Deck 4: Growth and Health

Question 1

Bone develops from

A)cartilage.
B)muscle fibers.
C)fat tissue.
D)the central nervous system.

Answer 1

cartilage.

Question 2

Personality and the ability to carry out plans are largely functions of what part of the brain?

A)left hemisphere
B)right hemisphere
C)frontal cortex
D)temporal lobe

Answer 2

frontal cortex

Question 3

Which of the following statements about breakfast is not correct?

A)Many children do not eat breakfast.
B)Breakfast should provide one-half of a child's daily calories.
C)Children who do not eat breakfast often have difficulty paying attention in school.
D)Breakfast programs have a positive impact on children because children are absent from school less often.

Answer 3

Breakfast should provide one-half of a child's daily calories.

Question 4

Anorexia nervosa

A)is a disorder marked by binge eating and purging.
B)affects males more often than females.
C)is associated with overprotective parenting.
D)is more common with teenagers who experience positive self-esteem.

Question 5

One of the primary reasons for improved coordination and reaction time as children develop is

A)the brain's acquisition of myelin.
B)synaptic pruning.
C)the brain's acquisition of more neurons.
D)brain plasticity.

Question 6

The amount of time that children spend asleep drops gradually from 12 hours at age three to

A)10 hours at age 12.
B)eight hours at age 12.
C)six hours at age 12.
D)sleep doesn't drop gradually;12-year-olds still sleep about 12 hours a day.

Question 7

During the first year of life the average baby gains about

A)five inches and 10 pounds.
B)10 inches and 5 pounds.
C)10 inches and 15 pounds.
D)15 inches and 10 pounds.

Question 8

The body's muscle fibers

A)are mostly absent at birth and do not appear in great numbers until middle childhood.
B)become longer and thicker during childhood.
C)become shorter and thinner during childhood.
D)are fused together at birth,but gradually separate.

Question 9

For preschool children,no more than __________ percent of their daily caloric intake should come from fat.

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40

Question 10

Who is likely to be accumulating fat LEAST rapidly?

A)Belle,who is six months of age
B)Greta,who is four years of age
C)Caroline,who is 10 years of age
D)Claire,who is 13 years of age

Question 11

The leading cause of death for adolescent African American or Hispanic American boys is

A)motor vehicle accidents.
B)firearms.
C)drowning.
D)suicide.

Question 12

Epiphyses are

A)the collective physical changes that occur in early adolescence.
B)chemicals that travel in the bloodstream to act on other body parts.
C)changes in physical development from one generation to the next.
D)the ends of the cartilage structures in a fetus.

Question 13

Mrs.Wolff reminded her art students that in order to draw toddlers and young children realistically they need to draw disproportionately large

A)feet.
B)hips.
C)arms.
D)heads.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)The body's muscle fibers appear after birth.
B)Very little fat accumulates after birth.
C)Cartilage begins to turn to bone after birth.
D)Toddlers and young children have disproportionately large heads.

Question 15

Pubertal changes for North American youth begin with the

A)adolescent growth spurt for girls,but not for boys.
B)adolescent growth spurt for both boys and girls.
C)growth of pubic hair for boys,but not for girls.
D)growth of pubic hair for both boys and girls.

Question 16

Fat accumulates rapidly

A)only during infancy.
B)during infancy and the preschool years.
C)during the preschool years and adolescence.
D)during infancy and adolescence.

Question 17

The extent to which brain organization is flexible is known as

A)synaptic pruning.
B)plasticity.
C)myelinization.
D)experience-expectant growth.

Question 18

The rate of physical growth is slowest during which period of life?

A)prenatal development
B)the first year of life
C)preschool and elementary school years
D)early adolescence

Question 19

Physical growth is

A)steady throughout infancy,childhood,and adolescence.
B)relatively slow during infancy and childhood,but rapid in adolescence.
C)rapid during infancy,slow during childhood,and rapid during adolescence.
D)rapid during infancy and childhood,but slow during adolescence.

