Deck 1: Exploring the Writing Process

Question 1

Subject: reasons to vote for Mayor Teresa Justice, who is running for reelection in Pleasantview
Audience: _____________________________________
Purpose: to convince readers to vote for the mayor

A) people who have not registered to vote
B) registered voters of Pleasantview who have already decided how they will vote
C) registered voters of Pleasantview who have not yet decided how they will vote

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Read the essay below and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Fitness One, Two, Three
(1) Jamie is a college student with a part-time job. Despite her busy schedule, she manages to make time for three to four brisk, hour-long walks every week. This regular exercise definitely helps her stay healthy by strengthening her heart, helping her control her weight, and relieving stress. However, medical experts would tell Jamie that her exercise routine is not quite adequate. For complete physical fitness, most people need three different types of regular exercise.
(2) The first essential type of exercise is cardiovascular, or aerobic, exercise, which is defined as physical activity that uses the large muscles of the body in continuous motion. Walking, jogging, dancing, swimming, and bicycling are some examples of cardiovascular exercise. Its purpose is to strengthen the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles to make them all work more efficiently. Therefore, experts usually advise healthy people to include three to four 30-minute sessions of cardiovascular exercise in their weekly fitness programs.
(3) Another type of needed exercise is flexibility exercise, which stretches the muscles and improves the joints' range of motion. Doing fifteen minutes of these exercises every day helps to prevent joint injury, warm up the muscles for more strenuous exercise, and release tension from the body. Yoga and tai chi are good examples of flexibility exercises.
(4) One last important type of exercise is strengthening exercise. Also known as resistance exercise, these physical activities strengthen muscles so that they can better protect the joints from injury. Each exercise is designed to target an individual muscle, forcing it to work harder and thereby strengthening it. This is usually accomplished by lifting weights or by using the resistance machines typically found in gyms and fitness centers a few times a week.
(5) Jamie, therefore, is getting her cardiovascular exercise by walking several times a week. By taking the time to fit in some stretching and strengthening exercises, she will ensure that her fitness routine is complete and even more beneficial.
The thesis statement of this essay is

A) Jamie is a college student with a part-time job.
B) This regular exercise definitely helps her stay healthy by strengthening her heart, helping her control her weight, and relieving stress.
C) However, medical experts would tell Jamie that her exercise routine is not quite adequate.
D) For complete physical fitness, most people need three different types of regular exercise.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Read the essay below and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Fitness One, Two, Three
(1) Jamie is a college student with a part-time job. Despite her busy schedule, she manages to make time for three to four brisk, hour-long walks every week. This regular exercise definitely helps her stay healthy by strengthening her heart, helping her control her weight, and relieving stress. However, medical experts would tell Jamie that her exercise routine is not quite adequate. For complete physical fitness, most people need three different types of regular exercise.
(2) The first essential type of exercise is cardiovascular, or aerobic, exercise, which is defined as physical activity that uses the large muscles of the body in continuous motion. Walking, jogging, dancing, swimming, and bicycling are some examples of cardiovascular exercise. Its purpose is to strengthen the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles to make them all work more efficiently. Therefore, experts usually advise healthy people to include three to four 30-minute sessions of cardiovascular exercise in their weekly fitness programs.
(3) Another type of needed exercise is flexibility exercise, which stretches the muscles and improves the joints' range of motion. Doing fifteen minutes of these exercises every day helps to prevent joint injury, warm up the muscles for more strenuous exercise, and release tension from the body. Yoga and tai chi are good examples of flexibility exercises.
(4) One last important type of exercise is strengthening exercise. Also known as resistance exercise, these physical activities strengthen muscles so that they can better protect the joints from injury. Each exercise is designed to target an individual muscle, forcing it to work harder and thereby strengthening it. This is usually accomplished by lifting weights or by using the resistance machines typically found in gyms and fitness centers a few times a week.
(5) Jamie, therefore, is getting her cardiovascular exercise by walking several times a week. By taking the time to fit in some stretching and strengthening exercises, she will ensure that her fitness routine is complete and even more beneficial.
The topic sentence of paragraph 3 is

