)laboratory experimentation
Question
Read the vignette and answer the questions that follow.
A sociologist is interested in studying the causes of suicide in society.She begins her research by developing a project in which she asks suicide survivors to discuss their reasons for attempting suicide and the personal and social conditions that led to their decisions to attempt the act.In a second project,she examines another researcher's survey data from a national sample of U.S.citizens.She found that depression is associated with the desire to commit suicide but many people who think about committing suicide never make any attempt to do so.She also found that people who have experienced a stressful life event,such as a job loss or divorce,are more likely to report the desire to commit suicide.
Overall,the research described in the vignette best exemplifies which of the following research techniques?
A)a survey method
B)an experiment
C)a field method
D)a mixed-method approach
A sociologist is interested in studying the causes of suicide in society.She begins her research by developing a project in which she asks suicide survivors to discuss their reasons for attempting suicide and the personal and social conditions that led to their decisions to attempt the act.In a second project,she examines another researcher's survey data from a national sample of U.S.citizens.She found that depression is associated with the desire to commit suicide but many people who think about committing suicide never make any attempt to do so.She also found that people who have experienced a stressful life event,such as a job loss or divorce,are more likely to report the desire to commit suicide.
Overall,the research described in the vignette best exemplifies which of the following research techniques?
A)a survey method
B)an experiment
C)a field method
D)a mixed-method approach
Question
At which step in the research process does the researcher actually go out and collect data?
A)step 1
B)step 2
C)step 3
D)step 4
A)step 1
B)step 2
C)step 3
D)step 4
Question
Which of the following research methods is most likely to demonstrate causal relationships between variables?
A)ethnography
B)focus group
C)survey
D)experiment
A)ethnography
B)focus group
C)survey
D)experiment
Question
At which step in the research process does the researcher conduct a literature review,using the library and other resources?
A)step 1
B)step 2
C)step 3
D)step 4
A)step 1
B)step 2
C)step 3
D)step 4
Question
Match between columns
Premises:
Responses:
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Indices
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Control group
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Experiment
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Experimental group
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Reliability
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Field research
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Focus groups
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Hypotheses
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Population
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Convenience sample
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Dependent variable
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Ethnography
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Independent variable
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
In-depth interviews
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Internal Review Boards
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Validity
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Interval variables
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Laboratory experiments
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Natural or field experiments
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Participant observation
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Posttest
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Operationalize
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Ordinal variables
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Indices
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Control group
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Experiment
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Experimental group
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Reliability
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Field research
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Focus groups
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Hypotheses
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Population
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Convenience sample
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Dependent variable
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Ethnography
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Independent variable
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
In-depth interviews
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Internal Review Boards
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Validity
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Interval variables
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Laboratory experiments
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Natural or field experiments
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Participant observation
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Posttest
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Operationalize
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Ordinal variables
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Indices
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Control group
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Experiment
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Experimental group
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Reliability
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Field research
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Focus groups
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Hypotheses
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Population
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Convenience sample
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Dependent variable
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Ethnography
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Independent variable
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
In-depth interviews
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Internal Review Boards
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Validity
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Interval variables
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Laboratory experiments
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Natural or field experiments
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Participant observation
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Posttest
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Operationalize
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Ordinal variables
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Indices
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Control group
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Experiment
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Experimental group
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Reliability
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Field research
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Focus groups
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Hypotheses
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Population
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Convenience sample
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Dependent variable
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Ethnography
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Independent variable
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
In-depth interviews
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Internal Review Boards
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Validity
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Interval variables
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Laboratory experiments
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Natural or field experiments
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Participant observation
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Posttest
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Operationalize
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Ordinal variables
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Indices
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Control group
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Experiment
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Experimental group
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Reliability
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Field research
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Focus groups
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Hypotheses
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Population
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Convenience sample
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Dependent variable
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Ethnography
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Independent variable
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
In-depth interviews
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Internal Review Boards
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Validity
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Interval variables
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Laboratory experiments
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Natural or field experiments
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Participant observation
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Posttest
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Operationalize
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Ordinal variables
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Indices
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Control group
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Experiment
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Experimental group
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Reliability
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Field research
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Focus groups
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Hypotheses
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Population
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Convenience sample
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Dependent variable
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Ethnography
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Independent variable
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
In-depth interviews
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Internal Review Boards
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Validity
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Interval variables
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Laboratory experiments
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Natural or field experiments
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Participant observation
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Posttest
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Operationalize
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Ordinal variables
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Indices
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Control group
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Experiment
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Experimental group
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Reliability
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Field research
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Focus groups
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Hypotheses
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Population
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Convenience sample
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Dependent variable
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Ethnography
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Independent variable
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
In-depth interviews
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Internal Review Boards
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Validity
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Interval variables
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Laboratory experiments
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Natural or field experiments
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Participant observation
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Posttest
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Operationalize
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Ordinal variables
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Indices
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Control group
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Experiment
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Experimental group
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Reliability
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Field research
