Deck 5: Physical Development and Health in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Question 1

Mary couldn't believe that her child had grown a half inch overnight.Worried,she took him to the pediatrician who told her

A) he has too much growth hormone.
B) he is eating too much.
C) it is genetic.
D) he is normal.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

David is learning how to run and jump.He is using his ________motor skills.

A) gross
B) fine
C) small
D) energetic

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Jamie is currently growing and changing so much his Mom can't believe it.He is most likely _________ years old.

A) 0-2
B) 4-6
C) 8-10
D) 12-14

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Judy's baby weighed 7 lbs and 9 oz at birth.By the end of the first week the baby weighed 7lbs 3 oz and she rushed to the doctor.The doctor said

A) "you need to feed this baby!"
B) "All babies lose weight the first week"
C) "Does someone smoke in your home?"
D) "You should supplement with formula"

Question 5

One of the most reliable measures of a baby's health and development is

A) head circumference.
B) height.
C) weight.
D) length.

Question 6

Most babies ____________ their birth weight by the end of the first year.

A) double
B) triple
C) quadruple
D) It's hard to say because of individual variability.

Question 7

This chapter introduces a framework proposed by __________ University to understand the importance of health in children's development.

A) Yale
B) Harvard
C) MIT
D) New York

Question 8

Which period of life has the most dramatic growth?

A) the first 2 years
B) 6-8
C) 10-12
D) 14-16

Question 9

Jenny is worried because her 3-month-old isn't rolling over yet like her friends' baby.She asks you what to do.You say.

A) "Take her to the doctor now!"
B) "Make her practice the skill several hours every day."
C) "No worries. Most babies don't do that until about 4 ½ months."
D) "She is as spastic as you are!"

Question 10

Physical growth also proceeds from inside to outside; or near to far.This is called

A) proximodistal.
B) cephalocaudal.
C) differentiation.
D) asynchrony

Question 11

All babies are expected to hit their motor milestones at the same time.

Question 12

Children grow in spurts,not at a steady rate.This is known as _________ growth.

A) proximodistal
B) cephalocaudal
C) differentiation
D) asynchronous

Question 13

Physical growth proceeds from head to toe.This is known as ______________.

A) proximodistal
B) cephalocaudal
C) differentiation
D) asynchrony

Question 14

The Harvard model is similar to ______________'s model of development.

A) Piaget
B) Erickson
C) Vygotsky
D) Bronfenbrenner

Question 15

By the end of the first year,most babies have increased in length by ** note removal of blank space in question sentence)**

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) One can't predict.

Question 16

___________development refers to changes in size and structure,while ____________development refers to abilities like reaching,walking and sitting.

A) Physical; motor
B) Motor; physical
C) Cephalocaudal; proximodistal
D) Proximodistal; cephalocaudal

Question 17

Motor milestone tables are often used to identify developmental delays.

Question 18

Baby Sarah learns to control her head before she can sit up.This is an example of ______________ growth.

A) proximodistal
B) cephalocaudal
C) multidirectional
D) pre reaching

Question 19

Many of the most chronic disease in adults have their roots in the first years of life,

Question 20

Learning to walk requires a lot of practice.An average toddler will have walked ______________ by the end of a day.

A) 29 feet
B) 29 meters
C) 29 football fields
D) 29 miles

Question 21

Which is the usual order of milestone attainment?

A) sitting unaided, sitting with support, walking, standing, climbing
B) sitting with support, sitting unaided, standing, walking, climbing
C) sitting with support, sitting unaided, walking, standing, climbing
D) sitting unaided, sitting with support, climbing, walking, standing

Question 22

Research shows that children who have problems in __________ will also have problems with _____________.

A) vision; hearing
B) speech; touch
C) hearing; speech
D) smell; speech

Question 23

Jeremy began crawling at 5 months,but Sam still isn't crawling at 10 months.Is Sam normal?

A) No, he must be delayed.
B) Yes, his parents must not let him out of the crib much.
C) Yes, variations like this between children are perfectly normal.
D) No, he should have a physical examination.

Question 24

The baby's brain grows dramatically after birth mainly due to the formation of

A) more neurons.
B) more gray matter.
C) more white matter.
D) more neural connections.

