Deck 1: Temperature and Heat

Question 1

Which fundamental quantity does the average person measure most often every day?

A) Mass
B) Length
C) Time
D) Electric charge

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Historically, which measurement may have been defined as the distance from the royal nose to the thumb of the royal outstretched arm?

A) 1 foot
B) 1 yard
C) 1 meter
D) 1 kilometer

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A very tentative explanation of observations of some regularity of nature is a(n)

A) scientific law.
B) theory.
C) experiment.
D) hypothesis.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The most information about our environment comes to us through the sense of

A) smell.
B) sight.
C) hearing.
D) touch.

Question 5

A pint of water (on Earth) is approximately

A) 1 pound.
B) 1 gram.
C) 1 kilogram.
D) 1 quart.

Question 6

A successfully tested hypothesis may take on the status of a(n)

A) experimental result.
B) theory.
C) scientific law.
D) concept.
E) superior hypothesis.

Question 7

Which has a larger mass, a liter of water or a liter of mercury (a liquid metal)?

A) mercury
B) water
C) none of these

Question 8

Our senses may obtain less-than-accurate information concerning our physical world because they

A) have limited sensitivity.
B) have a limited range.
C) are useless.
D) can be deceived.

Question 9

In a debate, is the statement "It's only a theory" a valid argument point against a theory (as in "The theory of evolution is wrong because it's only a theory")?

A) Yes, theories are weak.
B) No, theories are strong.
C) No, theories are weak.
D) Yes, theories are meaningless.

Question 10

Which of the following is not considered a major physical science:

A) Physics
B) Astronomy
C) Geology
D) Biology
E) Meteorology

Question 11

The word science comes from the Latin word meaning

A) "experiment."
B) "investigate."
C) "knowledge."
D) "debate."

Question 12

A standard unit

A) is the same in all systems of units.
B) may not be fixed in value.
C) is found only in the British system.
D) is used for taking accurate measurements.
E) is found only in the metric system.

Question 13

Which has a larger volume, a liter of water or a liter of mercury (a liquid metal)?

A) water
B) mercury
C) none of these

Question 14

Which has more volume, a liter or a quart?

A) A liter
B) A quart
C) Both are the same
D) Neither describes volume

Question 15

Which of the following is not a fundamental quantity?

A) Weight
B) Length
C) Time
D) Mass

Question 16

Which statement is incorrect?

A) A kilogram has an equivalent weight greater than that of a pound.
B) A kilometer is longer than a mile.
C) A meter is longer than a yard.
D) A liter is larger than a quart.

Question 17

A quantitative observation that is the basis of scientific investigation is a(n)

A) experiment.
B) measurement.
C) explanation.
D) number.

Question 18

The standard unit of time is the

A) hour.
B) day.
C) second.
D) minute.

Question 19

A scientific law describes

A) the scientific method.
B) a fundamental relationship of nature.
C) the behavior of nature.
D) an experiment.

Question 20

The mass of a cubic meter of water is

A) 1 metric ton.
B) 100 kg.
C) 100 L.
D) 1 lb.

Question 21

The metric prefix that means one-hundredth (1/100) is

A) kilo-.
B) centi-.
C) mega-.
D) milli-.

Question 22

The metric prefix that means one-thousandth (1/1000) is

A) kilo-.
B) centi-.
C) milli-.
D) nano-.

Question 23

The metric prefix that means one million (1,000,000) is

A) centi-.
B) mega-.
C) milli-.
D) nano-.

Question 24

Which of the following is not a standard metric unit?

A) Kilogram
B) Meter
C) Second
D) Gram

Question 25

The meter was defined originally as

A) one ten-millionth of the diameter of Earth.
B) one ten-millionth of the distance from the equator to the North Pole.
C) the wavelength of a line in the spectrum of krypton-86.
D) the length of a platinum-iridium bar.

