Deck 16: Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

Question 1

During high school,Alex came out as gay.Since he came out,he has experienced multiple aggressions toward him,due to his sexual orientation.What are some of the types of problems Alex may encounter?

A) His peers may refuse to speak with him or hang out with him.
B) His family refuses to support him in his decision.
C) He experiences taunting at school and is on the receiving in of rude jokes and comments.
D) All of these.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Identity is defined as

A) the name you are assigned at birth.
B) the culture into which one is born.
C) an organized sense of self.
D) the belief that one can control's one's destiny.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which theorist first identified the connection between the achievement of identity and psychosocial development?

A) Erikson
B) Jung
C) Freud
D) Marcia

Answer 3

A

Question 4

According to Helms,which adolescent is less likely to explore the role of race in his or her life,without encountering anyone of another race?

A) a 15-year-old white female
B) a 15-year-old Hispanic female
C) both A and B. All adolescents have a sense of racial identity, regardless of racial affiliation.
D) neither A nor B. All adolescents must interact with one another to begin to develop a sense of racial identity.

Question 5

A crisis is the result of

A) two clashing extremes.
B) the clashing of identity achievement and identity confusion.
C) none of these.
D) Both A and B.

Question 6

Young adults with an achieved identity

A) demonstrate positive psychological adjustment.
B) perform well in school.
C) have healthy relationships within their immediate family.
D) All of these.

Question 7

Ashleigh was discovered out past curfew.As a first-time offender with a minor offense,she was ordered to

A) appear before a judge.
B) attend an after-school program.
C) appear before a peer court.
D) apologize to her parents.

Question 8

Identity is comprised of multiple parts.

Question 9

The terms racial identity and ethnic identity are interchangeable.

Question 10

Adam is a 17-year-old white male.When asked how his view of race influences his perception of people he interacts with on a daily basis,he responded: "I don't notice what race a person is." According to Helms's model,what phase and classification is Adam demonstrating?

A) Phase 1, Contact
B) Phase 1, Pseudo-Independence
C) Phase 2, Contact
D) Phase 2, Pseudo-Independence

Question 11

In Phinney's model,during which stages) of development would an adolescent most likely experience a positive psychological well-being?

A) unexamined ethnic identity
B) ethnic Identity search
C) ethnic Identity achievement
D) Both B and C

Question 12

According to Phinney,which stage of development is vital to adolescents' development of a sense of ethnic identity?

A) unexamined ethnic identity
B) ethnic identity search
C) ethnic identity achievement
D) All are equally important.

Question 13

According to Marcia,identity development consists of

A) adventure and fulfillment.
B) exploration and commitment.
C) achievement and confusion.
D) success and failure.

Question 14

Most adolescents will disclose their sexual orientation during their mid- to late teens.

Question 15

11Ethnicity and ethnic identity are one and the same.

Question 16

A peer court consists of

A) local law enforcement officers.
B) community leaders.
C) school personnel.
D) both B and C.

Question 17

Ethnicity and race contribute to one's identity.

Question 18

19 What is the immigrant paradox,and how does it affect first-,second-,and third-generation immigrants,and why?

Question 19

Identity crisis is comprised of both

A) dangers and opportunities.
B) triumphs and failures.
C) achievement and confusion.
D) Both A and C.

Question 20

Race is defined by

A) the genetic makeup of an individual.
B) society.
C) the culture into which one is born.
D) the culture in which one is raised.

Question 21

According to the text,which of the following can be a milestone for sexual minorities?

A) awareness of sexual orientation
B) sexual contact with a member of same sex
C) public disclosure of sexual orientation
D) All of these

Question 22

One's identity is comprised of

A) race.
B) ethnicity.
C) sexual identity
D) All of these.

Question 23

According to a 2002 study,at what average age did adolescents who were gay become aware of their sexual orientation?

A) 9 years old
B) 9.5 years old
C) 10 years old
D) 10.5 years

Question 24

Generally,adolescents experience more conflict with their

A) mother.
B) father.
C) siblings.
D) peers.

Question 25

A parenting style that consists of low levels of acceptance and warmth along with high levels of coercion and punishment.

A) authoritarian
B) permissive
C) authoritative
D) uninvolved

Question 26

"Storm and stress" refers to

A) the belief that adolescents should distance themselves aggressively from their parents.
B) the natural tension that exists between parents and teenagers.
C) an adolescent's struggle to handle peer pressure.
D) the difficult transitioning from childhood to adulthood.

Question 27

A healthy parent-adolescent relationship consists of

A) warmth.
B) acceptance.
C) social responsibility.
D) All of these.

Question 28

According to a 2002 study,at what age did adolescents who were lesbian have their first sexual contact with a member of the same sex?