Question 25

Color vision is also slow to develop like acuity.

Question 26

Neurologically,one way the infant learns to imitate is through

A) observational learning.
B) modeling.
C) mirror neurons.
D) synapses.

Question 27

_____________ involves detecting and discriminating information and _________ involves interpreting the information so it makes sense.

A) Perception; sensation
B) Sensation; perception
C) Touch; vision
D) Hearing; touch

Question 28

Research shows that infants can focus well on________________ which is are) about 10-12 inches away.

A) toys
B) the face of the one holding them
C) the mobile over the crib
D) all of the above

Question 29

One way we learned about when babies develop depth perception was

A) by examining how and when they fell.
B) counting the number of objects bumped into in a day.
C) the visual cliff experiment.
D) vision evaluations by doctors.

Question 30

The way a brain develops depends on

A) genetics.
B) education.
C) teaching.
D) experience.

Question 31

What is an affordance?

A) toys and opportunities parents can afford for their child
B) opportunities for exploration
C) visual acuity
D) perceptual skills

Question 32

The phrase "if you don't use it you lose it" is certainly true regarding brain development.

Question 33

Babies are born with poor vision,but by about _________ it is almost normal at 20/30.

A) 3 months
B) 8 months
C) 1 year
D) 2 years

Question 34

Which theory of motor development says motor skills develop automatically because they are genetically predetermined?

A) maturational
B) dynamic
C) evolutionary
D) longitudinal

Question 35

Much of the brain was mapped by Dr.Penfield,who operated on fully conscious subjects so that they could report their experience to him during the surgery.

Question 36

The motor map of the brain is called a homunculus because

A) it is a cool word that means motor map of a human.
B) it resembles a small but disproportionate person.
C) it is proportional to the size of the body part represented.
D) it means large person.

Question 37

At birth,an infant's visual acuity is about

A) 20/20.
B) 20/40.
C) 20/10.
D) 20/400.

Question 38

Between birth and age 3 the brain _____________ in weight.

A) doubles
B) triples
C) quadruples
D) increases but quantity isn't known

Question 39

Which theory of motor development views infant motor skills as a complex system of interacting components?

A) maturational
B) dynamic
C) evolutionary
D) longitudinal

Question 40

Babies attend most to visual stimuli with

A) pastels.
B) high contrast.
C) rigid borders.
D) primary colors.

Question 41

Why did the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend putting babies to sleep on their backs?

A) so that they can breathe easier
B) so that they can improve their visual skills by watching their mobile
C) so that they can make eye contact
D) so that the risk of Sudden Infant Death syndrome can be reduced

Question 42

Janelle is 2 months old and not gaining weight.She is rarely held,talked to,or changed.She is most likely suffering from _______________.

A) organic failure to thrive
B) non-organic failure to thrive
C) malnutrition
D) abuse

Question 43

_________________ contributes to more than half of deaths of children worldwide.

A) HIV/AIDS
B) Malnutrition
C) Kwashiorkor
D) Marasmus

Question 44

Discuss the benefits of feeding a baby breastmilk versus formula.t

Question 45

Childhood hunger and malnutrition are widespread in the United States.

Question 46

It is not until about __________ of age that children can self-feed fairly neatly.

A) 9 months
B) 12 months
C) 18 months
D) 24 months

Question 47

Recent studies suggest that putting a child to sleep on his back may

A) cause the child to choke on his own spit up.
B) delay gross motor milestones.
C) cause a bald spot on the back of the head.
D) improve vision.

Question 48

BMI is an abbreviation for

A) basic metabolism index.
B) body mass index.
C) bulimic metabolic indicator.
D) basary metabolic indicator.

Question 49

One of the most common nutritional deficiencies in the world is __________ deficiency.

A) calcium
B) mineral
C) iron
D) sodium

Question 50

"Cells that fire together,wire together."

Question 51

The first baby teeth usually make an appearance around

A) 3 months.
B) 6 months.
C) 8 months.
D) 1 year.

Question 52

Explain the type of physical environment children need in order to thrive in their early years.

Question 53

______________ is the process by which unused synaptic connections are eliminated so that neural processing is streamlined.