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Focus groups
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Hypotheses
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Population
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Convenience sample
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Dependent variable
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Ethnography
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Independent variable
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
In-depth interviews
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Internal Review Boards
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Validity
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Interval variables
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Laboratory experiments
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Natural or field experiments
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Participant observation
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Posttest
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Operationalize
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Ordinal variables
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Indices
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Control group
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Experiment
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Experimental group
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Reliability
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Field research
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Focus groups
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Hypotheses
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Population
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Convenience sample
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Dependent variable
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Ethnography
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Independent variable
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
In-depth interviews
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Internal Review Boards
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Validity
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Interval variables
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Laboratory experiments
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Natural or field experiments
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Participant observation
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Posttest
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Operationalize
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Ordinal variables
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Indices
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Control group
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Experiment
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Experimental group
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Reliability
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Field research
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Focus groups
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Hypotheses
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Population
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Convenience sample
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Dependent variable
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Ethnography
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Independent variable
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
In-depth interviews
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Internal Review Boards
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Validity
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Interval variables
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Laboratory experiments
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Natural or field experiments
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Participant observation
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Posttest
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Operationalize
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Ordinal variables
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Indices
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Control group
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Experiment
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Experimental group
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Reliability
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Field research
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Focus groups
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Hypotheses
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Population
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Convenience sample
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Dependent variable
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Ethnography
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Independent variable
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
In-depth interviews
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Internal Review Boards
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Validity
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Interval variables
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Laboratory experiments
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Natural or field experiments
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Participant observation
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Posttest
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Operationalize
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Ordinal variables
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Indices
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Control group
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Experiment
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Experimental group
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Reliability
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Field research
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Focus groups
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Hypotheses
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Population
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Convenience sample
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Dependent variable
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Ethnography
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Independent variable
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
In-depth interviews
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Internal Review Boards
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Validity
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Interval variables
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Laboratory experiments
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Natural or field experiments
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Participant observation
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Posttest
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Operationalize
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Ordinal variables
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Indices
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Control group
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Experiment
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Experimental group
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Reliability
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Field research
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Focus groups
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Hypotheses
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Population
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Convenience sample
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Dependent variable
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Ethnography
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Independent variable
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
In-depth interviews
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Internal Review Boards
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Validity
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Interval variables
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Laboratory experiments
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Natural or field experiments
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Participant observation
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Posttest
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Operationalize
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Ordinal variables
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Indices
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Control group
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Experiment
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Experimental group
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Reliability
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Field research
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Focus groups
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Hypotheses
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Population
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Convenience sample
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Dependent variable
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Ethnography
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Independent variable
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
In-depth interviews
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Internal Review Boards
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Validity
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Interval variables
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Laboratory experiments
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Natural or field experiments
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Participant observation
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Posttest
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Operationalize
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Ordinal variables
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Indices
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Control group
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Experiment
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Experimental group
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Reliability
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Field research
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Focus groups
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Hypotheses
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Population
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Convenience sample
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Dependent variable
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Ethnography
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Independent variable
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
In-depth interviews
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Internal Review Boards
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Validity
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Interval variables
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Laboratory experiments
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Natural or field experiments
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Participant observation
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Posttest
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Operationalize
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Ordinal variables
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Indices
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Control group
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Experiment
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Experimental group
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Reliability
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Field research
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Focus groups
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Hypotheses
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Population
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Convenience sample
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Dependent variable
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Ethnography
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Independent variable
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
In-depth interviews
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Internal Review Boards
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Validity
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Interval variables
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Laboratory experiments
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Natural or field experiments
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Participant observation
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Posttest
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Operationalize
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Ordinal variables
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Indices
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Control group
