Deck 11: Cardiovascular Disorders

Question 1

What is the most accurate classification of the common forms of coronary artery disease and hypertension?

A)Secondary disorders caused by lifestyle choices
B)Sequential genetic disorders related to age,ethnicity,and gender
C)Complex disorders resulting from gene-environment interactions
D)Primary disorders with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance

Answer 1

Complex disorders resulting from gene-environment interactions

Question 2

What term is used to describe the gene-to-gene interaction in which the action of one gene modifies the expression of a different gene?

A)Epistasis
B)Heterogeneity
C)Genomic imprinting
D)Epigenetic penetrance

Answer 2

Epistasis

Question 3

Which lethal cardiac arrhythmia can occur as a complication of long QT syndrome?

A)Atrial node reentry tachycardia
B)Prolonged atrial fibrillation
C)Mitral valve prolapse
D)Torsade de Pointes

Answer 3

Torsade de Pointes

Question 4

Which physical finding on a 30-year-old man suggests the possibility of familial hypercholesterolemia?

A)Lipomas
B)Xanthomas
C)Osteoarthritis
D)Hemangiomas

Question 5

What is the genetic contribution to the development of the most common forms of atherosclerosis?

A)Variation in a variety of genes each exerting a small effect
B)Disordered mitochondrial function reducing energy production
C)Genetic predisposition expressed after exposure to a viral trigger
D)Single gene mutation following autosomal dominant inheritance

Question 6

Which total plasma cholesterol levels are most likely to be present in people who are homozygous for an allele that causes familial hypercholesterolemia?

A)100 mg/dL to 200 mg/dL
B)200 mg/dL to 300 mg/dL
C)400 mg/dL to 500 mg/dL
D)600 mg/dL to 1200 mg/dL

Question 7

Which lysosomal storage disease is associated with an increased risk for stroke?

A)Fabry disease
B)Gaucher disease
C)Hurler syndrome
D)Tay-Sachs disease

Question 8

What do the known monogenic disorders that result in the expression of hypertension have in common?

A)An error in the ability of vascular smooth muscle to contract
B)An error in the ability of vascular smooth muscle to relax
C)Excessive kidney reabsorption of sodium
D)Excessive kidney excretion of potassium

Question 9

For patients who have familial hypercholesterolemia,what should be the focus of teaching for blood cholesterol reduction?

A)Eliminating animal fats from the diet
B)Increasing the amount of fruit in the diet
C)Exercising at least 4 to 5 hours every week
D)Taking the lipid-lowering drug as prescribed

Question 10

Which variable in a person with coronary artery disease increases the likelihood of a strong genetic influence in its expression?

A)The problem is severe before age 50 years.
B)The disorder is not present in the person's dizygotic twin.
C)The affected person has eaten a vegetarian diet for the past 5 years.
D)The disorder is present in about 5% of the person's maternal older male family members.

Question 11

Why is Factor V Leiden disorder considered a form of thrombophilia?

A)Platelet activity is impaired.
B)Blood clots form more easily.
C)Atherosclerosis development is accelerated.
D)Excessive bleeding episodes occur in response to minor trauma.

Question 12

Why is determining the genetic contribution to the onset of stroke difficult?

A)Stroke classification and phenotype remain heterogeneous.
B)Comorbidities mask the symptoms and delay the diagnosis.
C)Environmental risk factors have equal contribution to the problem.
D)Often the person with a stroke cannot provide accurate family information.

Question 13

Which statement about atrial fibrillation is correct?

A)It is the most common genetic cardiac disorder worldwide.
B)A variety of different genes contribute to its expression.
C)It is found exclusively in adults over 60 years old.
D)When severe,it leads to long QT syndrome.

Question 14

Which problem is associated with Tangier disease as an increased risk for coronary artery disease?

A)Low levels of triglycerides
B)High levels of triglycerides
C)Low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
D)High levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)