A) 15.5 years old
B) 16 years old
C) 16.5 years old
D) 17 years old

Question 29

Adolescent: I am going to borrow the car to get to school in the morning. Parent: You need to ask,not tell me what you are going to do.You can call a friend to pick you up.
Adolescent: It's too late to call my friends! Why can't I just borrow the car?
Parent: Because you need to learn to respect property and ask for something you need.You can ride the bus if you can't do that.
Adolescent: Fine! Walks off and slams the door to their room.)
This dialogue most likely demonstrates an)

A) transactional model.
B) discussion.
C) argument.
D) disagreement.

Question 30

At 16 years of age,Tyson is beginning to develop a sense of autonomy.He dresses as he wants to and chooses where to hang out after school.Yet,in regards to medical issues and social conventions Tyson is more apt to adhere to ______ authority.

A) church
B) physician
C) parental
D) familial

Question 31

Conflict always results in poor outcomes.

Question 32

The ___________ parenting style is associated more with positive development than other parenting styles.

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) permissive
D) uninvolved

Question 33

According to a 2002 study,at what age did adolescents who were bisexual disclose their sexual orientation?

A) 16 years old
B) 16.5 years old
C) 17 years old
D) 17.5 years old

Question 34

William,17 years-old,is often absent from school; when he is in attendance,he proves a distraction in class,often interrupting or ignoring the teacher.After a number of absences and poor academic performance,his parents were asked to attend a parent-teacher conference.William's parents refused to attend and informed the teacher that William was responsible for his education.What parenting style are William's parents exhibiting?

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) uninvolved
D) permissive

Question 35

The number of conflicts between parents and children declines during adolescence.

Question 36

During adolescence,the number of conflicts between parents and children ______,while the negative intensity of conflicts ____________.

A) decreases; decreases
B) decreases; increases
C) increases; decreases
D) increases; increases

Question 37

Suicide attempts are greater among adolescents

A) with same-sex attractions.
B) who are uncertain of their sexual orientation.
C) who are heterosexual.
D) Both A and B.

Question 38

According to a 2009 study,_____________ contribute to adolescent-parent conflicts.

A) culture and gender
B) peers and culture
C) school and society
D) siblings and extended family

Question 39

Today's psychologists believe that "storm and stress" is a critical component in an adolescent's development of autonomy.

Question 40

An adolescent develops a sense of autonomy

A) through independence.
B) by developing a more complex sense of self.
C) by enhancing self-regulation and self-monitoring.
D) All of these.

Question 41

Identify the gender differences in friendships.

Question 42

Positive outcomes during conflict in early romantic relationships is a result of

A) asking open-ended questions.
B) compromising.
C) taking turns talking.
D) All of these.

Question 43

Identify the stages of romantic development in order from first to last.

A) Infatuation, Affiliation, Intimacy, Committed
B) Affiliation, Intimacy, Infatuation, Committed
C) Intimacy, Infatuation, Affiliation, Committed
D) Committed, Intimacy, Affiliation, Infatuation

Question 44

Clique and crowd are interchangeable terms.

Question 45

At Substage 3 of Kohlberg's Stage Theory,adolescents

A) consider the social contract and individual rights.
B) focus on universal principles.
C) aim for interpersonal cooperation.
D) work to maintain social order.

Question 46

Kim had her first romantic relationship at age 11.She would be referred to as

A) a trend breaker.
B) independent.
C) an early starter.
D) love stricken.

Question 47

In the development of romantic relationships,15% to 20% of adolescents are ______,while 10% are considered _______.

A) early starters; late bloomers
B) on schedule; late bloomers
C) late bloomers; early starters
D) early starters; on schedule

Question 48

It is important for parents to avoid showing __________ when addressing conflict with their adolescents).

A) aggression
B) hostility
C) bias
D) prejudgment

Question 49

High rejection sensitivity can decrease with time.

Question 50

All individuals will reach Substage 5 of Kohlberg's Stage Theory before the end of adulthood.

Question 51

According to the text,adolescents prefer to spend more time with their _________ than their _______.

A) parents; friends
B) friends; parents
C) classmates; teachers
D) family; classmates

Question 52

Brad and Andrea have dated for one year.Throughout their relationship,Brad and Andrea have experienced obstacles,which are traditionally left unresolved.Brad also has a tendency to degrade Andrea,both in public and private.Andrea,rather than address the degradation,accepts the comments and the humiliation that comes with them.Brad and Andrea's relationship is one of _

A) disequilibrium. .
B) mistrust.
C) poor quality.
D) low quality.

Question 53

During a conversation between an adolescent and parent,the parent decides that he is no longer interested in the topic being discussed and ceases to listen to the adolescent,stating,"I'm not interested anymore,change the subject or I am not going to carry on with this discussion." This is an example of

A) psychological control.
B) parental control.
C) parent/adolescent disagreement.
D) generational differences.