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Experiment
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Experimental group
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Reliability
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Field research
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Focus groups
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Hypotheses
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Population
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Convenience sample
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Dependent variable
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Ethnography
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Independent variable
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
In-depth interviews
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Internal Review Boards
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Validity
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Interval variables
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Laboratory experiments
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Natural or field experiments
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Participant observation
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Posttest
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Operationalize
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Ordinal variables
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Indices
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Control group
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Experiment
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Experimental group
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Reliability
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Field research
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Focus groups
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Hypotheses
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Population
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Convenience sample
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Dependent variable
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Ethnography
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Independent variable
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
In-depth interviews
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Internal Review Boards
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Validity
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Interval variables
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Laboratory experiments
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Natural or field experiments
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Participant observation
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Posttest
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Operationalize
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Ordinal variables
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Indices
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Control group
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Experiment
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Experimental group
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Reliability
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Field research
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Focus groups
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Hypotheses
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Population
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Convenience sample
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Dependent variable
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Ethnography
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Independent variable
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
In-depth interviews
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Internal Review Boards
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Validity
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Interval variables
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Laboratory experiments
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Natural or field experiments
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Participant observation
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Posttest
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Operationalize
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Ordinal variables
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Indices
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Control group
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Experiment
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Experimental group
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Reliability
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Field research
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Focus groups
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Hypotheses
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Population
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Convenience sample
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Dependent variable
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Ethnography
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Independent variable
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
In-depth interviews
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Internal Review Boards
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Validity
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Interval variables
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Laboratory experiments
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Natural or field experiments
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Participant observation
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Posttest
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Operationalize
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Ordinal variables
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Indices
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Control group
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Experiment
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Experimental group
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Reliability
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Field research
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Focus groups
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Hypotheses
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Population
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Convenience sample
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Dependent variable
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Ethnography
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Independent variable
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
In-depth interviews
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Internal Review Boards
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Validity
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Interval variables
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Laboratory experiments
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Natural or field experiments
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Participant observation
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Posttest
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Operationalize
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Ordinal variables
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Indices
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Control group
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Experiment
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Experimental group
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Reliability
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Field research
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Focus groups
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Hypotheses
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Population
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Convenience sample
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Dependent variable
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Ethnography
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Independent variable
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
In-depth interviews
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Internal Review Boards
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Validity
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Interval variables
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Laboratory experiments
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Natural or field experiments
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Participant observation
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Posttest
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Operationalize
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Ordinal variables
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Indices
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Control group
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Experiment
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Experimental group
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Reliability
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Field research
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Focus groups
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Hypotheses
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Population
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Convenience sample
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Dependent variable
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Ethnography
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Independent variable
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
In-depth interviews
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Internal Review Boards
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Validity
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Interval variables
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Laboratory experiments
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Natural or field experiments
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Participant observation
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Posttest
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Operationalize
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Ordinal variables
Question
Read the vignette and answer the questions that follow.
A sociologist is interested in studying the causes of suicide in society.She begins her research by developing a project in which she asks suicide survivors to discuss their reasons for attempting suicide and the personal and social conditions that led to their decisions to attempt the act.In a second project,she examines another researcher's survey data from a national sample of U.S.citizens.She found that depression is associated with the desire to commit suicide but many people who think about committing suicide never make any attempt to do so.She also found that people who have experienced a stressful life event,such as a job loss or divorce,are more likely to report the desire to commit suicide.
Which method was employed in the first project? The second?
A)in-depth interviews;ethnography
B)in-depth interviews;experiment
C)in-depth interviews;secondary data analysis
D)field methods;secondary data analysis
A sociologist is interested in studying the causes of suicide in society.She begins her research by developing a project in which she asks suicide survivors to discuss their reasons for attempting suicide and the personal and social conditions that led to their decisions to attempt the act.In a second project,she examines another researcher's survey data from a national sample of U.S.citizens.She found that depression is associated with the desire to commit suicide but many people who think about committing suicide never make any attempt to do so.She also found that people who have experienced a stressful life event,such as a job loss or divorce,are more likely to report the desire to commit suicide.
Which method was employed in the first project? The second?
A)in-depth interviews;ethnography
B)in-depth interviews;experiment
C)in-depth interviews;secondary data analysis
D)field methods;secondary data analysis
Question
Read the vignette and answer the questions that follow.
A sociologist is interested in studying the causes of suicide in society.She begins her research by developing a project in which she asks suicide survivors to discuss their reasons for attempting suicide and the personal and social conditions that led to their decisions to attempt the act.In a second project,she examines another researcher's survey data from a national sample of U.S.citizens.She found that depression is associated with the desire to commit suicide but many people who think about committing suicide never make any attempt to do so.She also found that people who have experienced a stressful life event,such as a job loss or divorce,are more likely to report the desire to commit suicide.
Which of the projects would probably be more useful than the other for obtaining deeper insights into the processes associated with decisions to commit suicide? Which project is more representative of the experience of Americans with suicide decisions?
A)project 1;project 2
B)project 2;project 1
C)Both projects are equally insightful and representative.
