Deck 6: Section 2: Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Question 1

Law does not set a limit to the number of _____ though they have to be approved by the judge, and judges _____.

A) peremptory challenges; do not have unlimited patience
B) peremptory challenges; have unlimited patience
C) challenges for cause; have limited patience
D) challenges for cause; have unlimited patience

Answer 1

challenges for cause; have limited patience

Question 2

Lawyers have two types of challenges they can pose to remove a potential juror: challenges for cause and:

A) challenges for bias.
B) challenges for prejudice.
C) peremptory challenges.
D) predisposition challenges.

Answer 2

peremptory challenges.

Question 3

Voir dire is all of the following EXCEPT:

A) the final stage in the jury selection process.
B) a sort of pretrial interview held in open court.
C) a way to exclude attorneys from influencing the trial outcomes.
D) an opportunity for attorneys and the judge to question potential jurors.

Answer 3

a way to exclude attorneys from influencing the trial outcomes.

Question 4

According to the Jury Selection and Service Act of 1968, the voter registration list is the "__________ source" of eligible jurors.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) only

Question 5

According to the text, all of the following shrink the size of the jury pool, EXCEPT:

A) no-shows.
B) exemptions.
C) exclusions.
D) summons.

Question 6

John was summoned for jury duty. He came to court and asked to be excused because he had to take care of his elderly and frail mother living with him and requiring near-constant supervision. According to the text, he used the ____ plea.

A) "elderly caregiver exclusion"
B) "exoneration cause"
C) "undue hardship or extreme inconvenience"
D) automatic exemption

Question 7

_____ attorneys get more peremptory challenges because _____ at the trial.

A) Prosecuting; they take precedence
B) Defense; their clients have more to lose
C) Prosecuting; it requires the judge to agree
D) Defense; they do not get the opportunity to take the stand first or last during the trial

Question 8

Cognizable refers to potential jurors being:

A) acknowledged as sharing a particular characteristic setting them apart from other jurors.
B) selected based on race even if their racial characteristics are not clearly distinguishable.
C) selected based on race only when their racial characteristics are clearly visible.
D) excluded based on gender, race, religion or personality assessment.

Question 9

What is usually called jury _____ is actually a process of _____.

A) desensitization; appreciation of differences
B) selection; eliminating candidates from the pool
C) swearing-in ceremony; explaining the trial procedure
D) stereotyping; social scientific research

Question 10

An additional source for jurors in many states can be all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) licensed drivers.
B) tax rolls.
C) a list of those receiving state benefits.
D) employers' payroll lists.

Question 11

A judge _____ accept(s) the challenges put forth by attorneys regarding jury selection.

A) never
B) sometimes
C) always
D) is obligated to

Question 12

If a potential juror is asked to be removed without explanations as to why he or she is unlikely to be able to deliver an impartial verdict, this type of removal is referred to as:

A) a peremptory challenge.
B) a challenge for bias.
C) a challenge for cause.
D) a predisposition challenge.

Question 13

The lists used by jury commissioners to summon people for jury duty often underrepresent all of the following categories of people, EXCEPT:

A) minorities.
B) poor people.
C) elderly people.
D) people who recently turned 18.

Question 14

Automatic exemptions, for such things as being the primary caretaker for a child or having a serious health condition, might be granted, because serving on a jury would cause the potential juror:

A) undue hardship or inconvenience.
B) too much stress.
C) loss of salary.
D) undue hardship as a result of employment.

Question 15

The group of prospective jurors is referred to as _____, and the process of questioning these people to determine who among them will serve on the jury is called _____.

A) voir dire; venire
B) venire; voir dire
C) venue; shadowing
D) a shadow jury; inquiring

Question 16

Jeremy has worked in a prison for 15 years and has been called to jury duty. He is to serve on a criminal case involving the shooting of a guard during a prison riot. Based on the definition of challenge for cause, Jeremy would be:

A) a likely juror.
B) a critical jury member.
C) an expert witness.
D) an unlikely juror.

Question 17

A challenge for cause is _____, whereas a peremptory challenge _____.

A) based on possible biasing factors; allows lawyers to dismiss a person with no reason given
B) not required to have to explain the reason; is based on the possibility of prejudice
C) based on possible biasing factors; requires the judge to agree
D) not a matter of judge's approval; requires the judge to agree

Question 18

The one day or one trial system is used to:

A) increase guilty pleas.
B) reduce the time defendants spend in jail.
C) turn criminal into civil cases.
D) reduce the number of hardship exemptions.