A) Neural reduction
B) Pruning
C) Redistribution
D) Neural elimination

Question 54

_____________ is a type of malnutrition that stems from a lack of protein in the diet.

A) Kwashiorkor
B) Marasmus
C) Deprivation
D) Extreme malnutrition

Question 55

Eight- month-old Stephen prefers throwing his food to eating it.Is this normal?

A) Yes it is, for a 3-month-old.
B) No, he should be feeding himself by that age.
C) Yes; he is delayed.
D) Absolutely. He is learning about himself and the world around him.

Question 56

Childhood obesity is defined as a BMI above the ___________ percentile.

A) 65th
B) 75th
C) 85th
D) 95th

Question 57

Although many connections are made in infancy,many synaptic connections are also eliminated.

Question 58

Malnutrition is associated with

A) poor brain development.
B) lack of motor skills.
C) slow cognitive development.
D) all of these.

Question 59

Discuss the different forms and cultural issues surrounding co-sleeping.

Question 60

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that babies be fed __________ exclusively the first __________months of life.

A) formula; 6
B) breastmilk; 6
C) formula; 12
D) breatmilk;1 2

Question 61

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is usually fatal.

Question 62

Traditionally reared infants in Africa tend to reach many motor milestones earlier than is typically true in the United States.

Question 63

Discuss the features of a good day-care center.

Question 64

Parents have to achieve a healthy balance between ___________ _________ to protect and encourage their children's development.

A) safety and challenge
B) right and wrong
C) discipline and punishment
D) spanking and time out

Question 65

One of the reasons parents say "no" so often to their babies and toddlers is

A) to show who is boss.
B) for safety.
C) to teach them to listen.
D) because their parents did.

Question 66

The most common fatal genetic disorder diagnosed in childhood is ______________.

A) cerebral palsy
B) Down syndrome
C) muscular dystrophy
D) Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question 67

The most frequent genetic cause of mild to moderate mental retardation is

A) PKU.
B) Rubella.
C) Down syndrome.
D) Turner's syndrome.

Question 68

One of the most essential infant products a parent can get is

A) a baby walker
B) a pacifier
C) infant restraint seats
D) a cribs

Question 69

___________ is/are the leading cause of death for children aged 1 year or older.

A) Falls
B) Car wrecks
C) Child abuse
D) SIDS

Question 70

In what culture is motor development in infants discouraged?

A) Zinacanteco Indian
B) Kipsigis
C) European
D) American

Question 71

____________ is a broad term for a group of more than 30 diseases that cause muscle to degenerate and weaken.

A) Cerebral palsy
B) Scoliosis
C) Muscular dystrophy
D) Down syndrome

Question 72

Who is more likely to attain gross motor skills significantly later according to a research study?

A) John from the United States
B) Jon from England
C) Kip from Kenya
D) Tomoko from Japan

Question 73

____________ can be described as a group of permanent disorders in the development of movement and posture.

A) Cerebral palsy
B) Scoliosis
C) Muscular dystrophy
D) Down syndrome

Question 74

A health report conducted in Massachusetts found that ______% of observed child centers failed to meet minimal standards for personal care routines.

A) 40
B) 60
C) 70
D) 90

Question 75

How many states require that infants and younger children must be restrained in a crash-tested child restraint seat while riding in a motor vehicle?

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50

Question 76

Medications and therapy can cure muscular dystrophy,

Question 77

What are the four components of a well-child visit?

A) assessment, education, intervention, care coordination
B) evaluation, inoculation, assessment, care coordination
C) vaccination, evaluation, intervention, assessment
D) comparison, developmental milestone check, height and weight charting, vaccinations.

Question 78

A baby from the ________ culture is more likely to develop motor skills at an early age.

A) American
B) Zinacanteco Indian
C) Austrian
D) Kipsigis

Question 79

__________________ have been found to be responsible for more baby injuries than any other product.

A) Car seats
B) Baby walkers
C) Pacifiers
D) Johnny jump-ups

Question 80

____________ is the most common cause of long-term motor function impairment,with a frequency of about 1 in 500 births.

A) Muscular dystrophy
B) Cerebral palsy
C) Down syndrome
D) Scoliosis