Deck 13: Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Question 1

According to the research cited in your text,if babies in the womb are exposed to ________ or ________ they have a much higher incidence of aggressive behavior.

A) caffeine; cigarettes
B) cocaine; nicotine
C) stimulant medications; cocaine
D) caffeine; nicotine

Answer 1

B

Question 2

If you are busy,active,diligent,and absorbed,Erikson would say you are ___________.

A) autonomous
B) industrious
C) tired
D) generative

Answer 2

B

Question 3

___________ focused coping usually reduces stress.

A) Emotion-
B) Problem-
C) Feeling-
D) Empathy-

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Children who can understand other people's feelings are less likely to behave aggressively.

Question 5

__________ focused coping is directed at regulating emotional responses to the situation.

A) Emotion-
B) Problem-
C) Feeling-
D) Empathy-

Question 6

A person's effort to manage stressful situations is known as ____________.

A) coping
B) a good thing
C) managing
D) overeating

Question 7

____________ focused coping is directed at changing the situation.

A) Emotion-
B) Problem-
C) Spiritual-
D) Empathy-

Question 8

Jeremiah got a gift for his birthday that he thought was really stupid.But since he has good manners and has learned _____________ he smiled and said thank you.

A) fear of reprisal
B) emotional display rules
C) social skills
D) Grandma gives more if you are nice to her

Question 9

__________ aggression is aimed at achieving a goal.

A) Hostile
B) Relational
C) Instrumental
D) Nonverbal

Question 10

Prosocial behavior and altruism are the same concept.

Question 11

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory,children in the middle-childhood ages are in what stage?

A) initiative versus guilt
B) industry versus inferiority
C) identity versus role confusion
D) intimacy versus isolation

Question 12

Assertive behavior and aggressive behavior are synonyms.

Question 13

The greatest increase in violence among children who played violent video games were _____________.

A) in kids who played more than 5 hours a day
B) in kids whose parents did not monitor their media use
C) in kids who play online
D) in kids whose parents played games with them

Question 14

Bill gets teased a lot by his peers because of his poor reading skills.According to Erikson,he probably feels_____________.

A) guilt
B) shame
C) inferiority
D) despair

Question 15

In fourth grade Tom had a hot temper and could not control his anger physically or verbally.By the time he is in high school we could predict that Tom_________________.

A) will have calmed down a lot
B) is skipping school and shoplifts
C) is an honor student
D) has many friends and is popular

Question 16

Which type of aggression is more common in middle childhood?

A) instrumental
B) hostile
C) relational
D) nonverbal

Question 17

Pam is spreading gossip at school aimed at hurting and humiliating Sarah.This is an example of ________________ aggression.

A) hostile
B) instrumental
C) relational
D) nonverbal

Question 18

Research on children who play violent video games Anderson et al.,2007) found that ___________.

A) there was no influence on behavior
B) they were more prosocial
C) physical aggression increased
D) girls became more violent

Question 19

Bob has friends and views himself as a competent learner.Erikson says he will be __________.

A) autonomous
B) industrious
C) intimate
D) friendly

Question 20

____________ aggression is intended to cause another harm.

A) Hostile
B) Relational
C) Instrumental
D) Verbal

Question 21

Eight-year-old Jeff's Dad tells him he is a clod and will never amount to anything.Jeff

A) stands up to him and tells him he is wrong.
B) believes him and feels bad about himself.
C) tries to prove him wrong.
D) thinks his dad may need therapy.

Question 22

Children begin to think more logically and to use inner speech to help them solve problems during ______________.

A) adolescence
B) 4-8 shift
C) preadolescence
D) 5-7 shift

Question 23

As children become more logical and less egocentric,they also become ______________.

A) academically stronger
B) more prosocial
C) more fun to be with
D) happier

Question 24

Eight-year-old Jimmy would prefer to play___________.

A) Barbie's with Mary
B) Barbie's with Sam
C) Baseball with John and the guys
D) dress up with his sister

Question 25

In middle childhood why do children act prosocially?