Question 20

Cartilage turns to bone

A)first in the center and later in the ends of the cartilage structure.
B)first at the ends and later in the center of the cartilage structure.
C)in all parts of the cartilage structure simultaneously.
D)beginning at birth.

Question 21

Adolescents

A)need to eat less than they did during childhood or they will become overweight.
B)need about the same number of calories per day as they did during childhood.
C)need to eat more than in childhood because of the adolescent growth spurt.
D)have varied nutritional needs,but they usually get adequate amounts of nutrients.

Question 22

Nutritional needs during infancy are high because __________ requires a relatively large amount of energy.

A)digestion
B)respiration
C)an infant's high activity level
D)growth

Question 23

Average heights

A)vary from country to country.
B)have been decreasing over the last 100 years.
C)stay the same from generation to generation.
D)have a wider range than normal heights.

Question 24

The range of "normal" heights is

A)wider than the range of "average" heights.
B)narrower than the range of "average" heights.
C)the same as the range of "average" heights.
D)sometimes narrower and sometimes wider than the range of "average" heights depending on the country.

Question 25

Which of the following statements is TRUE of the role of hormones in growth?

A)Growth hormone is secreted by the liver.
B)Growth hormone triggers the release of somatomedin,which causes muscles and bones to grow.
C)The majority of growth hormone is secreted while children and adolescents are awake.
D)The pituitary gland does not have an important role in growth.

Question 26

Compared to bottle-fed babies,breastfed babies

A)are ill more often.
B)are less prone to diarrhea and constipation.
C)have a more difficult time making the transition to solid foods.
D)do not receive the antibodies that are found in formula.

Question 27

Which of the following accurately describes secular growth trends over the last 100 years?

A)Adults and children are heavier today,but no taller than in previous generations.
B)Adults and children are heavier and taller today than in previous generations.
C)Adults and children are lighter and shorter today than in previous generations.
D)Adults and children have the same average height and weight today as they did in previous generations.

Question 28

Which of the following is TRUE of nutrition and physical growth?

A)Nutrition is particularly important during infancy when growth is rapid.
B)In a two-month-old,almost 80% of the body's energy is devoted to growth.
C)Young babies need fewer calories per pound of body weight than do adults.
D)Nutrition is not related to physical growth.

Question 29

Which eight-year-old boy is likely to be the shortest?

A)Tom,who is from the United States
B)Mikio,who is from Japan
C)Arthur,who is from Great Britain
D)Joseph,who is from New Guinea

Question 30

Michelle and Deana are arguing about the relative benefits of breastfeeding and bottle feeding.Which of their arguments is most valid?

A)Michelle's claim that breastfed babies are ill less often because breast milk has the mother's antibodies in it.
B)Deana's assertion that bottlefed babies are less likely to have diarrhea and constipation.
C)Michelle's argument that breastfed babies' psychological development is enhanced.
D)Deana's belief that bottlefed babies make the transition to solid foods more easily.

Question 31

Candace has been overwhelmed with advice and information from well-meaning friends and relatives after the birth of her first child,and she isn't sure which of their statements she should believe.Which of the following statements that she has been told about nutrition and eating early in life is true?

A)At two years,growth becomes more rapid,so children need to eat more.
B)No more than one new food should be presented to an infant at one time.
C)In the United States,most babies are bottle-fed exclusively,because they get more nutrients that way than they would if breastfed.
D)Babies should not eat solid foods until they are one year of age.

Question 32

Parents of young children who are picky eaters should

A)force their children to clean their plates.
B)use food as a reward or punishment.
C)talk about and emphasize what the child is or is not eating.
D)allow children to eat foods in any order that they want.

Question 33

Growth hormone (GH)is secreted by the

A)pituitary gland.
B)thyroid gland.
C)epiphyses.
D)myelin.

