Deck 17: The Urinary System: Filtration and Fluid Balance

Question 1

Urinary tract infections are often caused by ____________ bacteria in the urinary tract.

A)Symbiotic
B)Fecal
C)Abdominal
D)Intestinal

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What are the vessels that lead to the glomeruli?

A)Arcuate arteries
B)Afferent arterioles
C)Efferent arterioles
D)Renal arterioles

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which part of the renal tubular system reabsorbs or secretes the most substances?

A)Distal Tubule
B)Collecting duct
C)Proximal Tubule
D)Descending loop

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Hormones that regulate blood pressure also affect

A)Number of nephrons
B)Permeability of glomerular capsule
C)Reabsorption and secretion
D)Ureters and urethra

Question 5

Blood leaves the kidney through the ________.

A)Efferent arterioles
B)Hepatic vein
C)Renal nephron
D)Renal vein

Question 6

What is the most common cause of prolonged vasoconstriction in the kidney?

A)Increased blood pressure
B)Decreased blood pressure
C)Antidiuretic hormone
D)Diabetes mellitus

Question 7

Without functioning kidneys, fluid and ion ___________ would kill you in a matter of days.

A)Imbalance
B)Equilibrium
C)Reactions
D)Impurities

Question 8

____________ is the mechanism used to protect the glomerulus from minor changes in blood pressure.

A)Filtration
B)Saturation
C)Autoregulation
D)Selection

Question 9

Glomerular filtrate is chemically most similar to ________.

A)Urine
B)Plasma
C)Lymph
D)Cytoplasm

Question 10

Which steroid is secreted by the adrenal cortex to increase reabsorption of sodium ions?

A)Antidiuretic hormone
B)Aldosterone
C)Adrenalin
D)Angiotensin

Question 11

What are the three processes necessary for the formation of urine?

A)Intake, concentration, and output
B)Chemical, muscular, and neural action
C)Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
D)Arterioles, nephrons, and venules

Question 12

Substances are moved through a filter by differences in ________ across the filter.

A)Pressure
B)Openings
C)Tubules
D)Vessels

Question 13

New research has shown that urination is actually controlled by the ________.

A)Kidney
B)Bladder
C)Pons
D)Ureters

Question 14

The first section of the nephron loop glomerular filtrate encounters is the ________.

A)Ascending loop
B)Distal tubule
C)Descending loop
D)Proximal tubule

Question 15

If blood pressure drops below normal range, what should happen to glomerular filtration rate, to compensate?

A)It should decrease
B)It should increase
C)It should stay the same
D)It depends on the situation

Question 16

The kidneys are covered by a layer of connective tissue called the ________.

A)Renal pelvis
B)Renal sinus
C)Renal capsule
D)Renal hilum

Question 17

The patient with diabetes insipidus will have copious amounts of ________ urine.

A)Toxic
B)Concentrated
C)Cloudy
D)Dilute

Question 18

Substances that are reabsorbed or secreted in the ascending loop include ________.

A)Sodium
B)Potassium
C)Chloride
D)All of the above

Question 19

Anything that will affect reabsorption and secretion in the kidney will affect urine ________.

A)Chemistry
B)Flow
C)Accumulation
D)Filtration

Question 20

Bowman's capsule, the renal membrane that surrounds the glomerulus, is also called the ________.

A)Renal corpuscle
B)Glomerular capsule
C)Renal tubule
D)Glomerular filtrate

Question 21

Even though this structure is part of the circulatory system, it is included in the discussion of the urinary system ________.

A)Glomerulus
B)Proximal convoluted tubule
C)Renal pelvis
D)Loop of Henle

Question 22

Which of the following parts of the kidney is actually an expansion of the upper end of the ureter?

A)Renal pelvis
B)Renal medulla
C)Renal cortex
D)Calyx

Question 23

The innermost layer of the kidney is called the ________.

A)Renal pelvis
B)Renal medulla
C)Renal cortex
D)Calyx

Question 24

Which of the following is considered the first segment of the renal tubules?

A)Glomerulus
B)Proximal convoluted tubule
C)Distal convoluted tubule
D)Collecting tubule

Question 25

Which of the following structures drains into the collecting ducts?

A)Glomerulus
B)Proximal convoluted tubule
C)Distal convoluted tubule
D)Loop of Henle

Question 26

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

A)Removing waste products from the blood
B)Maintaining the proper electrolyte balance in the blood
C)Maintaining the proper pH level of the blood
D)All of the above are functions of the urinary system

Question 27

The process by which most of the material in the nephron moves back into the blood is called ________.

A)Filtration
B)Reabsorption
C)Secretion
D)Micturition

Question 28

The only cure for end-stage renal disease is ________.

A)Peritoneal dialysis
B)Lithotripsy
C)Blood transfusion
D)Kidney transplant

Question 29

The juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys release a hormone ________.

A)Called antidiuretic hormone
B)That dilates blood vessels
C)That causes vasoconstriction
D)That increases the absorption of chloride from the filtrate

Question 30

The tube that carries urine out of the kidney is called the ________.

A)Urethra
B)Collecting tube
C)Ureter
D)Bladder

Question 31

Which of the following statements is untrue of the kidneys?

A)The right kidney is slightly higher than the left kidney.
B)The kidneys are outside the peritoneal cavity.
C)The kidneys are surrounded by a layer of fat.
D)The kidneys are affected by blood pressure.

Question 32

This hormone would tend to increase the amount of urine produced ________.

