Deck 3: Prenatal Development, Birth and the Newborn

Question 1

The period from conception to birth normally lasts on average __________ weeks.

A)30
B)34
C)38
D)42

Answer 1

38

Question 2

A fertilized egg is called a(n)

A)amnion.
B)umbilical cord.
C)mesoderm.
D)zygote.

Answer 2

zygote.

Question 3

Immediately after conception,a fertilized egg is referred to as a(n)

A)fetus.
B)embryo.
C)germ disc.
D)zygote.

Answer 3

zygote.

Question 4

When the zygote consists of about 100 cells and looks like a hollow ball,it is called a(n)

A)fertilized egg.
B)embryo.
C)fetus.
D)blastocyst.

Question 5

Amy doesn't know it yet,but she is pregnant.She conceived one week ago and has not yet missed a menstrual period.Amy's developing child is in the period of the

A)fetus.
B)zygote.
C)embryo.
D)endoderm.

Question 6

Events set in motion when a teenage girl gives birth that make it harder for her to provide an environment that's positive for her child's development are known as

A)social selections.
B)social influences.
C)sociocultural theories.
D)sociocultural events.

Question 7

During the period of the embryo,most of the organs are in place,in some form.One notable exception is the

A)heart.
B)sex organs.
C)lungs.
D)brain.

Question 8

A zygote is

A)a structure through which nutrients and wastes are exchanged between the mother and the developing organism.
B)a sac filled with amniotic fluid.
C)a fertilized egg.
D)what a developing organism is called after it is completely embedded in the uterine wall.

Question 9

One of the best ways to combat Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)is to

A)put the baby to sleep on his or her back.
B)put the baby to sleep on his or her stomach.
C)put the baby to sleep on his or her side.
D)sleeping position does not matter - any position is okay as long as the baby is in a crib.

Question 10

The zygote implants into the

A)uterine wall.
B)fallopian tube.
C)vaginal wall.
D)ovarian wall.

Question 11

Mothers and fathers who attend childbirth classes

A)are more likely to use drugs to cope with the pain of labor than those who do not attend classes.
B)feel more positive about labor and delivery than those who do not attend classes.
C)are less likely to use deep breathing techniques during labor than those who do not attend classes.
D)are less likely to understand what is happening during labor and delivery than those who do not attend
Classes.

Question 12

Your friend,Marie,is pregnant and wants to learn about the changes that will take place in the child she is carrying before it is born.You suggest that she go to the library and look up

A)prenatal development.
B)neonatal development.
C)the Apgar.
D)anoxia.

Question 13

The final and longest stage of prenatal development is the period of the

A)zygote.
B)blastocyst.
C)embryo.
D)fetus.

Question 14

The least invasive method of prenatal diagnosis is

A)ultrasound.
B)amniocentesis.
C)chorionic villus sampling.
D)fetal medicine.

Question 15

At about four days after conception,the zygote consists of about 100 cells resembling a hollow ball known as a(n)

A)egg.
B)germ disc.
C)blastocyst.
D)amnion.

Question 16

One of the problems with determining the impact of stress on human pregnancy is that

A)studies are correlational,so cause and effect cannot be determined.
B)most pregnant women do not experience stress,so it is hard to study.
C)stress is not confounded with other variables,like smoking and drinking.
D)stress in animals manifests itself in the same way as stress in humans.

Question 17

Which of the following environmental teratogens is associated with increased risk of leukemia?

A)lead
B)mercury
C)PCBs
D)X-rays

Question 18

All of the following are steps women can take toward having a healthy baby EXCEPT

A)exercising throughout pregnancy.
B)getting enough rest,especially during the last two months of pregnancy.
C)doubling their caloric intake because they are eating for two.
D)visiting the doctor for regular prenatal checkups.

Question 19

Implantation of the fertilized egg into the uterus begins

A)immediately after conception.
B)about one week after conception.
C)during the period of the embryo.
D)during the period of the fetus.

Question 20

Which of the following events does not occur during the period of the zygote?

A)rapid division of the cells
B)differentiation of cells
C)development of body structures and internal organs
D)implantation

Question 21

The __________ will form the digestive system and the lungs.

A)endoderm
B)amnion
C)ectoderm
D)mesoderm

Question 22

The __________ houses blood vessels that join the embryo to the placenta.

A)amnion
B)amniotic fluid
C)umbilical cord
D)endoderm

Question 23

Differentiation of cells begins

A)during the period of the embryo.
B)during the period of the fetus.
C)during the period of the zygote.
D)at birth.

Question 24

The __________ is a fluid-filled sac that cushions the embryo and maintains a constant temperature.