Question 19

According to the text, when an attorney takes the opportunity to remove a potential juror, it is referred to as:

A) a challenge.
B) venire.
C) an obstacle to equality.
D) recross.

Question 20

The Sixth and Seventh Amendments guarantee the right to a trial by jury in criminal and civil cases. The jury is supposed to be:

A) an impartial group representing community values.
B) a group of a defendant's neighbors and acquaintances.
C) an unbiased group of people who know a defendant's reputation.
D) a group of people representing different parts of the country.

Question 21

When comparing the effectiveness of jury selection, social scientists and lawyers appear to have different approaches. Social scientists rely on _____, whereas lawyers rely on _____.

A) intuition; data collection
B) data collection; intuition
C) experience; intuition
D) intuition; experience

Question 22

Mock juries benefit the trial lawyers when the actual trial and jury selection takes place because:

A) profiles developed through the mock jury studies guide the choices for the real case.
B) mock juries provide little data on actual jury selection.
C) the real case has no bearing on the use of a mock jury in any circumstances.
D) they provide a respite for lawyers and take on some of their duties during the trial.

Question 23

The _____ hypothesis predicts that, when the characteristics of jurors and the defendant are similar enough, it might influence verdicts.

A) decision-suspension
B) similarity-defense
C) similarity-leniency
D) leniency-proneness

Question 24

Among the traits noted as being associated with jurors' verdicts is how people tend to explain what happens to them, or how they answer the question: Are you mostly responsible for what happens to you? This trait is referred to as:

A) locus of control.
B) belief in a just world.
C) authoritarianism.
D) an alternative hypothesis.

Question 25

Nicole is an attorney handling a high-profile case. Much rests with the decision of the jury in terms of damages that may be required of the defendant to pay. To help in the process, she decides to pull together a group that matches the demographics of the actual jury. The group is known as:

A) a mock jury.
B) a trial jury.
C) a potential jury.
D) a shadow jury.

Question 26

According to the text, research completed by Olczak, Kaplan, and Penrod (1991) revealed that seasoned lawyers performed _____ students when selecting favorable juries.

A) slightly better than
B) less well than
C) no better than
D) significantly better than

Question 27

In terms of the burden of proof, in criminal cases, the standard of proof for a person to be found guilty is _____, whereas in a civil trial, the standard of proof is usually _____.

A) beyond a reasonable doubt; preponderance of the evidence
B) preponderance of the evidence; beyond a reasonable doubt
C) beyond a reasonable doubt; clear and convincing truth
D) clear and convincing truth; preponderance of the evidence

Question 28

April displays conventional values, with relatively inflexible viewpoints, generally identifying with authority figures and finding weakness to be intolerable. One might consider her personality to be that of:

A) holding an internal locus of control.
B) maintaining an external focus of control.
C) believing in a just world.
D) being authoritarian.

Question 29

Pro bono is legal service:

A) at a reduced price.
B) based on ability to pay.
C) free of charge.
D) provided on a sliding scale.

Question 30

According to the text, a jury of 12 or fewer is likely to:

A) share all cognizable characteristics.
B) represent fully the views of all similar individuals.
C) not be fully representative of a larger community.
D) be diverse enough to reflect all possible views.

Question 31

Mock jury studies show that specialized questionnaires _____ provide important information about juror characteristics and slightly improve predictions about a juror's voting on a verdict.

A) asking about jurors' views of right and wrong
B) asking about jurors' attitudes towards the criminal justice system
C) assessing jurors' strengths and weaknesses
D) assessing jurors' self-control and confidence about themselves

Question 32

In a high profile case, trial consultants are often hired. Trial consultants use a(n) _____ approach to jury selection.

A) data-driven
B) intuitive
C) experiential
D) parapsychological

Question 33

The biggest, most important benefit of having a shadow jury in place, according to the text, is that, because they will actually hear the same testimony as the actual jury, they can provide:

A) critical feedback that allows attorneys to adjust strategies.
B) important information about how they think the trial is going.
C) details of the trial's proceedings.
D) feedback on their relationships with the defendant.

Question 34

It would appear as though there are some personality traits or tendencies that have some bearing on jury verdicts. According to the text, there are _____ traits that have been shown to be important predictors.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 35

Hannah is a trial consultant hired to assemble a shadow jury in a high-stakes trial. She may ask the shadow jury to perform all of the following tasks EXCEPT:

A) sit in the courtroom during trial.
B) hear a condensed version of testimonies.
C) watch a videotape of courtroom proceedings.
D) observe actual jurors in the deliberation room.