A)Antidiuretic hormone
B)Aldosterone
C)Atrial natriuretic hormone
D)Both a and b

Question 33

The process by which urine is passed out of the body is called ________.

A)Urination
B)Voiding
C)Mastication
D)Both a & b

Question 34

Ischemia of the kidneys (as well as any other organ) is tissue injury from too little ________ to the tissues.

A)Hormones
B)Oxygen
C)Glucose
D)Water

Question 35

This hormone would tend to decrease the amount of urine produced.

A)Antidiuretic hormone
B)Aldosterone
C)Atrial natriuretic hormone
D)Both a and b

Question 36

Severe pain, hematuria, fever, chills, nausea, and urinary urgency are symptoms of ________.

A)Kidney stones
B)Polycystic kidney disease
C)Ischemic nephropathy
D)Diabetic nephropathy

Question 37

The tube that carries the urine out of the body is called the ________.

A)Urethra
B)Collecting tube
C)Trigone
D)Ureter

Question 38

Kidney stones can be caused by any of the following except ________.

A)Kidney infection
B)Calcium
C)Uric acid
D)Potassium

Question 39

One of the most important risk factors for kidney disease is ________.

A)Hypertension
B)ACE inhibitors
C)Hypotension
D)Vasodilation

Question 40

The outermost layer of the kidney is called the ________.

A)Renal pelvis
B)Renal medulla
C)Renal cortex
D)Calyx

Question 41

Blood enters the renal corpuscle via the ____________.

Question 42

High blood pressure is a common disease that can affect the kidneys.One way of treating high blood pressure is to decrease blood volume by decreasing body water.This can be accomplished by using what kind of drug?

A)Blood thinners
B)ACE stimulators
C)Diuretics
D)Dopamine

Question 43

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone ___________ system is a series of chemical reactions that regulate blood pressure.

Question 44

The collecting ducts empty into _________________.

Question 45

The ________________are striped areas of the renal medulla.

Question 46

The space inside the kidney is called the renal ____________.

Question 47

Copious, dilute urine is a symptom of ________.

A)Uremia
B)Renal failure
C)Diabetes insipidus
D)Urinary tract infection

Question 48

All of the ___________________ in glomerular filtrate is typically reabsorbed and won't be in urine.

Question 49

Painful urination, urinary frequency, nighttime urination, and foul smelling, cloudy urine are symptoms of ________.

A)Uremia
B)Renal failure
C)Diabetes insipidus
D)Urinary tract infection

Question 50

Long term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs causes ____________ nephropathy.

Question 51

This condition is caused by chronic hyperglycemia ________:

A)Kidney stones
B)Polycystic kidney disease
C)Ischemic nephropathy
D)Diabetic nephropathy

Question 52

Urine leaves the bladder through the ________.

A)Urethra
B)Ureters
C)Kidneys
D)None of the above Short

Question 53

____________ means to crush stones.

Question 54

Enlarged cystic kidneys, hypertension, UTI, dilute urine, liver cysts, pain, hematuria, and aneurysm are symptoms of ________.

A)Kidney stones
B)Polycystic kidney disease
C)Ischemic nephropathy
D)Diabetic nephropathy

Question 55

Frequent urination without pain or infection is a symptom of ________.

A)An overactive bladder
B)Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C)Urinary tract infection
D)Uremia

Question 56

Urine leaves the kidneys through the ________.

A)Urethra
B)Ureters
C)Bladder
D)None of the above

Question 57

____________ is an endocrine disorder characterized by too little anti-diuretic hormone or the insensitivity of the kidney to ADH.

Question 58

The ____________ is the functional unit of the kidney.

Question 59

There are no __________________ veins in the kidney.

Question 60

The ____________ carries urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder.

Question 61

________ moves fluid and chemicals into the nephron.

Question 62

It is not uncommon for trauma patients to ________ a trauma only to sustain organ damage due to ischemia.

Question 63

When blood flow to the nephrons decreases for a period of time, the oxygen being delivered to the nephron also decreases leading to tissue injury.This injury is classified as ________.

Question 64

Sympathetic output causes _________________ glomerular filtration.

Question 65

________ is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 66

In both glomerulosclerosis and glomerulonephritis, there is decreased waste product removal and the electrolyte ________ is abnormal.

Question 67

________ is inflammation of the glomerulus.

Question 68

________(ADH) is made by the hypothalamus and secreted from the posterior pituitary when blood pressure decreases or blood ionic concentration increases.

Question 69

________ is the movement of molecules from high to low concentrations.

Question 70

Blood flows to the glomerulus via the ________ arteriole.

Question 71

An infection with the bacteria E.Coli , usually from eating undercooked ________, can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Question 72

The glomerulus is protected from minor changes in blood pressure by a mechanism called ________.

Question 73

Blood flows from the glomerulus into the ________ arteriole.

Question 74

PKD stands for ____________ disease.

Question 75

The second factor that affects tubular reabsorption and secretion is a special type of circulation around the nephron loop, called ________ circulation.

Question 76

The ascending nephron loop is permeable only to _________________.

Question 77

There is no cure for PKD except kidney ________.

Question 78

________ is a general term for kidney disease particularly damage to the filtering apparatus of the nephrons.

Question 79

Nephropathy is a term for kidney disease especially when there is damage to the nephron's ________ apparatus.

Question 80

Renal failure is also known as ________ disease, kidney disease, or kidney failure.