Question 54

An individual at the ______ level in Kohlberg's Stage Theory sees morality as constructed by others.

A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postcoventional
D) None of these.

Question 55

A characteristic present in romantic relationships that is lacking in "hooking up" and "friends with benefits" is

A) intimacy.
B) passion.
C) love.
D) trust.

Question 56

Mandy and Drew have experienced 6 months of dating filled with a few conflicts,but mostly great memories.However,Mandy is constantly worried that Drew will lose interest in their relationship and will want to break up with her.Mandy

A) has a lack of self-esteem.
B) doesn't trust Drew.
C) has high rejection sensitivity.
D) fears the unknown.

Question 57

Kohlberg was more interested in the actual decisions children reached in his moral reasoning test,not in the reasons they gave for their decisions.

Question 58

________ demonstrated moral reasoning at the postconventional level when calling on universal principles of justice in his/her campaign to change laws surrounding racial segregation.

A) Rosa Parks
B) Martin Luther King Jr.
C) Dwight D. Eisenhower
D) Philip Randolph

Question 59

According to the text,"jocks," "nerds," and "band geeks" are terms used to describe

A) cliques.
B) crowds.
C) friends.
D) organizations.

Question 60

Conflict is normal in early romantic relationships.

Question 61

Moral reasoning is affected by

A) age.
B) educational level.
C) gender.
D) All of the above

Question 62

In Steinberg's study,self-reported impulsivity was highest in those aged ______ years.

A) 10-11
B) 12-13
C) 14-15
D) 16-17

Question 63

_______ developed a model that assessed risk taking in adolescents in two systems,socioemotional system and cognitive control system.

A) Kohlberg
B) Steinberg
C) Erikson
D) Marcia

Question 64

The moral reasoning of an individual who is in college and volunteers in his or her community will likely be more advanced than that of a high school student who sits at home and watches television all afternoon.

Question 65

Gang members are at least as likely to be victimized as they are to victimize others.

Question 66

Behavior based on one's own desires and not those of another reflects

A) needs-based reasoning
B) approval-oriented reasoning
C) hedonistic reasoning
D) stereotypical reasoning

Question 67

Studies demonstrate that,during adolescence,there is a decrease in activity in the __________ ,while there is an increase in activity in the ___________,demonstrating a greater reliance on executive functioning in decision making than on emotional responses.

A) amygdala; ventromedial prefrontal cortex
B) ventromedial prefrontal cortex; amygdala
C) limbic system; prefrontal cortex
D) Both A and C

Question 68

Traditionally,gang recruitment begins in ______.

A) elementary school
B) middle school
C) high school
D) college

Question 69

An important area of the brain used in moral decision making is __________.

A) the prefrontal cortex
B) Broca's area
C) temporal lobe
D) the parietal lobe

Question 70

______ behavior refers to actions one performs to benefit others.

A) Prosocial
B) Antisocial
C) Social
D) All of these.

Question 71

Critics of Kohlberg's theory believe that

A) moral reasoning does not necessarily result in moral behavior.
B) Kohlberg's theory has a Western bias.
C) Kohlberg did not pursue the role of gender in moral development as thoroughly as he could have.
D) All of these.

Question 72

Hilary volunteers after school at the Boys and Girls Club working with younger students,assisting them with their homework and organizing activities.She is engaging in _____ behavior.

A) antisocial
B) prosocial
C) social
D) extrasocial

Question 73

An individual at the ______ level in Kohlberg's Stage Theory understands that a smoothly functioning society may not be a just one; thus he or she emphasizes abstract principles,values,and procedures to guarantee rights.

A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postcoventional
D) None of these.

Question 74

The prefrontal cortex reaches full maturity during adolescence.

Question 75

Why do adolescents join gangs?
Traditionally,adolescents join a gang because it affords them protection,a family,and a sense of worthiness,acceptance,and respect.It affords them a sense of stability as demonstrated by the increase of gang membership in unstable neighborhoods).Gangsgive the adolescent a support system,trust,and a sense of identity.

Question 76

Most gang members are male.

Question 77

An individual at the _______ level in Kohlberg's Stage Theory considers morality to be a matter of choosing "good" behavior as determined by family,community,or society.

A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postcoventional
D) None of these.

Question 78

In Steinberg's study,self-reported reward seeking was highest in those aged ____ years.

A) 10-11
B) 12-13
C) 14-15
D) 16-17

Question 79

Explain why antisocial behavior increases during adolescence.

Question 80

The temporoparietal lobe is situated between the ______ lobe and ______ lobe.

A) frontal; parietal
B) temporal; parietal
C) occipital; temporal
D) frontal; occipital