Deck 2: Developmental Tasks and Health Promotion Across the Life Cycle

Question 1

Erikson's stage of integrity versus despair could be described as:
1)an adjustment to the tasks of middle age.
2)being productive and contributing to society.
3)cataloging life events to gain a sense of satisfaction.
4)a time to review career goals and possibly change paths to avoid despair.

Answer 1

3
One important task of late adulthood is performing a life review.Erikson's last ego stage has the key conflict of integrity versus despair.A successful resolution to this conflict occurs when the adult feels satisfied with his or her own life.

Question 2

Finding a partner or committing one's life to a cause indicates successful resolution of which of Erikson's stages?
1)Intimacy versus isolation
2)Identity versus role confusion
3)Generativity versus stagnation
4)Autonomy versus shame and doubt

Answer 2

1
Once self-identity is established after adolescence,it can be merged with another's in an intimate relationship.During the early 20s the adult seeks the love,commitment,and intimacy of a lasting relationship.

Question 3

The nurse is testing a 10-year-old child's ability to understand conservation of matter.Which test would be appropriate?
1)Ask her to sort blocks by color and by shape.
2)Ask her to order the blocks from smallest to biggest.
3)Ask her to determine which glass of water has more water in it,the tall skinny glass or the short fat glass.
4)Ask her to make a code using the alphabet and then write a message in the code she has made up.

Answer 3

3
Understanding conservation of matter is the ability to tell the difference between how things seem and how they really are.It is the ability to see that mass or quantity stays constant even though shape or position is transformed.

Question 4

Jean Piaget proposed four stages of cognitive development.Which of the following statements is true in regard to these stages?
1)The child's current stage is determined by the child's age.
2)Each stage builds on the foundations of the previous stages.
3)Each stage is distinct and clearly separate from the other stages.
4)A child who is "gifted" may actually skip a stage and move on to a higher stage.

Question 5

Physical growth is most rapid during which period?
1)Birth to 1 year of age
2)3 to 5 years of age
3)6 to 10 years of age
4)16 to 18 years of age

Question 6

An 8-year-old boy's father is very interested in seeing his child succeed in soccer.During the assessment,the nurse finds out that the child is a small boy who expresses a sincere interest in playing chess and who feels like a failure at soccer.Which statement is true in regard to this situation?
1)This father needs to decrease his expectations for his son.
2)This father needs to encourage his son to participate in team sports.
3)This child obviously has an introverted personality and should be "left alone."
4)This child should be given opportunities to achieve success in any area he chooses.

Question 7

A father describes his adolescent son's "strange new clothes and hair style." He states that he is worried about the frequent changes his son seems to make in his appearance.The nurse explains that his son is:
1)possibly getting into trouble and should begin counseling.
2)experiencing a loss of self-esteem and may need help to overcome this difficult time.
3)experimenting with different identities,which is necessary to forming an identity of his own.
4)probably experimenting with drugs or alcohol because such behavior is unusual in an adolescent.

Question 8

A baby can sit alone before he or she is able to crawl.This is true because development of gross motor skills:
1)occurs in a cephalocaudal direction.
2)occurs in a distal to proximal direction.
3)is generally the result of a baby's chronological age.
4)is simply the result of the baby's increased desire to move.

Question 9

The nurse is advising a father about his 2-year-old daughter's eating habits.He is concerned because she seems "not to eat anything anymore." The nurse tells him that this is normal because:
1)of a decrease in activity.
2)of a slower period of growth.
3)growth stops for a while at age 2 years.
4)the basal metabolic rate decreases at this age.

Question 10

If a mother hides a block under her baby's blanket and the baby looks for it,the nurse understands that the baby has begun to develop the concept of:
1)relativism.
2)object prehension.
3)separation anxiety.
4)object permanence.

Question 11

Being able to think about history and philosophy and analyze and use scientific reasoning corresponds to which of Piaget's stages?
1)Formal operations
2)Sensorimotor skills
3)Concrete operations
4)Preoperational skills

Question 12

Erikson believes toilet training to be representative of which of his stages?
1)Initiative versus guilt
2)Integrity versus despair
3)Industry versus inferiority
4)Autonomy versus shame and doubt

Question 13

A 24-month-old child comes to the clinic for a well-child visit.His mother describes him as a child who falls apart if she changes even the smallest thing in his environment.The nurse tells his mother that this behavior:
1)is unusual in a toddler because negativism generally doesn't emerge until age 3.2.indicates that he is insecure and probably hasn't successfully developed trust in infancy.
3)can be expected from a toddler because they typically experience ritualism and global thinking.
4)indicates that he has been spoiled and she should change things in his environment often to get him used to it.

Question 14

The nurse is performing the Denver II screening test on a 12-month-old infant during a routine well-child visit.The nurse should tell the infant's parents that the Denver II:
1)tests three areas of development: cognitive,physical,and psychologic.
2)will indicate whether the child has a speech disorder so that treatment can begin.
3)is a screening instrument designed to detect children who are slow in development.
4)is a test to determine intellectual ability and may indicate whether there will be problems later in school.

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes the tasks of late adulthood?
1)Older adults must quickly try to resolve the conflicts of earlier times.
2)Older adults must accept that they cannot change the past and make peace with their lives.
3)Older adults generally feel great sadness and worry about death;this allows them to accept their mortality.
4)Older adults must never feel satisfied with their lives because it gives them goals to achieve in the future.

Question 16

The nurse is teaching a class to day care providers.Which of the following statements about growth,development,and preschoolers should be included?
1)Preschoolers are highly egocentric.
2)They are capable of delayed imitation.
3)They are still very unaware of gender and sex.
4)Preschoolers "pretend" to reduce anxiety about their sex roles.