A) Another type of needed exercise is flexibility exercise, which stretches the muscles and improves the joints' range of motion.
B) Doing fifteen minutes of these exercises every day helps to prevent joint injury, warm up the muscles for more strenuous exercise, and release tension from the body.
C) Yoga and tai chi are good examples of flexibility exercises.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions
One effect of chronic anger is damage to physical health. Men who engage in frequent angry outbursts are three times more likely than men who keep their anger in check to develop cardiovascular disease. One study showed that the angriest young men are six times more likely to suffer heart attacks by age 55. Another serious effect of chronic anger is damage to relationships. Men who have a "short fuse" often take out their anger on their loved ones, which hurts those people and causes them to become resentful or emotionally withdrawn and sometimes even end the relationship. Yet another serious effect is a severe reduction in quality of life. When men cannot effectively manage their anger, they spend too much time feeling irritated, frustrated, and tense, leading to an overall sense of unhappiness about life.
What pattern organizes the details in this paragraph?

A) process
B) cause and effect
C) classification
The topic sentence is followed by several examples. Select the letter of the example that does not clearly illustrate the topic sentence.

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions
One effect of chronic anger is damage to physical health. Men who engage in frequent angry outbursts are three times more likely than men who keep their anger in check to develop cardiovascular disease. One study showed that the angriest young men are six times more likely to suffer heart attacks by age 55. Another serious effect of chronic anger is damage to relationships. Men who have a "short fuse" often take out their anger on their loved ones, which hurts those people and causes them to become resentful or emotionally withdrawn and sometimes even end the relationship. Yet another serious effect is a severe reduction in quality of life. When men cannot effectively manage their anger, they spend too much time feeling irritated, frustrated, and tense, leading to an overall sense of unhappiness about life.
Select the letter of the topic sentence that is most accurate.

A) Some men have trouble managing their anger.
B) For men, chronic anger has three damaging effects.
C) Men who suffer from chronic anger can learn strategies to cope with their feelings.

Question 6

Read the essay below and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Fitness One, Two, Three
(1) Jamie is a college student with a part-time job. Despite her busy schedule, she manages to make time for three to four brisk, hour-long walks every week. This regular exercise definitely helps her stay healthy by strengthening her heart, helping her control her weight, and relieving stress. However, medical experts would tell Jamie that her exercise routine is not quite adequate. For complete physical fitness, most people need three different types of regular exercise.
(2) The first essential type of exercise is cardiovascular, or aerobic, exercise, which is defined as physical activity that uses the large muscles of the body in continuous motion. Walking, jogging, dancing, swimming, and bicycling are some examples of cardiovascular exercise. Its purpose is to strengthen the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles to make them all work more efficiently. Therefore, experts usually advise healthy people to include three to four 30-minute sessions of cardiovascular exercise in their weekly fitness programs.
(3) Another type of needed exercise is flexibility exercise, which stretches the muscles and improves the joints' range of motion. Doing fifteen minutes of these exercises every day helps to prevent joint injury, warm up the muscles for more strenuous exercise, and release tension from the body. Yoga and tai chi are good examples of flexibility exercises.
(4) One last important type of exercise is strengthening exercise. Also known as resistance exercise, these physical activities strengthen muscles so that they can better protect the joints from injury. Each exercise is designed to target an individual muscle, forcing it to work harder and thereby strengthening it. This is usually accomplished by lifting weights or by using the resistance machines typically found in gyms and fitness centers a few times a week.
(5) Jamie, therefore, is getting her cardiovascular exercise by walking several times a week. By taking the time to fit in some stretching and strengthening exercises, she will ensure that her fitness routine is complete and even more beneficial.
The topic sentence of paragraph 2 is

A) The first essential type of exercise is cardiovascular, or aerobic, exercise, which is defined as physical activity that uses the large muscles of the body in continuous motion.
B) Walking, jogging, dancing, swimming, and bicycling are some examples of cardiovascular exercise.
C) Its purpose is to strengthen the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles to make them all work more efficiently.
D) Therefore, experts usually advise healthy people to include three to four 30-minute sessions of cardiovascular exercise in their weekly fitness programs.