D)Neither project is terribly insightful nor representative.
A sociologist is interested in studying the causes of suicide in society.She begins her research by developing a project in which she asks suicide survivors to discuss their reasons for attempting suicide and the personal and social conditions that led to their decisions to attempt the act.In a second project,she examines another researcher's survey data from a national sample of U.S.citizens.She found that depression is associated with the desire to commit suicide but many people who think about committing suicide never make any attempt to do so.She also found that people who have experienced a stressful life event,such as a job loss or divorce,are more likely to report the desire to commit suicide.
Which of the projects would probably be more useful than the other for obtaining deeper insights into the processes associated with decisions to commit suicide? Which project is more representative of the experience of Americans with suicide decisions?
A)project 1;project 2
B)project 2;project 1
C)Both projects are equally insightful and representative.
D)Neither project is terribly insightful nor representative.
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Deck 3: Studying People
1
Indices include a series of __________ designed to develop one or more dimensions of a given concept.
A)related questions
B)interval variables
C)statistical equations
D)testable hypotheses
A)related questions
B)interval variables
C)statistical equations
D)testable hypotheses
related questions
1
Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
____ Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
____ A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
____ Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
____ When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
____ A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
____ Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
____ Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
____ The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
____ A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
____ The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
____ A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
____ The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
____ A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
____ Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
____ How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
____ A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
____ Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
____ Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
____ A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
____ A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
____ Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
____ Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
____ A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.____ Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
____ A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
____ Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
____ When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
____ A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
____ Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
____ Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
____ The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
____ A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
____ The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
____ A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
____ The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
____ A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
____ Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
____ How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
____ A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
____ Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
____ Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
____ A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
____ A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
____ Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
____ Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
____ A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.[Answer:B]
____ Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.[Answer:K]
____ A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.[Answer:A]
____ Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.[Answer:R]
____ When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.[Answer:V]
____ A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.[Answer:E]
____ Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.[Answer:T]
____ Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.[Answer:P]
____ The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.[Answer:L]
____ A sample in which any available person is included in the study.[Answer:U]
____ The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.[Answer:H]
____ A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.[Answer:M]
____ The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.[Answer:G]
____ A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.[Answer:Q]
____ Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.[Answer:O]
____ How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.[Answer:W]
____ A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.[Answer:N]
____ Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.[Answer:I]
____ Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.[Answer:J]
____ A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.[Answer:F]
____ A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.[Answer:D]
____ Translating a concept into something that can be measured.[Answer:C]
____ Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.[Answer:S]
____ Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.[Answer:K]
____ A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.[Answer:A]
____ Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.[Answer:R]
____ When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.[Answer:V]
____ A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.[Answer:E]
____ Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.[Answer:T]
____ Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.[Answer:P]
____ The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.[Answer:L]
____ A sample in which any available person is included in the study.[Answer:U]
____ The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.[Answer:H]
____ A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.[Answer:M]
____ The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.[Answer:G]
____ A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.[Answer:Q]
____ Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.[Answer:O]
____ How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.[Answer:W]
____ A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.[Answer:N]
____ Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.[Answer:I]
____ Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.[Answer:J]
____ A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.[Answer:F]
____ A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.[Answer:D]
____ Translating a concept into something that can be measured.[Answer:C]
____ Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.[Answer:S]
2
Humphries' research on the "tearoom trade" was considered controversial because__________.
A)he did not use a snowball sample
B)he studied homosexuality in public places
C)he placed his subjects at risk of emotional and social hardship
D)his research did not use quantitative data
A)he did not use a snowball sample
B)he studied homosexuality in public places
C)he placed his subjects at risk of emotional and social hardship
D)his research did not use quantitative data
he placed his subjects at risk of emotional and social hardship
3
An instructor developed a study to determine ways of producing more participation in her classes.In one class,she provided free doughnuts to students every day,whereas in another she gave them nothing.She had an assistant takes notes on the number of comments and questions students made in each class.Which class represents the control group?
A)the class not given the doughnuts
B)the class given the doughnuts
C)neither the class given nor not given the doughnuts
D)both the class given and not given the doughnuts
A)the class not given the doughnuts
B)the class given the doughnuts
C)neither the class given nor not given the doughnuts
D)both the class given and not given the doughnuts
the class not given the doughnuts
4
In preparing for a survey of country club members,Donella asked the manager of the club for a list of members.This list refers to a __________.
A)random sample
B)probability sample
C)sample list
D)sampling frame
A)random sample
B)probability sample
C)sample list
D)sampling frame
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5
Age is what kind of variable?
A)ordinal
B)nominal
C)rational
D)categorical
A)ordinal
B)nominal
C)rational
D)categorical
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6
Social scientists must always be concerned with __________ in order to accurately capture phenomena in questions.