Question 34

Richie is at the peak of his adolescent growth spurt,so he is probably gaining as many as __________ pounds a year.

A)five
B)10
C)25
D)40

Question 35

"Average" physical growth

A)varies from one generation to the next.
B)does not vary from country to country.
C)is the same as "normal" physical growth.
D)is the same in Africa and Europe.

Question 36

The adolescent growth spurt and sexual maturation that occur in early adolescence are known as

A)a secular growth trend.
B)puberty.
C)menarche.
D)hormones.

Question 37

The finding that tall parents tend to have taller children,whereas short parents tend to have short children suggests that __________ influences height.

A)heredity
B)the environment
C)a hormone
D)nutrition

Question 38

Which of the following helps bones and muscles grow?

A)somatomedin
B)osteoporosis
C)antibodies
D)epiphyses

Question 39

Matthew and Nicole have a 5-year-old daughter.They are worried about their daughter's weight.They would like some suggestions about what they can do to reduce the likelihood that their daughter will become obese.Which of the following suggestions should Matthew and Nicole follow?

A)Urge your daughter to "clean her plate" at every meal.
B)Reward your daughter's good behavior with food.
C)Become a good fitness-minded role model for your daughter.
D)Strongly encourage your daughter to eat new foods (even if she is resistant).

Question 40

Which of the following describes a secular growth trend?

A)Girls begin puberty earlier than boys.
B)Boys eventually grow taller than girls.
C)Boys in the current generation are taller on average than boys from the previous generation.
D)The rate of growth during adolescence is faster than it is during middle childhood.

Question 41

Research on osteoporosis has shown that

A)most people with osteoporosis are men.
B)most bone mass is formed during adulthood.
C)swimming is a good weight-bearing exercise that strengthens bones.
D)most adolescents don't get enough calcium or exercise for healthy bone growth.

Question 42

Who is most likely to have just reached their full adult stature?

A)Ann,who is 13
B)Scott,who is 13
C)Diane,who is 17
D)Clyde,who is 17

Question 43

Which of the following statements about osteoporosis is TRUE?

A)To prevent osteoporosis,adolescents should consume 1,300 milligrams of calcium daily and do weight-bearing exercise five days a week.
B)Most adolescents get enough calcium and exercise for healthy bone growth.
C)Adolescents are at the greatest risk for osteoporosis.
D)More men than women suffer from osteoporosis.

Question 44

Puberty

A)occurs earlier in boys than in girls.
B)occurs earlier in girls who experience stress than in girls who have less stress.
C)occurs later in boys who experience stress than in boys who have less stress.
D)is not influenced by genetics.

Question 45

Studies concerning early maturing boys

A)prove that it is beneficial for them.
B)prove that it is harmful for them.
C)offer conflicting information about the effects of early maturation.
D)prove that is has no effects on them.

Question 46

Early maturation usually

A)can be harmful for girls,but not boys.
B)benefits girls,but not boys.
C)benefits both boys and girls.
D)can be harmful for boys,but not girls.

Question 47

Thirteen-year-old Chris,who has a 6'2" father and a 5'1" mother,is worried because he is only as tall as his mother right now and would like to be much taller.What would you tell Chris if he confided his concerns to you?

A)"Sorry,Chris,but you've probably already reached your mature height.Just remember,many great men were short.Think of Napoleon!"
B)"Don't worry Chris.Most boys don't reach their full height until they are 17.You've got about four more years to grow and you are likely to be of average height because you have a tall father and a short mother."
C)"You should go to the doctor,Chris.You are abnormally short for your age and parents' heights.You may have a growth hormone deficiency."
D)"You don't have anything to worry about,Chris.Most boys end up being taller than their mothers and fathers,so you will probably be over 6'2" before you stop growing."

Question 48

The onset of puberty

A)is regulated by the pituitary gland.
B)is totally controlled by genetic forces.
C)occurs later in girls who are depressed.
D)occurs earlier when girls receive inadequate nutrition.