Question 26

One kilogram is the same as

A) 1000 g.
B) 1/1000 kg.
C) 10,000 g.
D) 0.001 g.

Question 27

The standard unit of distance in the mks system is the

A) centimeter
B) inch
C) kilometer
D) meter
E) second

Question 28

The metric prefix that means ten (10) is

A) deci
B) deka
C) milli
D) centi
E) kilo

Question 29

The standard unit of mass in the mks system is the

A) meter
B) kilogram
C) pound
D) second
E) gram

Question 30

The current definition of a kilogram is the mass of a platinum-iridium cylinder kept in

A) the United States.
B) France.
C) England.
D) Japan.

Question 31

In what year did the United States officially adopt the metric system?

A) 1893
B) 1995
C) 2011
D) 1776
E) none of these

Question 32

In the SI, m is the symbol for

A) mass.
B) meter.
C) mole.
D) metric.

Question 33

A cubic centimeter of pure water at maximum density has a mass of

A) 1 g.
B) 1 kg.
C) 1 cg.
D) 1 lb.
E) none of these

Question 34

The standard unit of time, the second, is now defined with reference to

A) the Earth's revolution period.
B) the mean solar day.
C) the cesium-133 atom.
D) the Earth's rotation period.

Question 35

The meter is presently defined as

A) one ten-millionth of the diameter of Earth.
B) the wavelength of a line in the spectrum of krypton-86.
C) the length of a platinum-iridium bar.
D) the distance light travels in a vacuum in a very short time.

Question 36

The standard unit of time in the mks system is the

A) meter
B) kilogram
C) second
D) minute
E) microsecond

Question 37

The standard unit of length, the meter, is now defined with reference to

A) a meridian on the Earth.
B) the French metre.
C) the speed of light.
D) a platinum-iridium bar.
E) a member of the royal family.

Question 38

The metric prefix that means one thousand (1000) is

A) kilo-.
B) centi-.
C) mega-.
D) milli-.

Question 39

The metric prefix that means one tenth (1/10) is ...

A) deka
B) deci
C) centi
D) milli
E) none of these

Question 40

Which of the following is a unit of mass density?

A) kg/m³
B) g/cm²
C) lb/ft³
D) lb/ft²

Question 41

A derived unit

A) involves only length.
B) is a combination of units.
C) applies only to density.
D) is not found in the metric system.

Question 42

One megawatt contains how many watts?

A) 10³
B) 10^-6
C) 10⁶
D) 10^-3

Question 43

Expressed in standard powers-of-10 notation and rounded to four significant figures, the number 0.00023648 is

A) 2.364 $\times$ 10³.
B) 2.365 $\times$ 10⁴.
C) 2.365 $\times$ 10^-4.
D) 236.4 $\times$ 10^-6.

Question 44

A measurement of 0.00254 g is the same as

A) 0.254 mg.
B) 25.4 mg.
C) 254 mg.
D) 2.54 mg.
E) none of these.

Question 45

The International System of Units (SI) has ______________ base units.

A) four
B) six
C) seven
D) five

Question 46

Density describes

A) mass per unit volume.
B) length per unit time.
C) volume per liter.
D) weight per mass.

Question 47

In buying a product, a shopper has a choice of the following amounts, all at the same price. Which is the best buy?

A) 432 cc
B) 1 pint
C) 1 half-liter
D) 450 mL

Question 48

A hydrometer is used to measure

A) the time for an object to sink.
B) water (hydro).
C) the volume of a quantity of water.
D) liquid density.

Question 49

A metric ton (or tonne) is

A) the same as a British ton.
B) not defined.
C) a mass unit.
D) a weight unit.

Question 50

An object's weight would be different on Earth and on the Moon. Which of the following would also be different?