A) to avoid punishment
B) because of an internalized moral code
C) to get a reward
D) some of both A and B

Question 26

Research on the Self-Perception Profile for Children demonstrates that self-esteem ____________.

A) in a child is stable across the domains
B) varies based on age
C) can vary widely within a child across the domains
D) cannot really be measured

Question 27

Authoritative parents tend to have children who ______________.

A) are rebellious
B) have negative self esteem
C) are passive
D) have positive self esteem

Question 28

Discuss the changes in thinking about gender that occurs during middle childhood.

Question 29

During middle childhood,children believe their own gender is better than the other.

Question 30

Prosocial children tend to have the following characteristics:

A) consistency, sociability, and cognition
B) adjustment, sociability, and consistency
C) kindness, empathy, and sociability
D) cognition, empathy, and consistency

Question 31

Discuss the five areas Susan Harter identified as vital to a child's self-esteem during middle childhood.

Question 32

A questionnaire designed for children ages 8 and older that contains questions related to each of the five areas of competence based on Harter's research is called the____________.

A) Tennessee Self-Concept Scale
B) Self-Perception Profile for Children
C) MMPI
D) Beck Depression Inventory

Question 33

Psychologist ____________ came up with dividing the self into two distinct parts.

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Erik Erikson
C) Jean Piaget
D) William James

Question 34

David describes himself as "nice and friendly"; he is portably about how old?

A) 2 years
B) 3 years
C) 5 years
D) 9 years

Question 35

Nine-year-old Millie says she is good at reading; she has a big nose but has good friends.She is demonstrating _________.

A) self-competence
B) negative attributions
C) domain-specific attributions
D) self-perception

Question 36

The object of the I-self's thinking is the _________.

A) You-self
B) I-self
C) Me-self
D) Other-self

Question 37

The two psychological divisions of the self are called the ________.

A) You-self and me-self
B) I-self and me-self
C) I-self and you-self
D) Thee-self and Thou-self

Question 38

Sam has noticed that John runs faster than he can and is better at baseball.Sam is __________.

A) in need of therapy
B) using social comparison
C) overweight
D) jealous

Question 39

The way that boys and girls in middle childhood think about the opposite gender makes _________________ a necessary precaution.

A) gender-segregated classrooms
B) cootie shots
C) lectures on gender differences
D) segregated recess

Question 40

Social comparison can impact self-esteem.

Question 41

Explain the differences in reasoning required in first- and second-order false beliefs.

Question 42

Being shy can be

A) girls
B) boys
C) children of single parents
D) obese children

Question 43

A brain network involved in interpreting facial expressions is the ___________mode.

A) affective
B) cognitive
C) detection
D) regulatory

Question 44

The ability to recognize the perspectives of others is influenced by the ___________mode.

A) affective
B) cognitive
C) detection
D) cognitive-regulatory

Question 45

By about age ________ children can usually understand a second-order belief correctly.

A) 5
B) 7
C) 10
D) 12

Question 46

Shy children tend to have low self-esteem.

Question 47

A first-order false belief is

A) believing that only one thing is incorrect.
B) children making inferences about someone else's incorrect belief about a fact.
C) a belief about another person's belief.
D) an incorrect belief about someone else's' emotions.

Question 48

When a child is mentally able to "walk in another's shoes," Selman says they are in stage ___________ of social perspective taking.

A) 0 Egocentric viewpoint
B) 1 Social-informational
C) 2 Self -reflective
D) 3 Mutual perspective taking

Question 49

Some parts of the brain control aspects of social skills and processing.

Question 50

Modeling,coaching,and problem solving are methods for ______________.

A) helping shy children improve their social skills
B) teaching athletic skills
C) overcoming learning disabilities
D) aiding autistic children

Question 51

Discuss the two kinds of popularity in middle childhood.

Question 52

According to Robert Selman,one ability that improves during middle childhood is ___________.

A) social perspective taking
B) empathy
C) friendships
D) relationship satisfaction

Question 53

As shy children enter adolescence,they become_________________.