Question 49

For girls,puberty typically begins with

A)the appearance of pubic hair.
B)growth of the breasts.
C)menarche.
D)the first ovulation.

Question 50

__________ are organs that are directly involved in reproduction.

A)Secondary sex characteristics
B)Primary sex characteristics
C)Puberty
D)Menarche

Question 51

Sara has discovered that she has a disease that makes her bones become thin and brittle and likely to break easily.Sara has the symptoms of

A)osteoporosis.
B)bulimia nervosa.
C)anorexia nervosa.
D)synaptic pruning.

Question 52

The adolescent growth spurt

A)usually begins earlier for girls than for boys.
B)usually ends earlier for boys than for girls.
C)is a time when girls gain more muscle than boys.
D)is a time when boys gain more fat than girls.

Question 53

Which of the following statements concerning the maturation of the reproductive system is true?

A)Early menstrual cycles are usually regular.
B)Boys' initial ejaculations usually contain sufficient sperm to fertilize an egg.
C)In the first months of menstruation,girls do not usually ovulate.
D)At about age 17,boys have their first spontaneous ejaculation.

Question 54

Ellis' parental investment theory emphasizes the role of fathers in determining the timing of puberty.According to this theory which of the following is true?

A)Puberty was earlier when father-daughter interactions were positive.
B)One way to reduce teen pregnancy is to discourage fathers from interacting with their teenage daughters.
C)Positive interactions between fathers and daughters will help delay the onset of puberty,which will reduce the odds of teenage pregnancy.
D)Pubertal timing is influenced by the quantity,not the quality,of father-daughter interactions.

Question 55

Which of the following girls would you expect to enter puberty first?

A)Shalicia,whose mother entered puberty at a young age
B)Chara,who is malnourished and does not receive adequate health care
C)Anita,who has a chronic illness
D)Jane,who lived in Europe in 1840

Question 56

Ginger and Roger are fraternal twins arguing about who is going to begin puberty first and who is going to reach their adult height first.If you were chosen to referee their argument,what would you tell them?

A)Girls begin puberty and reach their adult height earlier than boys.
B)Boys begin puberty and reach their adult height earlier than girls.
C)Girls and boys begin puberty and reach their adult height at the same ages.
D)Girls begin puberty before boys,but reach their adult height after boys.

Question 57

Menarche typically occurs at __________ years of age.

A)nine
B)11
C)13
D)15

Question 58

Girls who mature early __________ than girls who mature late.

A)receive better grades in school
B)are more popular with peers
C)are more likely to smoke and drink
D)have more self-confidence

Question 59

For boys,puberty typically begins with

A)the appearance of pubic hair.
B)growth of the testes and scrotum.
C)growth of the penis.
D)the growth spurt.

Question 60

__________ are physical signs of maturity that are not linked directly to the reproductive organs.

A)Primary sex characteristics
B)Secondary sex characteristics
C)Rites of passage
D)Puberty

Question 61

Anorexia

A)does not have any serious consequences.
B)is unrelated to cultural values.
C)occurs more often when parents grant their adolescents much independence.
D)is more common in females than in males.

Question 62

Anorexia and bulimia are more likely to occur in girls who

A)have overprotective parents.
B)are in elementary school.
C)are "trouble makers."
D)are irresponsible.

Question 63

Alicia refuses to eat and is terribly afraid of becoming overweight.Alicia has characteristics of

A)obesity.
B)anorexia nervosa.
C)malnourishment.
D)a typical teenager.

Question 64

Research suggests that severe malnourishment during infancy

A)will not impair childhood intellectual ability as long as children have attained normal height and weight.
B)nearly always stunts height and weight in later childhood.
C)has been found to result in normal physical development,but below average intelligence during later childhood.
D)will stunt physical growth,but will not impair intellectual development.

Question 65

Genes

A)are not related to weight.
B)are related to activity level.
C)do not influence basal metabolic rate.
D)do not influence the rate of calorie burning.

