Deck 22: Relationship Testing

Question 1

In HLA serologic testing, how are cytotoxic effects of antigen-antibody interactions detected?

A) There is visible agglutination, or clumping.
B) The cells remain clear.
C) Trypan blue or eosin stains the cells because of loss of membrane integrity.
D) There is hemolysis.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The inclusionary calculations are deemed invalid if which of the following possible subjects is to be ruled out as the alleged father of the child?

A) Brother
B) Uncle
C) Father
D) All of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following AABB standards must be met in paternity testing?

A) DNA testing using double-locus probes
B) Independent reading of electrophoretograms by two technologists
C) HLA and red blood cell antigen testing performed by two independent laboratories
D) All of the above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Given the gene frequencies of MS and NS, what is the genotype frequency (MS/NS), assuming the genotype could occur in two different ways: MS: 0.2578 or NS: 0.0628.

A) 0.0004
B) 0.0625
C) 0.0324
D) 0.0054

Question 5

What is the statistical basis of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

A) Selection of mates is dependent on blood types and therefore is random.
B) Selection of mates is dependent on blood types and therefore is biased.
C) Selection of mates is independent of blood types and therefore is random.
D) Selection of mates is independent of blood types and therefore is biased.

Question 6

How is DNA testing advantageous to paternity cases?

A) It provides cloning capabilities in xenographic studies.
B) It provides visual insight into genetically inherited differences among individuals.
C) It provides insight into approximate time of conception.
D) It establishes a means of stem cell transplantation for related individuals.

Question 7

What technology is used to demonstrate the presence of allelic variants of red blood cell enzymes and serum proteins?

A) Electrophoresis
B) Polymerase chain reaction
C) Ion-exchange chromatography
D) Fluorescence polarization

Question 8

Samples for paternity testing have arrived at Forensic Laboratories, Inc. What documentation should the shipping container contain?

A) Social Security number
B) Date of birth
C) Initials
D) Department code

Question 9

Which offspring scenario could not be the result of the marriage shown.

A) Father: MM/Mother: NN-Child: MN
B) Father: MN/Mother: NN-Child: NN
C) Father: MN/Mother: MM-Child: NN
D) Father: NN/Mother: NN-Child: NN

Question 10

How many chromosomes does the developing child normally carry?

A) 23
B) 46
C) 16
D) 32

Question 11

In paternity testing, which of the following systems is the first to be tested against samples drawn from the mother, alleged father, and child?

A) Rh
B) Red blood cell enzymes
C) ABO
D) Kell

Question 12

Which of the following is consistent with a low probability of paternity?

A) Only 1 POG and 1 MOG were found to exist in the Rh system.
B) More than 3 POGs were found in the HLA and MNS groups.
C) The POG had a gene frequency of 0.0004 in the random population.
D) None of the above

Question 13

A newborn is typed as Group O; her mother is Group A. Determine the maximum number of theoretical blood types that the father could be to produce a child of this ABO type.

A) A, B, AB, O
B) A, AB, O
C) A, B, O
D) B, O
E) O

Question 14

How is HLA serologic testing performed?

A) T lymphocytes are harvested and introduced to a panel of test sera specific for antigens of the HLA system.
B) B lymphocytes are harvested and introduced to a panel of test sera specific for antigens of the HLA system.
C) HLA antigens move through a limited pH gradient and are immobilized, complexed with antibody, and stained.
D) DNA is isolated from peripheral white blood cells, fragmented, and hybridized.

Question 15

CODIS stands for:

A) Convicted Offender Digital Identifying System
B) Combined Offender DNA Index System
C) Combined Operation Digital Index System
D) None of the above

Question 16

What component of the Hardy-Weinberg equation (p² + 2pq + q²) signifies heterozygotes?

A) p²
B) 2pq
C) q²
D) None of the above

Question 17

A child was found to express the M+N+ phenotype. The mother's phenotype was M+N-, as was the father's. What type of exclusion is evident in this case?

A) Direct
B) Indirect
C) No exclusion
D) None of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is a structure located within the cell nucleus that carries genes in a linear order as a part of the DNA molecule?

A) Antigen
B) Karyosome
C) Chromosome
D) Locus

Question 19

Apparent opposite homozygosity is also known as:

A) direct exclusion.
B) apparent exclusion.
C) indirect exclusion.
D) direct homozygous transition.

Question 20

What test systems are used in the ascertainment of paternity?

A) Endocrine, RBC, serum protein, enzymes
B) RBC, HLA, enzymes, serum proteins
C) RBC, enzymes, HLA, hormones
D) Viral antigens, RBC, HLA, serum proteins

Question 21

What is the basic unit of inheritance that determines the production or nonproduction of specific markers?

A) Antigen
B) Chromosome
C) Gene
D) Locus

Question 22

What is the major constituent of chromosomes?

A) Golgi bodies
B) Mitochondria
C) RNA
D) DNA

Question 23

Calculate the paternity index, given the X and Y probabilities:

A) 0.999
B) 0.301
C) 0.452
D) 0.002

Question 24

Calculate the relative genotype frequency of MS/Ns, given that the genotype frequencies of MS/Ns and MS/Nu are 0.1999 and 0.0002, respectively. Gene frequency: MS, 0.2578; Ns, 0.3877; Nu, 0.0004.

A) 0.1999
B) 0.0009
C) 0.999
D) 0.2578

Question 25

In the case below, which father is being falsely accused of paternity?

A) Alleged father #1
B) Alleged father #2
C) Both are being falsely accused.
D) Neither is being falsely accused.