A)truth and reliability
B)reliability and validity
C)truth and validity
D)probability and validity
A)truth and reliability
B)reliability and validity
C)truth and validity
D)probability and validity
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7
Quantitative research includes __________.
A)experiments and interviews
B)data analysis,surveys,and experiments
C)only surveys
D)data analysis,surveys,and interviews
A)experiments and interviews
B)data analysis,surveys,and experiments
C)only surveys
D)data analysis,surveys,and interviews
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8
Samantha started a research project predicting that men would be more supportive of using military force to go to war than women.In this case,attitudes toward going to war is what kind of variable?
A)an index
B)a scale
C)an independent variable
D)a dependent variable
A)an index
B)a scale
C)an independent variable
D)a dependent variable
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9
Research conducted by interview,participant observation,and ethnography is what kind of research?
A)quantitative
B)qualitative
C)breeching
D)experimental
A)quantitative
B)qualitative
C)breeching
D)experimental
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10
Focus groups include semi structured interviews with small groups,usually of __________ participants.
A)2 to 5
B)6 to 15
C)15 to 25
D)10 to 20
A)2 to 5
B)6 to 15
C)15 to 25
D)10 to 20
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11
You are studying student attitudes toward tobacco and alcohol consumption by asking students to respond to questions using answer categories that range from 1 (strongly agree)to 4 (strongly disagree).These items represent which type of variable?
A)ordinal
B)interval
C)rational
D)categorical
A)ordinal
B)interval
C)rational
D)categorical
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12
Which of the following types of samples is considered most representative of any given population?
A)a random sample
B)a convenience sample
C)a snowball sample
D)either a convenience sample or a snowball sample
A)a random sample
B)a convenience sample
C)a snowball sample
D)either a convenience sample or a snowball sample
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13
What role does the researcher take on in the research technique called "autoethnograpy"?
A)the role of a "co-participant" in the research process,an equal partner in the study
B)the role of an objective observer
C)the role of a data analyst
D)the role of a research controller,who manages events
A)the role of a "co-participant" in the research process,an equal partner in the study
B)the role of an objective observer
C)the role of a data analyst
D)the role of a research controller,who manages events
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14
An instructor asks you to develop a study of the homeless that will provide a great deal of insight into what it is like to be homeless.Given this mandate,which of the following methods would most likely produce the information that you need for such a project?
A)ethnography
B)focus group
C)survey
D)experiment
A)ethnography
B)focus group
C)survey
D)experiment
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15
How are social theories and hypothesis related to one another?
A)Theories include specific statements,whereas hypotheses are more general statements.
B)Theories are an extension of hypotheses.
C)Theories are used to develop hypotheses.
D)Theories use variables but hypotheses do not.
A)Theories include specific statements,whereas hypotheses are more general statements.
B)Theories are an extension of hypotheses.
C)Theories are used to develop hypotheses.
D)Theories use variables but hypotheses do not.
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16
Social psychologist B.F.Skinner developed __________,in which animals learned to press levers to obtain rewards,such as food pellets.
A)the "Skinner box"
B)autoethnography
C)animal testing
D)laboratory experimentation
A)the "Skinner box"
B)autoethnography
C)animal testing
D)laboratory experimentation
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17
Read the vignette and answer the questions that follow.
A sociologist is interested in studying the causes of suicide in society.She begins her research by developing a project in which she asks suicide survivors to discuss their reasons for attempting suicide and the personal and social conditions that led to their decisions to attempt the act.In a second project,she examines another researcher's survey data from a national sample of U.S.citizens.She found that depression is associated with the desire to commit suicide but many people who think about committing suicide never make any attempt to do so.She also found that people who have experienced a stressful life event,such as a job loss or divorce,are more likely to report the desire to commit suicide.
Overall,the research described in the vignette best exemplifies which of the following research techniques?
A)a survey method
B)an experiment
C)a field method
D)a mixed-method approach
A sociologist is interested in studying the causes of suicide in society.She begins her research by developing a project in which she asks suicide survivors to discuss their reasons for attempting suicide and the personal and social conditions that led to their decisions to attempt the act.In a second project,she examines another researcher's survey data from a national sample of U.S.citizens.She found that depression is associated with the desire to commit suicide but many people who think about committing suicide never make any attempt to do so.She also found that people who have experienced a stressful life event,such as a job loss or divorce,are more likely to report the desire to commit suicide.
Overall,the research described in the vignette best exemplifies which of the following research techniques?