Question 66

Malnourishment is most harmful during

A)adolescence.
B)middle childhood.
C)the preschool years.
D)infancy.

Question 67

The speed at which the body consumes calories is referred to as

A)the basal metabolic rate.
B)the activity level.
C)an internal cue.
D)an external cue.

Question 68

Liv has anorexia nervosa.Which of the following statements would she be LEAST likely to make?

A)"I am SO fat!"
B)"I never want to be overweight."
C)"My parents are so overprotective."
D)"My parents give me a lot of freedom."

Question 69

Early maturing girls

A)are more popular with peers than other girls.
B)are more self-confident than other girls.
C)are more poised and socially competent than other girls.
D)have more negative feelings about their physical development than other girls.

Question 70

Patti was adopted and is obese.Patti's weight is

A)likely to be more closely related to her adoptive parents' weights than to her biological parents' weights.
B)likely to be more closely related to her biological parents' weights than to her adoptive parents' weights.
C)likely to be an average of her biological parents' weights and her adoptive parents' weights.
D)not likely to be related to either her adoptive parents' weights or to her biological parents' weights.

Question 71

Crystal has a fast metabolic rate and Paula has a slow metabolic rate;therefore,

A)Paula burns calories more rapidly than Crystal.
B)Crystal burns calories more rapidly than Paula.
C)Paula reached puberty earlier than Crystal.
D)Crystal reached puberty earlier than Paula.

Question 72

Penelope is undergoing treatment for malnourishment.The most appropriate treatment would be one that

A)focused solely on improving Penelope's diet.
B)educated Penelope's parents about malnourishment.
C)used medication to control Penelope's behavior.
D)combined dietary improvements with parent training.

Question 73

You are asked to create a brochure for a "Hungry Children" campaign designed to educate the public about malnourishment during infancy and childhood.Which of the following subtitles would be most appropriate to include in the brochure?

A)"Parents - Stimulate Your Malnourished Children"
B)"Malnutrition - Only a Third World Problem"
C)"How to Treat Hyperactivity Resulting From Malnutrition"
D)"How to Avoid Malnourishment During Its Most Dangerous Period - Adolescence"

Question 74

Adolescent girls are more likely to develop anorexia when

A)they perceive themselves to be of normal weight.
B)their mothers are satisfied with their own weights.
C)their parents are autocratic.
D)they ignore the cultural ideals of the female body.

Question 75

Gavin was severely malnourished as an infant.He is likely to experience damage to his __________,which may affect his intelligence and ability to pay attention.

A)brain
B)pituitary gland
C)hormones
D)basal metabolic rate

Question 76

Malnutrition

A)is common only in developing nations.
B)does not affect children's size or intelligence.
C)is especially damaging during middle childhood.
D)needs to be treated by training parents to stimulate their children.

Question 77

___________ is characterized by alternating between binge eating and purging through self-induced vomiting or with laxatives.

A)Anorexia nervosa
B)Obesity
C)Bulimia
D)Malnourishment

Question 78

Which of the following is TRUE of obese children?

A)They have severe behavior problems.
B)They are viewed favorably by their peers.
C)They are at risk for diabetes and high blood pressure.
D)They are likely to outgrow their "baby fat" and become slim adults.

Question 79

Dwayne is an early maturing male and Camille is an early maturing female.Which of the following statements about Dwayne and Camille is most likely to be true?

A)Many of the influences that early maturation have on Dwayne and Camille may disappear during adulthood,particularly if a supportive environment is provided.
B)Camille will benefit more from her early maturation than Dwayne will from his.
C)Camille and Dwayne will both be more popular with their peers in school than later maturing adolescents.
D)Camille and Dwayne will both be more self-confident than later maturing adolescents.

Question 80

If Paul is a typical obese child,he

A)has many friends.
B)is the only one in his family who is overweight.
C)is at risk for many medical problems.
D)feels positively about himself.