A)placenta
B)umbilical cord
C)germ disc
D)amniotic sac

Question 25

Once implantation is complete,the developing organism is called a(n)

A)fetus.
B)zygote.
C)germ disc.
D)embryo.

Question 26

The hair,the outer layer of skin,and the nervous system develop from the

A)ectoderm.
B)endoderm.
C)mesoderm.
D)germ disc.

Question 27

Three layers called the ectoderm,mesoderm,and endoderm form in the developing organism during the period of the

A)amnion.
B)fetus.
C)zygote.
D)embryo.

Question 28

In the __________,the blood vessels from the umbilical cord run close to the mother's blood vessels,but aren't actually connected to them.

A)amnion
B)placenta
C)zygote
D)germ disc

Question 29

The __________ is the inner layer,the __________ is the middle layer,and the __________ is the outer layer of the embryo.

A)mesoderm;ectoderm;endoderm
B)ectoderm;mesoderm;endoderm
C)endoderm;mesoderm;ectoderm
D)endoderm;ectoderm;mesoderm

Question 30

The __________ is where nutrients and wastes are exchanged between the mother and the developing organism.

A)germ disc
B)placenta
C)ectoderm
D)amnion

Question 31

The longest phase of prenatal development is the period of

A)the embryo.
B)viability.
C)the fetus.
D)the zygote.

Question 32

The umbilical cord

A)has blood vessels that connect the embryo to the placenta.
B)has blood vessels that are directly connected to the mother's blood vessels.
C)develops during the period of the fetus.
D)is filled with amniotic fluid.

Question 33

The period of the embryo goes from __________ weeks after conception.

A)zero to two
B)three to eight
C)six to 12
D)nine to 38

Question 34

Erin is eight weeks pregnant with her first child.She wonders what her developing child looks like.You tell her that her developing child resembles a

A)hollow ball.
B)salamander more than a human being.
C)human being complete with eyes,jaw,arms,and legs,but no sex organs.
D)human being complete with functional lungs and sex organs.

Question 35

The process of a zygote burrowing into the uterine wall is referred to as

A)fertilization.
B)implantation.
C)differentiation.
D)crowning.

Question 36

Most of the body structures and internal organs develop during the period of the

A)embryo.
B)fetus.
C)zygote.
D)ectoderm.

Question 37

The developing organism is called an embryo

A)from the moment of conception.
B)when cell division begins.
C)when bodily systems begin to work.
D)once implantation is complete.

Question 38

The __________ will form muscles,bones,and the circulatory system.

A)ectoderm
B)mesoderm
C)placenta
D)endoderm

Question 39

Near the center of a zygote is a small cluster of cells called the __________,which will eventually develop into the baby.

A)placenta
B)amnion
C)fetus
D)germ disc

Question 40

Your sister is pregnant and wonders how her baby takes in nutrients and gets rid of waste products.You tell her that it happens through a structure called a(n)

A)germ disc.
B)amnion.
C)placenta.
D)ectoderm.

Question 41

Your friend,Kristy,is terribly concerned about getting fat during pregnancy,so she has severely restricted her calorie intake.What would you tell her about eating during pregnancy?

A)"You're right to keep your calorie intake low.It'll make losing weight after the baby's born much easier,and the baby won't be affected because she is going to get all the nourishment she needs from you anyway."
B)"Keep restricting your calories! Research shows that mothers who eat low calorie,low fat diets during pregnancy have healthier,smarter babies."
C)"You'd better start eating better.Inadequately nourished babies are likely to be born prematurely,are more vulnerable to illness,and may have damaged nervous systems."
D)"Eat whatever you want and don't worry about getting fat.Ninety percent of the weight gained during pregnancy is the baby,the placenta,and the fluid in the amniotic sac.Just make sure you get plenty of calories and you'll have a healthy baby."

Question 42

When pregnant women do not consume enough folic acid,they are likely to have babies born with

A)rubella.
B)low birth weight.
C)cytomegalovirus.
D)spina bifida.

Question 43

The age of viability refers to the

A)time since conception.
B)age at which a baby is expected to be born.
C)age at which a fetus can hear sounds.
D)age at which a fetus has a chance to survive if born.

Question 44

Newborns whose mothers had read The Cat in the Hat aloud twice a day during the last two months of pregnancy

A)did not show any recognition of the story.
B)would suck to hear tapes of their mother reading The Cat in the Hat,but not other stories.
C)could not hear the story because their ears were not well-developed.
D)listened to The Cat in the Hat and other stories equally.

Question 45

Inadequate prenatal nourishment is associated with

A)damage to the nervous system.
B)blindness.
C)deafness.
D)encephalitis.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation for having a healthy baby?

