Deck 11: Molecular Techniques

Question 1

Which type of RNA is used to directly translate the DNA code into making functional proteins?

A) transfer RNA
B) ribosomal RNA
C) messenger RNA
D) probe RNA

Answer 1

messenger RNA

Question 2

In which technique is the signal amplified instead of the actual target DNA?

A) branched DNA amplification
B) PCR
C) transcription-mediated amplification
D) solution hybridization

Answer 2

branched DNA amplification

Question 3

What would be an advantage of using molecular diagnostic techniques in identification of specific HLA antigens instead of serological techniques?

A) less quality control needed
B) more specific
C) more rapid
D) all of the above
E) all except one of the above

Answer 3

all except one of the above

Question 4

What is meant by semi-conservative replication of DNA?

A) Only part of the molecule is reproduced at one time.
B) Each strand is the template for another strand.
C) One copy is the same and another copy is different.
D) DNA uses RNA to make new copies.

Question 5

In order for a probe to hybridize to the target,which condition must be met?

A) The target must be double-stranded.
B) The target can only be RNA.
C) The target must have the same bases.
D) The target must have complementary bases.

Question 6

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Their DNA base sequences are the same.
B) Different DNA bases result in cleavage at different places.
C) They are detected by gel electrophoresis.
D) Different patterns can be used for identification purposes.

Question 7

In DNA sequencing,what is the purpose of the dideoxynucleotide bases?

A) to enhance synthesis of DNA
B) to stop growth of a DNA chain at a certain point
C) to make certain that only one strand of DNA is amplified
D) to create restriction fragment length polymorphisms

Question 8

Restriction endonucleases used in DNA analysis are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

A) They cut at very specific sites.
B) They produce a pattern unique to each individual.
C) They occur naturally in bacteria.
D) They cleave both DNA and RNA.

Question 9

A short strand of DNA or RNA used to detect an unknown nucleic acid in a patient specimen best describes a:

A) nucleic acid probe
B) restriction enzyme
C) primer
D) restriction fragment length polymorphism

Question 10

A reaction characterized by amplification of a specific region of a DNA strand through denaturing and annealing best describes which of the following?

A) signal amplification
B) polymerase chain reaction
C) solution hybridization
D) ligase chain reaction

Question 11

Which is the correct conclusion if results of DNA restriction analysis by gel electrophoresis show a difference in one band?

A) The samples are the same.
B) The samples are not identical.
C) Gel electrophoresis should be repeated.
D) The wrong buffer was used in electrophoresis.

Question 12

Use of microarrays consisting of either DNA or RNA to identify an unknown nucleic acid best describes:

A) in situ hybridization
B) polymerase chain reaction
C) DNA chip technology
D) strand displacement amplification

Question 13

Which of the following steps are included in a Southern blot?

A) ligation of DNA probes by a DNA ligase
B) gel electrophoresis followed by transfer of the pattern to a membrane
C) denaturation of DNA followed by annealing of primers and bases
D) creating a nick in a DNA strand followed by amplification