Question 7

Read the essay below and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Fitness One, Two, Three
(1) Jamie is a college student with a part-time job. Despite her busy schedule, she manages to make time for three to four brisk, hour-long walks every week. This regular exercise definitely helps her stay healthy by strengthening her heart, helping her control her weight, and relieving stress. However, medical experts would tell Jamie that her exercise routine is not quite adequate. For complete physical fitness, most people need three different types of regular exercise.
(2) The first essential type of exercise is cardiovascular, or aerobic, exercise, which is defined as physical activity that uses the large muscles of the body in continuous motion. Walking, jogging, dancing, swimming, and bicycling are some examples of cardiovascular exercise. Its purpose is to strengthen the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles to make them all work more efficiently. Therefore, experts usually advise healthy people to include three to four 30-minute sessions of cardiovascular exercise in their weekly fitness programs.
(3) Another type of needed exercise is flexibility exercise, which stretches the muscles and improves the joints' range of motion. Doing fifteen minutes of these exercises every day helps to prevent joint injury, warm up the muscles for more strenuous exercise, and release tension from the body. Yoga and tai chi are good examples of flexibility exercises.
(4) One last important type of exercise is strengthening exercise. Also known as resistance exercise, these physical activities strengthen muscles so that they can better protect the joints from injury. Each exercise is designed to target an individual muscle, forcing it to work harder and thereby strengthening it. This is usually accomplished by lifting weights or by using the resistance machines typically found in gyms and fitness centers a few times a week.
(5) Jamie, therefore, is getting her cardiovascular exercise by walking several times a week. By taking the time to fit in some stretching and strengthening exercises, she will ensure that her fitness routine is complete and even more beneficial.
Subject: planting a tree Audience: _______________________
Purpose: to explain the correct procedure for planting a tree

A) experienced gardeners
B) people who want to plant a tree for the first time
C) someone interested in building a tree house

Question 8

Subject: ______________________________________ Audience: college students
Purpose: to explain techniques that will help improve performance on an exam

A) reasons to earn a college degree
B) studying for an exam in a college course
C) topics covered on the driver's license exam

Question 9

Read the essay below and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Fitness One, Two, Three
(1) Jamie is a college student with a part-time job. Despite her busy schedule, she manages to make time for three to four brisk, hour-long walks every week. This regular exercise definitely helps her stay healthy by strengthening her heart, helping her control her weight, and relieving stress. However, medical experts would tell Jamie that her exercise routine is not quite adequate. For complete physical fitness, most people need three different types of regular exercise.
(2) The first essential type of exercise is cardiovascular, or aerobic, exercise, which is defined as physical activity that uses the large muscles of the body in continuous motion. Walking, jogging, dancing, swimming, and bicycling are some examples of cardiovascular exercise. Its purpose is to strengthen the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles to make them all work more efficiently. Therefore, experts usually advise healthy people to include three to four 30-minute sessions of cardiovascular exercise in their weekly fitness programs.
(3) Another type of needed exercise is flexibility exercise, which stretches the muscles and improves the joints' range of motion. Doing fifteen minutes of these exercises every day helps to prevent joint injury, warm up the muscles for more strenuous exercise, and release tension from the body. Yoga and tai chi are good examples of flexibility exercises.
(4) One last important type of exercise is strengthening exercise. Also known as resistance exercise, these physical activities strengthen muscles so that they can better protect the joints from injury. Each exercise is designed to target an individual muscle, forcing it to work harder and thereby strengthening it. This is usually accomplished by lifting weights or by using the resistance machines typically found in gyms and fitness centers a few times a week.
(5) Jamie, therefore, is getting her cardiovascular exercise by walking several times a week. By taking the time to fit in some stretching and strengthening exercises, she will ensure that her fitness routine is complete and even more beneficial.
Select the correct order for the steps in the writing process.

A) rewriting, prewriting, writing
B) writing, prewriting, rewriting
C) prewriting, writing, rewriting
For each of the following sets of subject, audience, and purpose, select the letter of the most appropriate choice for the blank.