A)Stop drinking alcohol and caffeinated beverages.
B)Eat healthy foods including food from each of the five major food groups.
C)Limit exercise.Exercise during pregnancy can rob the baby of essential nutrients.
D)Get enough rest,especially during the last two months of pregnancy.

Question 47

Cheri is 28 weeks pregnant,has gone into labor,and is worried about what will happen if her baby is born now.Cheri's baby

A)is unlikely to survive.
B)has a chance to survive,but may have difficulty breathing and regulating his body temperature.
C)has a chance to survive,but will not yet be able to hear.
D)is sufficiently developed that he has an excellent chance of survival with little risk of developmental problems.

Question 48

Amy is of average height and weight.How much weight should she gain during pregnancy?

A)five to 10 pounds
B)10 to 20 pounds
C)25 to 35 pounds
D)40 to 50 pounds

Question 49

Your friend,Cassie,is eight months pregnant and has heard that she should read to her unborn child.What would you tell her based on research of reading aloud during pregnancy?

A)Don't bother.Your baby's hearing isn't sufficiently developed to hear you anyway.
B)Your baby can hear,but the uterine environment is so noisy that your baby is not going to hear what you read very well.
C)If you read to your baby before she's born,she will be able to hear you,but she won't have any memory of it after she's born.
D)If you read to your baby before she's born,not only will she hear you,but after she is born she might recognize the rhythm of a story you read to her in utero.

Question 50

The period of the __________ lasts from nine to 38 weeks after conception.

A)fetus
B)zygote
C)germ disc
D)embryo

Question 51

Stress during pregnancy

A)is harmful even when it is relatively mild.
B)increases the mother's resistance to illness during pregnancy.
C)is associated with premature birth and low birthweight babies.
D)does not appear to have any harmful effects on the developing child.

Question 52

Which of the following is TRUE of the relationship between maternal stress during pregnancy and outcomes for the baby?

A)Maternal stress increases the flow of blood to the fetus.
B)Women who report greater anxiety during pregnancy more often give birth early or have babies who weigh less than average.
C)Stress does not seem to affect a pregnant woman's immune system.
D)The effects of occasional,mild anxiety are the same as those associated with prolonged,extreme stress.

Question 53

During the period of the fetus

A)cells begin to differentiate.
B)most of the bodily structures and organs are formed.
C)an insulating layer of fat develops.
D)very little growth of the fetus occurs.

Question 54

The weight of the baby,placenta,and amniotic fluid makes up about __________ of the weight that a pregnant woman gains.

A)one-quarter
B)one-third
C)one-half
D)all

Question 55

Research in which mothers read aloud during the last months of their pregnancy suggests that

A)fetuses are unable to hear.
B)fetuses are able to hear in utero,but will not remember what they heard in utero after they are born.
C)newborns are able to recognize some sounds they heard before they were born.
D)both fetuses and newborns prefer non-rhythmic to rhythmic sounds.

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a general risk factor for prenatal development?

A)nutrition
B)ethnic background
C)mother's age
D)stress

Question 57

Katrina is pregnant and wonders how much food she should eat.She should

A)reduce her calorie consumption by 10 to 20%.
B)consume the same number of calories as she did before she became pregnant.
C)increase her calorie consumption by 10 to 20%.
D)increase her calorie consumption by 100%.

Question 58

Which of the following pregnant women has an increased risk of having a child with spina bifida?

A)Elizabeth,who is under a great deal of stress
B)Elaine,who is a heavy drinker
C)Eleanor,who has rubella
D)Ellen,whose diet is low in folic acid

Question 59

The age of viability occurs around the

A)third month of prenatal development.
B)fifth month of prenatal development.
C)seventh month of prenatal development.
D)ninth month of prenatal development.

Question 60

During the period of __________,the developing individual becomes much larger and its bodily systems begin to work.

A)the zygote
B)the fetus
C)the embryo
D)differentiation

Question 61

The incidence of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome is highest for women in their

A)teens.
B)twenties.
C)thirties.
D)forties.

Question 62

Gitte has AIDS and is pregnant.What are the potential consequences for her offspring?

A)frequent infections,neurological disorders,and death
B)mental retardation,damage to eyes,ears,and heart
C)deafness,blindness,and an abnormally small head
D)encephalitis,enlarged spleen,and improper blood clotting

Question 63

Anne drank heavily during her pregnancy.She has an increased risk of having a child

A)who is mentally retarded.
B)with Down syndrome.
C)with deformed limbs.
D)who is irritable.