Question 17

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development proposes eight stages of ego development.Each stage involves a "bipolar issue." Which statement is true regarding these crises?
1)There is always an absolute resolution to each crisis.
2)Most people never resolve all the crises and therefore never complete all eight stages.
3)If the crisis cannot be resolved at a certain stage,a person generally skips that stage.
4)The issues can be resolved along a continuum,with a mix of positive and negative outcomes.

Question 18

Levinson proposed a view of middle adulthood that differed from Erikson's.Which of the following statements best illustrates Levinson's views?
1)The main task of middle-aged adults is to overcome boredom with life.
2)Career reassessment in middle age is rare because of the fear of change at this age.
3)Middle age is a time when adults push to meet the goals that were set at a younger age.
4)Middle-aged adults adjust goals and emerge with a new perception of the self and the environment.

Question 19

An infant weighs 7 pounds at birth.At the well-child visit 6 months later,the nurse would expect the infant to weigh at least:
1)12 pounds.
2)14 pounds.
3)17 pounds.
4)21 pounds.

Question 20

The mother of a 2-month-old baby reports that she often lets the baby "cry it out" instead of going to her in the middle of the night.In talking over this practice with her,the nurse should make her aware that:
1)2-month-old babies are old enough to learn to sleep through the night.
2)babies can become spoiled if they're picked up in the middle of the night.
3)babies are developing a sense of trust and need to be responded to when they cry.
4)babies are just developing the ability to manipulate and should not be picked up if it is unnecessary.

Question 21

Which of the following statements best characterizes resolution of Erikson's last ego stage,integrity versus despair?
1)The individual becomes more interested in society's extrinsic rewards.
2)The individual experiences a loss of recognition and authority.
3)The adult feels the need to pursue youthful activities as a culmination of life experiences.
4)The adult feels satisfied that if it were possible to do it over again,he or she would live it the same way.

Question 22

A 42-year-old woman has come in for counseling.As the nurse administers the Hassles and Uplifts Scale questionnaire,the woman is told that this tool:
1)will indicate the level of stress in her life.
2)will show her areas of self-improvement needed to regain control in her life.
3)is unable to measure stress but can help her cope with the day-to-day hassles of life.
4)may show a relationship between daily stress and the occurrence of physical health problems.

Question 23

During which age is belonging to a peer group considered a key socializing agent?
1)The preschool years
2)The school-age years
3)Early adulthood
4)Middle adulthood

Question 24

A new mother asks the nurse,"Why does my baby cry so much?" Which statement by the nurse is correct?
1)"You need to try to hold your baby for longer periods of time."
2)"This means he is hungry.He needs to be fed more."
3)"Your baby uses crying to tell us if he feels hungry,uncomfortable,or lonely."
4)"We should examine him for signs of illness."

Question 25

Normal physical changes that occur during middle adulthood (40 to 64 years)include:
1)deterioration of internal organ systems.
2)increased muscle tone and decreased muscle strength.
3)increased abdominal fat deposits from decreased activity.
4)decreased sensory function and visual changes for far vision.

Question 26

While examining an 18-month-old child,the nurse notes that he does not demonstrate skills typical for his age.He walks while holding on to furniture but prefers to crawl,rarely speaks,has a flat affect,and is small for his age.Which of the following is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this child?
1)Impaired parenting
2)Imbalanced nutrition
3)Situational low self esteem
4)Delayed growth and development

Question 27

An adolescent is beginning to develop the ability to deal with hypothetical situations and abstract thinking.The nurse would consider this finding:
1)advanced for this patient's age.
2)an expected finding only in the elderly.
3)a normal finding during this stage of development.
4)abnormal because abstract thinking should begin to take place in early childhood.

Question 28

Levinson describes the period of middle adulthood as beginning with a mid-life transition.Which statement best describes this mid-life transition?
1)This is a time of major reassessment-"What have I done with my life?"
2)Most people experience a need to change careers around the age of 40 years.
3)This is a time when people feel a desire to pursue more youthful activities.
4)Most people find that they have basically met all of their goals and experience rejuvenation.

Question 29

An adolescent tells the school nurse that he is being pressured by his friends to smoke marijuana.Which nursing diagnosis would be appropriate for this situation?
1)Compromised family coping
2)Decisional conflict
3)Social isolation
4)Ineffective role performance

Question 30

An 18-month-old who makes the statement,"All done," is using what form of speech?
1)Telegraphic speech
2)Holophrastic speech
3)Preoperational speech
4)Complex-interactive speech

Question 31

A 12-month-old infant is screened with the Denver II and is found to have some delays in gross motor skills.The screening is important because it:
1)can help diagnose a child with problems.
2)provides for early detection,leading to earlier intervention.
3)can be used by a physical therapist to determine the appropriate treatment.
4)can be used in conjunction with other tests to determine a child's overall intellectual level.

Question 32

Which of the following physical changes are appropriate for a school-age child? Select all that apply.
1)Primary teeth are lost.
2)Body fat increases.
3)Bone replaces cartilage.
4)Appearance is slimmer than in younger children.
5)Lordosis is common.

Question 33

Which of the following is an appropriate developmental task for a toddler (age 1 to 3 years)?
1)Taking a place in a peer group
2)Identifying sex roles and their function
3)Tolerating separation from the mother or parent
4)Building self-esteem and a positive self-concept

Question 34

At what age should the nurse expect to see an infant exhibiting social smiles?
1)At birth
2)At 2 weeks of age
3)At 4 weeks of age
4)At 6 to 8 weeks of age