Deck 11: Medical Technology, Pharmaceuticals, and Pharmacological Research

Question 1

Which of he following is not true about cost/benefit analysis?

A) It compares efficacy of drugs versus devices.
B) It compares outcomes to costs of treatments.
C) In many countries such an analysis is performed before a technology is adopted by health care professionals.
D) The fact that our technology industry is market driven often makes analysis difficult.

Answer 1

It compares efficacy of drugs versus devices.

Question 2

All of the following are true about ELSI except:

A) it stands for ethical, legal, and social issues.
B) in the U.S. the program is part of the Human Genome Project (HGP) budget.
C) in the U.S. 3-5% of the HGP budget is devoted to this.
D) ELSI is concerned with cost/benefit issues in pharmaceuticals.

Answer 2

ELSI is concerned with cost/benefit issues in pharmaceuticals.

Question 3

Dr. Smith wants the hospital to purchase a new imaging device he has seen at a medical technology conference. The hospital agrees to make the purchase immediately. This is an example of:

A) the hospital's inability to challenge a physician's choice.
B) a cost-benefit analysis approach.
C) a market-driven approach.
D) good salesmanship by the imaging firm.

Answer 3

a market-driven approach.

Question 4

In 2007 the United States spent _______________ on prescription drugs.

A) more than $110 billion but less than $140 billion
B) more than $140 billion but less than $170 billion
C) more than $200 billion but less than $250 billion
D) more than $170 billion but less than $200 billion

Question 5

Pharmaceuticals are:

A) the primary reason health care is so expensive.
B) bioactive agents for therapeutic purposes.
C) therapeutic and diagnostic devices used by health professionals to prevent, treat, and medically assist and diagnose illness.
D) a means to collect and store, analyze, and display health care data.

Question 6

The medical technology industry reinvests _________% of sales in research and development.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 11
D) 20

Question 7

Gene recombination is:

A) swapping an abnormal gene for a normal gene.
B) stem cell therapy.
C) introduction of a vector virus.
D) a translocation of genetic material.

Question 8

About 20 to 100 people participate in this new drug trial phase.

A) Phase IV
B) Phase II
C) Phase I
D) Phase III

Question 9

Gene correction research is being used in the treatment of:

A) HIV/AIDS.
B) multiple sclerosis.
C) SARS.
D) Parkinson's disease.

Question 10

Medical technology is:

A) the research, production, marketing, and dispensing of bioactive agents for therapeutic purposes.
B) a means to collect and store, analyze, and display health care data.
C) the primary reason health care is so expensive.
D) therapeutic and diagnostic devices used by health professionals to prevent, treat, and medically assist and diagnose illness.

Question 11

All of the following statements are true except:

A) faulty genes can be corrected through gene replacement.
B) faulty genes can be corrected through selective reverse mutation.
C) faulty genes cannot be corrected, only identified.
D) faulty genes can be corrected through gene swapping.

Question 12

All of the following gene therapies have been approved by the FDA except:

A) vector virus introduction.
B) DNA manipulation.
C) stem cell therapies.
D) gene replacement.

Question 13

Drugs purchased in the United States _______________ drugs in other countries.

A) cost twice as much as
B) cost three times as much as
C) are equal in cost to
D) are slightly less than the cost of

Question 14

This legislation required labeling of drugs and food additives.

A) 1959 Kefauver Senate hearings
B) 1962 Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
C) Food and Drug Act of 1906
D) Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938

Question 15

Several hundred people participate in this drug-testing phase.

A) Phase II
B) Phase I
C) Phase III
D) Phase IV

Question 16

Fiber optics, microwave, and cryotherapy are used in:

A) laparoscopic surgery.
B) mapping.
C) genetic therapy.
D) minimally invasive surgery.

Question 17

A CT scan is a:

A) process used to read the implanted microchip of lost felines.
B) computerized axial tomography.
C) compound access tomograph.
D) computerized access tomography.

Question 18

Use of this technology has resulted in decreased hospital days.

A) Robotics
B) Antibiotics
C) Radiology
D) Laparoscopic surgery

Question 19

The medical technology industry employs about _____________ people.

A) 256,000
B) 423,000
C) 591,000
D) 725,000

Question 20

This legislation required drug safety testing.

A) 1962 Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
B) Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
C) Food and Drug Act of 1906
D) 1959 Kefauver Senate hearings

Question 21

Describe the Human Genome Project and identify two positive outcomes and two controversial aspects of the project.

Question 22

All of the following are ways a new drug is marketed in the United States except:

A) medical journals and conference reporting.
B) asking the FDA to advertise the drug.
C) marketing by drug representatives of pharmaceutical companies.
D) reaching patients directly by paid advertising.

Question 23

MRIs use miniature cameras during surgery.

Question 24

This drug was the catalyst for the 1962 Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938.
. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

Question 25

Technology in health care can be viewed both positively and negatively. Using cost, access, or the human aspect of health care, identify two advantages and two disadvantages of the increased use of technology in health care.

Question 26

One of the greatest health care concerns in the United States is the cost of prescription drugs. Identify and explain two reasons for the cost of prescription drugs in the United States.

Question 27

The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 gave the FDA more control of new product introduction.

Question 28

All of the following are true about an IND except:

A) it is submitted to begin clinical tests on human subjects.
B) it is first approved by an Institutional Review Board.
C) IND stands for investigational new drug application.
D) if it is approved, phase I testing begins.

Question 29

Once a drug has been approved to market, it can only be recalled by the pharmaceutical company.

Question 30

In _______________ thousands of people participate in new drug testing.

Question 31

_______________ _______________ is one way to control the price of prescription drugs after the patent has expired.

Question 32

List the three questions that must be answered during clinical drug trials for new drugs.

Question 33

Medical technology is equally accessible to all Americans.

Question 34

The FDA does not require the following in direct-to-consumer advertising:

A) accuracy.
B) claims must be supported by substantial evidence.
C) information must reflect a balance of risks and benefits.
D) the cost of the drug compared to other drugs must be stated.

Question 35

Medications that consumers can buy for themselves without a prescription are:

A) generic drugs.
B) over-the-counter drugs.
C) investigational drugs.
D) disease-specific drugs.

Question 36

Blind randomized trials are:

A) new tools which scientists can use to examine millions of compounds a year to screen for good ideas or drug leads.
B) phase I research studies.
C) phase II research studies.
D) studies where volunteers do not know whether they are receiving the drug, a placebo, or standard treatment.

Question 37

New technology can evolve through clinical trials.