A)a survey method
B)an experiment
C)a field method
D)a mixed-method approach
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18
At which step in the research process does the researcher actually go out and collect data?
A)step 1
B)step 2
C)step 3
D)step 4
A)step 1
B)step 2
C)step 3
D)step 4
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19
Which of the following research methods is most likely to demonstrate causal relationships between variables?
A)ethnography
B)focus group
C)survey
D)experiment
A)ethnography
B)focus group
C)survey
D)experiment
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20
At which step in the research process does the researcher conduct a literature review,using the library and other resources?
A)step 1
B)step 2
C)step 3
D)step 4
A)step 1
B)step 2
C)step 3
D)step 4
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21
Match between columns
Premises:
Responses:
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Indices
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Control group
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Experiment
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Experimental group
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Reliability
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Field research
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Focus groups
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Hypotheses
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Population
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Convenience sample
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Dependent variable
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Ethnography
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Independent variable
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
In-depth interviews
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Internal Review Boards
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Validity
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Interval variables
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Laboratory experiments
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Natural or field experiments
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Participant observation
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Posttest
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Operationalize
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semi-structured series of questions.
Ordinal variables
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Indices
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Control group
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Experiment
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Experimental group
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Reliability
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Field research
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Focus groups
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Hypotheses
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Population
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Convenience sample
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Dependent variable
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Ethnography
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Independent variable
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
In-depth interviews
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Internal Review Boards
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Validity
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Interval variables
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Laboratory experiments
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Natural or field experiments
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Participant observation
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Posttest
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Operationalize
Participants in an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.
Ordinal variables
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Indices
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Control group
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Experiment
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Experimental group
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Reliability
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Field research
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Focus groups
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Hypotheses
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Population
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Convenience sample
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Dependent variable
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Ethnography
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Independent variable
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
In-depth interviews
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Internal Review Boards
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Validity
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Interval variables
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Laboratory experiments
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Natural or field experiments
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Participant observation
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Posttest
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Operationalize
A series of related questions designed to measure an underlying concept such as mastery.
Ordinal variables
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Indices
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Control group
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Experiment
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Experimental group
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Reliability
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Field research
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Focus groups
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Hypotheses
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Population
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Convenience sample
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Dependent variable
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Ethnography
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Independent variable
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
In-depth interviews
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Internal Review Boards
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Validity
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Interval variables
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Laboratory experiments
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Natural or field experiments
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Participant observation
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Posttest
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Operationalize
Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.
Ordinal variables
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Indices
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Control group
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Experiment
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Experimental group
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Reliability
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Field research
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Focus groups
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Hypotheses
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Population
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Convenience sample
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Dependent variable
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Ethnography
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Independent variable
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
In-depth interviews
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Internal Review Boards
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Validity
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Interval variables
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Laboratory experiments
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Natural or field experiments
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Participant observation
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Posttest
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Operationalize
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.
Ordinal variables
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Indices
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Control group
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Experiment
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Experimental group
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Reliability
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Field research
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Focus groups
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Hypotheses
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Population
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Convenience sample
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Dependent variable
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Ethnography
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Independent variable
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
In-depth interviews
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Internal Review Boards
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Validity
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Interval variables
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Laboratory experiments
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Natural or field experiments
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Participant observation
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Posttest
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Operationalize
Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.
Ordinal variables
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Indices
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Control group
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Experiment
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Experimental group
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Reliability
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Field research
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Focus groups
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Hypotheses
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Population
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Convenience sample
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Dependent variable
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Ethnography
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Independent variable
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
In-depth interviews
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Internal Review Boards
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Validity
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Interval variables
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Laboratory experiments
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Natural or field experiments
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Participant observation
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Posttest
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Operationalize
Semi-structured interviews with small groups of people.
Ordinal variables
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Indices
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Control group
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Experiment
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Experimental group
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Reliability
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Field research
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Focus groups
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Hypotheses
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Population
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Convenience sample
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Dependent variable
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Ethnography
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Independent variable
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
In-depth interviews
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Internal Review Boards
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Validity
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Interval variables
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Laboratory experiments
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Natural or field experiments
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Participant observation
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Posttest
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Operationalize
The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.
Ordinal variables
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Indices
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Control group
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Experiment
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Experimental group
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Reliability
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Field research
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Focus groups
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Hypotheses
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Population
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Convenience sample
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Dependent variable
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Ethnography
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Independent variable
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
In-depth interviews
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Internal Review Boards
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Validity
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Interval variables
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Laboratory experiments
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Natural or field experiments
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Participant observation
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Posttest
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Operationalize
When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.