A) less shy
B) more extroverted
C) increasingly more anxious
D) more adept at finding friends

Question 54

Explain how the Social Information Processing Model could help children who are having

Question 55

Children who are well liked by peers because they are kind and fun to be with are described as having ______________.

A) popularity-by-decency
B) popularity-by-dominance
C) popularity-by-demand
D) popularity-by-democracy

Question 56

Crick and Dodge propose one way to help children who are having

A) group counseling
B) peer modeling
C) role play
D) the Social Information Processing Model

Question 57

When a shy child does make a friend it is usually with_____________.

A) another shy child
B) an extroverted child
C) They don't-they tend to isolate themselves.
D) an adult

Question 58

A second order belief is

A) believing only one thing is incorrect.
B) children making inferences about someone else's incorrect belief about a fact.
C) a belief about another person's belief.
D) an incorrect belief about someone else's' emotions.

Question 59

Research shows that parents should _____________ to develop their child's self-esteem and help them to have positive relationships.

A) lavish praise
B) only offer critiques so they can improve
C) give honest evaluations and support
D) only give children easily attainable jobs

Question 60

Children who have better use of ____________ are more successful with second-order false belief tasks.

A) language
B) emotions
C) peers
D) social skills

Question 61

The three dimensions of parenting found to be important during middle childhood are:

A) support, discipline, and empathy
B) support, behavioral control, and psychological control
C) home environment, attitude, and acceptance
D) variety, support, and nurturance

Question 62

The category of childhood social status that is most likely to change is ___________.

A) popular
B) rejected
C) neglected
D) ignored

Question 63

Discuss the ramifications of divorce for the children and the factors that can make the adjustment easier or more

Question 64

Brain scans of adults who feel rejected have neural activity in the regions of the brain associated with ________.

A) fear
B) pain
C) anxiety
D) nausea

Question 65

Which one of the three dimensions of parenting during middle childhood is most likely to result in negative child behavior?

A) behavioral control
B) support and responsiveness
C) discipline
D) psychological control

Question 66

After a parental divorce,boys tend to show ______________.

A) internalizing problems
B) externalizing problems
C) no problems
D) increase in happiness

Question 67

The __________dimension of a sibling relationship includes nurturance and companionship.

A) Warmth
B) Power
C) Intimacy
D) Privilege

Question 68

All states now require parents to attend post-divorce parenting classes.

Question 69

What are a parent's three roles according to the tripartite model?

A) interactive partner, indirect instructor, opportunity provider
B) interactive partner, direct instructor, opportunity provider
C) healer, teacher, friend
D) nurturer, teacher, mentor

Question 70

Popular children tend not to be __________.

A) loud
B) bossy
C) egocentric
D) braggarts

Question 71

Discuss the three dimensions of parenting found to be especially important during middle childhood.

Question 72

Children who are not liked by their peers are classified as _____________.

A) neglected
B) rejected
C) popular-by-dominance
D) bottom feeders

Question 73

Sibling rivalry is a myth.

Question 74

One of life's longest lasting relationships is usually with ___________.

A) parents
B) siblings
C) friends
D) grandparents

Question 75

One successful intervention in helping rejected children to be accepted by their peers is _______.

A) individual counseling for the rejected child
B) counseling for the popular peers to be more understanding
C) having the whole classroom play cooperative games
D) group therapy for all the rejected students

Question 76

Discuss the roles parents play in a child's life according to the tripartite model.

Question 77

After a parental divorce,girls tend to display ________________.

A) internalizing problems
B) externalizing problems
C) no problems
D) an increase in happiness

Question 78

Freddie is larger and louder than his fourth-grade peers.Other students hang around him and want to play with him.Freddie has___________.

A) popularity-by-decency
B) popularity-by-dominance
C) traits of a bully
D) friends by fear

Question 79

Research shows that the effects of parental divorce on children are_____________.

A) nonsignificant
B) hard only for boys
C) hard only for girls
D) difficult for both boys and girls

Question 80

Children who stay rejected or neglected are likely to _____________.

A) act out aggressively
B) start smoking
C) change
D) develop mental health problems