Question 64

__________ can be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her baby as it passes through the birth canal.

A)Genital herpes
B)Rubella
C)Syphilis
D)Cytomegalovirus

Question 65

Teenage mothers are

A)more likely to have children who do less well in school and who have more behavioral problems.
B)more likely to have babies with Down syndrome.
C)less likely to have problems with pregnancy,labor,and delivery.
D)are more likely to seek out prenatal care.

Question 66

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)is most likely among women who are heavy recreational drinkers,which is defined as drinking ___________ ounces of alcohol a few times each week.

A)9 or more
B)5 or more
C)7 or more
D)3 or more

Question 67

Any agent that causes abnormal prenatal development is referred to as a(n)

A)teratogen.
B)stress.
C)anoxia.
D)cytomegalovirus.

Question 68

Sara Jaffee believes that teenage motherhood leads to harmful consequences through two distinct mechanisms.One of these mechanism refers to events set in motion when a teenage girl gives birth - events that make it harder for her to provide a positive environment for her child's development.This is known as

A)social influence.
B)peer pressure.
C)social selection.
D)social engineering.
)

Question 69

__________ during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of having a baby with deformed arms,legs,hands,or fingers.

A)Having AIDS
B)Using marijuana
C)Using cocaine
D)Taking thalidomide

Question 70

__________ can be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her baby both through the placenta and during passage through the birth canal.

A)Genital herpes
B)Cytomegalovirus
C)Syphilis
D)AIDS

Question 71

Women who smoke marijuana while pregnant have an increased risk of having a(n)

A)irritable baby.
B)low birthweight baby with poor motor control.
C)baby with facial deformities and retarded growth.
D)mentally retarded baby.

Question 72

Roxanne is a 16-year-old African American pregnant with her first child.Which of the following statements is true?

A)If Roxanne gets adequate prenatal care,she is just as likely as a woman in her 20s to have a problem-free pregnancy and to give birth to a healthy child.
B)If Roxanne gives birth to a healthy child,the child has no greater risk of later school or behavioral problems than a child born to a woman in her 20s.
C)Roxanne is as likely as a woman in her 20s to seek out good prenatal care.
D)Even with good prenatal care,Roxanne is less likely than a woman in her 20s to have a problem-free pregnancy and a healthy child.

Question 73

Regina is pregnant and has heard that maternal stress during pregnancy can be harmful to the unborn baby.She is generally calm and happy,but becomes a little upset when her favorite basketball team loses and wonders if she should stop watching basketball until her baby is born.What should she do?

A)Regina should either quit watching basketball or start rooting for a better team.Maternal stress at any level has been found to have harmful consequences on prenatal development.
B)Regina should keep following her favorite team.Maternal stress has been found to have a positive,stimulating effect on an unborn child.
C)As long as Regina doesn't get too upset and stressed when her team loses,she should keep watching basketball.Although excessive stress may harm prenatal development,mild anxiety is not thought to have any harmful consequences on prenatal development.
D)Regina should do whatever she wants to do.Even high levels of stress do not appear to be related to prenatal development.

Question 74

The best policy for pregnant women to follow concerning alcohol is to

A)not drink at all.
B)drink lightly.
C)drink moderately.
D)drink heavily.

Question 75

Who has the best chance of having a healthy baby?

A)Silvia,who is 16 years old and under a great deal of stress because her pregnancy is unwanted and she's afraid to tell anyone about it.
B)Judi,who is 26 years old and constantly dieting.
C)Rebecca,who is 34 years old and gets regular checkups.
D)Lynn,who is 42 years old and eats right.

Question 76

Maternal stress during pregnancy may affect prenatal development because when a pregnant woman experiences stress

A)her immune system is weakened.
B)oxygen flow to the fetus is increased.
C)she is less likely to smoke and drink.
D)she is more likely to consume high levels of folic acid.

Question 77

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

A)is a genetic disorder.
B)can result in an abnormally small head.
C)is associated with deformed arms,legs,hands,or fingers.
D)is likely to result in encephalitis.

Question 78

Children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

A)are usually born prematurely.
B)may have serious attentional problems.
C)usually have normal levels of intelligence.
D)have deformed limbs.

Question 79

Women who took thalidomide during pregnancy gave birth to offspring with a high incidence of

A)mental retardation.
B)deafness and blindness.
C)deformed arms,legs,hands,or fingers.
D)poor verbal and memory skills.

Question 80

Kim contracted rubella while she was pregnant;therefore,she is at risk of having a baby with

A)mental retardation and damaged eyes,ears,and heart.
B)damage to the central nervous system,teeth,and bones.
C)an abnormally small head.
D)frequent infections and neurological disorders.