Ordinal variables
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Indices
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Control group
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Experiment
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Experimental group
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Reliability
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Field research
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Focus groups
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Hypotheses
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Population
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Convenience sample
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Dependent variable
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Ethnography
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Independent variable
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
In-depth interviews
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Internal Review Boards
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Validity
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Interval variables
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Laboratory experiments
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Natural or field experiments
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Participant observation
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Posttest
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Operationalize
Participants in an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.
Ordinal variables
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Indices
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Control group
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Experiment
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Experimental group
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Reliability
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Field research
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Focus groups
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Hypotheses
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Population
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Convenience sample
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Dependent variable
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Ethnography
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Independent variable
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
In-depth interviews
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Internal Review Boards
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Validity
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Interval variables
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Laboratory experiments
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Natural or field experiments
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Participant observation
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Posttest
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Operationalize
Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.
Ordinal variables
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Indices
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Control group
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Experiment
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Experimental group
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Reliability
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Field research
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Focus groups
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Hypotheses
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Population
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Convenience sample
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Dependent variable
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Ethnography
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Independent variable
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
In-depth interviews
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Internal Review Boards
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Validity
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Interval variables
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Laboratory experiments
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Natural or field experiments
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Participant observation
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Posttest
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Operationalize
A sample in which any available person is included in the study.
Ordinal variables
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Indices
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Control group
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Experiment
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Experimental group
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Reliability
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Field research
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Focus groups
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Hypotheses
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Population
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Convenience sample
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Dependent variable
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Ethnography
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Independent variable
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
In-depth interviews
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Internal Review Boards
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Validity
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Interval variables
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Laboratory experiments
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Natural or field experiments
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Participant observation
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Posttest
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Operationalize
How valid or accurate the findings of the study are.
Ordinal variables
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Indices
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Control group
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Experiment
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Experimental group
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Reliability
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Field research
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Focus groups
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Hypotheses
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Population
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Convenience sample
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Dependent variable
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Ethnography
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Independent variable
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
In-depth interviews
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Internal Review Boards
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Validity
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Interval variables
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Laboratory experiments
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Natural or field experiments
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Participant observation
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Posttest
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Operationalize
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.
Ordinal variables
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Indices
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Control group
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Experiment
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Experimental group
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Reliability
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Field research
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Focus groups
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Hypotheses
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Population
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Convenience sample
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Dependent variable
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Ethnography
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Independent variable
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
In-depth interviews
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Internal Review Boards
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Validity
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Interval variables
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Laboratory experiments
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Natural or field experiments
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Participant observation
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Posttest
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Operationalize
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.
Ordinal variables
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Indices
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Control group
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Experiment
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Experimental group
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Reliability
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Field research
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Focus groups
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Hypotheses
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Population
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Convenience sample
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Dependent variable
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Ethnography
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Independent variable
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
In-depth interviews
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Internal Review Boards
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Validity
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Interval variables
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Laboratory experiments
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Natural or field experiments
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Participant observation
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Posttest
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Operationalize
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.
Ordinal variables
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Indices
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Control group
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Experiment
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Experimental group
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Reliability
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Field research
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Focus groups
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Hypotheses
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Population
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Convenience sample
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Dependent variable
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Ethnography
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Independent variable
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
In-depth interviews
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Internal Review Boards
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Validity
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Interval variables
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Laboratory experiments
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Natural or field experiments
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Participant observation
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Posttest
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Operationalize
Translating a concept into something that can be measured.
Ordinal variables
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Indices
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Control group
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Experiment
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Experimental group
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Reliability
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Field research
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Focus groups
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Hypotheses
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Population
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Convenience sample
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Dependent variable
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Ethnography
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Independent variable
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
In-depth interviews
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Internal Review Boards
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Validity
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Interval variables
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Laboratory experiments
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Natural or field experiments
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Participant observation
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Posttest
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Operationalize
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
Ordinal variables
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Indices
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Control group
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Experiment
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Experimental group
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Reliability
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Field research
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Focus groups
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Hypotheses
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Population
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Convenience sample
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Dependent variable
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Ethnography
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Independent variable
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
In-depth interviews
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Internal Review Boards
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Validity
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Interval variables
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Laboratory experiments
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Natural or field experiments
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Participant observation
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Posttest
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Operationalize
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.
Ordinal variables
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Indices
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Control group
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Experiment
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Experimental group
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Reliability
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Field research
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Focus groups
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Hypotheses
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Population
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Convenience sample
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Dependent variable
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Ethnography
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Independent variable
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
In-depth interviews
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Internal Review Boards
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Validity
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Interval variables
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Laboratory experiments
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Natural or field experiments
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Participant observation
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Posttest
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Operationalize
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.