A) Mass density
B) Mass
C) Length
D) Volume
E) None of these

Question 51

The speed of light in a vacuum is 300,000,000 m/s. Represented in powers-of-10 notation, this is

A) 30 $\times$ 10⁸m/s.
B) 3 $\times$ 10⁷m/s.
C) 30 $\times$ 10⁶m/s.
D) 3 $\times$ 10⁸m/s.

Question 52

Rounding the number 200.601 to three significant figures

A) gives 199.
B) gives 200.
C) gives 200.601
D) gives 201.
E) cannot be done.

Question 53

One microgram (μg) contains how many grams?

A) 10^-3
B) 10^-6
C) 10^-9
D) 10³

Question 54

An object transported from Earth's surface to the surface of the Moon has

A) the same mass, but different weight.
B) the same weight, but different mass.
C) the same mass and the same weight.
D) different mass and different weight.
E) none of these.

Question 55

When multiplying and/or dividing quantities, you should report

A) the result rounded to the same number of digits as there are in the quantity with the greatest number of significant figures.
B) all the digits that show on your calculator.
C) only whole numbers.
D) the result rounded to the same number of digits as there are in the quantity with the least number of significant figures.

Question 56

Which of the following quantities expressed in derived units includes the unit of length?

A) Area
B) Volume
C) Speed
D) Density
E) All of these

Question 57

A method of expressing the accuracy of measured quantities is

A) metric prefixes.
B) derived units.
C) significant figures.
D) conversion factors.

Question 58

What is the mass of 25 cm³ of pure water?

A) None of these
B) 25 kg
C) 25 g
D) 25 mL

Question 59

Which of the following is not a derived quantity?

A) Volume
B) Speed
C) Mass
D) Density

Question 60

A relationship such as 1 in. = 2.54 cm is a(n)

A) equivalence statement.
B) base unit.
C) derived unit.
D) fundamental quantity.

Question 61

A(n) ______________ is a tested explanation of a broad segment of basic natural phenomena.

Question 62

For the multiplication of 8.936 m divided by 1.90 m, the result should be reported with how many significant figures?

A) Two
B) One
C) Three
D) Four
E) Seven

Question 63

When the measured quantity 45.67 kg is divided by the measured quantity 3.42 L, the answer should have how many significant figures?

A) Three
B) One
C) Four
D) Two

Question 64

A hypothesis is a very tentative explanation of some ______________ of nature.

Question 65

The measurement of space in any direction is called ______________.

Question 66

The scientific method holds that no theory is valid unless its predictions are in accord with ______________.

Question 67

The natural sciences are divided into physical sciences and ________________ sciences.

Question 68

For the multiplication of 7.443 m times 8.00 m, the result should be reported with how many significant figures?

A) Two
B) One
C) Three
D) Four
E) Seven

Question 69

______________ is a measurement of the quantity of matter.

Question 70

For the multiplication of 3.799 m divided by 4.9 m, the result should be reported with how many significant figures?

A) Two
B) One
C) Three
D) Four
E) Seven

Question 71

For the multiplication of 8.481 m times 7.7 m, the result should be reported with how many significant figures?

A) Two
B) One
C) Three
D) Four
E) Seven

Question 72

An object's mass would be the same on Earth and on the Moon, but its ______________ would be different.

Question 73

A scientific law is a concise statement that describes a(n) ______________ of nature.

Question 74

______________ is the continuous forward flow of events.

Question 75

For the multiplication of 6.8 m divided by 8.6 m, the result should be reported with how many significant figures?

A) Two
B) One
C) Three
D) Four
E) Seven

Question 76

A proposed concept or model of nature is tested using the ______________.

Question 77

The natural sciences are divided into ______________ sciences and biological sciences.

Question 78

For the multiplication of 8.1 m times 6.4 m, the result should be reported with how many significant figures?

A) Two
B) One
C) Three
D) Four
E) Seven

Question 79

The three fundamental quantities studied in Chapter 1 are length, mass, and ______________.

Question 80

An object's ______________would be the same on Earth and on the Moon, but its weight would be different.