Ordinal variables
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Indices
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Control group
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Experiment
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Experimental group
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Reliability
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Field research
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Focus groups
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Hypotheses
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Population
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Convenience sample
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Dependent variable
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Ethnography
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Independent variable
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
In-depth interviews
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Internal Review Boards
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Validity
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Interval variables
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Laboratory experiments
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Natural or field experiments
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Participant observation
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Posttest
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Operationalize
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.
Ordinal variables
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Indices
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Control group
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Experiment
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Experimental group
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Reliability
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Field research
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Focus groups
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Hypotheses
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Population
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Convenience sample
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Dependent variable
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Ethnography
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Independent variable
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
In-depth interviews
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Internal Review Boards
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Validity
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Interval variables
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Laboratory experiments
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Natural or field experiments
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Participant observation
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Posttest
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Operationalize
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
Ordinal variables
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Indices
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Control group
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Experiment
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Experimental group
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Reliability
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Field research
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Focus groups
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Hypotheses
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Population
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Convenience sample
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Dependent variable
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Ethnography
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Independent variable
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
In-depth interviews
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Internal Review Boards
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Validity
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Interval variables
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Laboratory experiments
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Natural or field experiments
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Participant observation
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Posttest
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Operationalize
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.
Ordinal variables
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22
Read the vignette and answer the questions that follow.
A sociologist is interested in studying the causes of suicide in society.She begins her research by developing a project in which she asks suicide survivors to discuss their reasons for attempting suicide and the personal and social conditions that led to their decisions to attempt the act.In a second project,she examines another researcher's survey data from a national sample of U.S.citizens.She found that depression is associated with the desire to commit suicide but many people who think about committing suicide never make any attempt to do so.She also found that people who have experienced a stressful life event,such as a job loss or divorce,are more likely to report the desire to commit suicide.
Which method was employed in the first project? The second?
A)in-depth interviews;ethnography
B)in-depth interviews;experiment
C)in-depth interviews;secondary data analysis
D)field methods;secondary data analysis
A sociologist is interested in studying the causes of suicide in society.She begins her research by developing a project in which she asks suicide survivors to discuss their reasons for attempting suicide and the personal and social conditions that led to their decisions to attempt the act.In a second project,she examines another researcher's survey data from a national sample of U.S.citizens.She found that depression is associated with the desire to commit suicide but many people who think about committing suicide never make any attempt to do so.She also found that people who have experienced a stressful life event,such as a job loss or divorce,are more likely to report the desire to commit suicide.
Which method was employed in the first project? The second?
A)in-depth interviews;ethnography
B)in-depth interviews;experiment
C)in-depth interviews;secondary data analysis
D)field methods;secondary data analysis
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Unlock for access to all 24 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
23
Read the vignette and answer the questions that follow.
A sociologist is interested in studying the causes of suicide in society.She begins her research by developing a project in which she asks suicide survivors to discuss their reasons for attempting suicide and the personal and social conditions that led to their decisions to attempt the act.In a second project,she examines another researcher's survey data from a national sample of U.S.citizens.She found that depression is associated with the desire to commit suicide but many people who think about committing suicide never make any attempt to do so.She also found that people who have experienced a stressful life event,such as a job loss or divorce,are more likely to report the desire to commit suicide.
Which of the projects would probably be more useful than the other for obtaining deeper insights into the processes associated with decisions to commit suicide? Which project is more representative of the experience of Americans with suicide decisions?
A)project 1;project 2
B)project 2;project 1
C)Both projects are equally insightful and representative.
D)Neither project is terribly insightful nor representative.
A sociologist is interested in studying the causes of suicide in society.She begins her research by developing a project in which she asks suicide survivors to discuss their reasons for attempting suicide and the personal and social conditions that led to their decisions to attempt the act.In a second project,she examines another researcher's survey data from a national sample of U.S.citizens.She found that depression is associated with the desire to commit suicide but many people who think about committing suicide never make any attempt to do so.She also found that people who have experienced a stressful life event,such as a job loss or divorce,are more likely to report the desire to commit suicide.
Which of the projects would probably be more useful than the other for obtaining deeper insights into the processes associated with decisions to commit suicide? Which project is more representative of the experience of Americans with suicide decisions?
A)project 1;project 2
B)project 2;project 1
C)Both projects are equally insightful and representative.
D)Neither project is terribly insightful nor representative.
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Unlock for access to all 24 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 24 flashcards in this deck.