Question 10

Read the essay below and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Fitness One, Two, Three
(1) Jamie is a college student with a part-time job. Despite her busy schedule, she manages to make time for three to four brisk, hour-long walks every week. This regular exercise definitely helps her stay healthy by strengthening her heart, helping her control her weight, and relieving stress. However, medical experts would tell Jamie that her exercise routine is not quite adequate. For complete physical fitness, most people need three different types of regular exercise.
(2) The first essential type of exercise is cardiovascular, or aerobic, exercise, which is defined as physical activity that uses the large muscles of the body in continuous motion. Walking, jogging, dancing, swimming, and bicycling are some examples of cardiovascular exercise. Its purpose is to strengthen the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles to make them all work more efficiently. Therefore, experts usually advise healthy people to include three to four 30-minute sessions of cardiovascular exercise in their weekly fitness programs.
(3) Another type of needed exercise is flexibility exercise, which stretches the muscles and improves the joints' range of motion. Doing fifteen minutes of these exercises every day helps to prevent joint injury, warm up the muscles for more strenuous exercise, and release tension from the body. Yoga and tai chi are good examples of flexibility exercises.
(4) One last important type of exercise is strengthening exercise. Also known as resistance exercise, these physical activities strengthen muscles so that they can better protect the joints from injury. Each exercise is designed to target an individual muscle, forcing it to work harder and thereby strengthening it. This is usually accomplished by lifting weights or by using the resistance machines typically found in gyms and fitness centers a few times a week.
(5) Jamie, therefore, is getting her cardiovascular exercise by walking several times a week. By taking the time to fit in some stretching and strengthening exercises, she will ensure that her fitness routine is complete and even more beneficial.
Subject: ______________________________________ Audience: people who have never donated blood
Purpose: to persuade people to donate blood

A) the procedure involved in donating blood
B) reasons to donate blood
C) the drawbacks of donating blood

Question 11

Read the paragraph and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Use the following to answer questions
(1) Tigers should not be made to perform in stage shows. (2) Because even well-trained tigers are dangerous wild animals, they pose a serious risk to the people in the audience. (3) Should a tiger suddenly decide to go astray, leave the stage, and attack someone, it could seriously injure or even kill that person with its teeth and claws before it was brought under control again. (4) These animals are a potential danger to their handlers as well, as the public learned when the world's most famous tiger trainer, Roy Horn, was bitten onstage in Las Vegas by a tiger that had been performing for six years. (5) Horn survived the attack, but he spent weeks in the hospital in critical condition and then months in physical therapy. (6) In 2006, Horn and Siegfried, his partner, were honored with a star on the Las Vegas Walk of Stars. (7) Finally, tigers should not be forced to perform tricks because making them live in small cages and spend their lives entertaining humans is cruel to these beautiful wild cats. (8) Instead, they should be living free in their natural habitat.
Which sentence does not belong in this paragraph?

A) sentence 3
B) sentence 6
C) sentence 7

Question 12

English borrows words from many other languages.

A) The Spanish word la reata gives us lariat, "a rope."
B) Diss is a term meaning "disrespect."
C) The expression gung ho comes from the Chinese keng ho, which literally means "more fire."
D) Kimono is the Japanese word for "thing for wearing."

Question 13

Read the essay below and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Fitness One, Two, Three
(1) Jamie is a college student with a part-time job. Despite her busy schedule, she manages to make time for three to four brisk, hour-long walks every week. This regular exercise definitely helps her stay healthy by strengthening her heart, helping her control her weight, and relieving stress. However, medical experts would tell Jamie that her exercise routine is not quite adequate. For complete physical fitness, most people need three different types of regular exercise.
(2) The first essential type of exercise is cardiovascular, or aerobic, exercise, which is defined as physical activity that uses the large muscles of the body in continuous motion. Walking, jogging, dancing, swimming, and bicycling are some examples of cardiovascular exercise. Its purpose is to strengthen the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles to make them all work more efficiently. Therefore, experts usually advise healthy people to include three to four 30-minute sessions of cardiovascular exercise in their weekly fitness programs.
(3) Another type of needed exercise is flexibility exercise, which stretches the muscles and improves the joints' range of motion. Doing fifteen minutes of these exercises every day helps to prevent joint injury, warm up the muscles for more strenuous exercise, and release tension from the body. Yoga and tai chi are good examples of flexibility exercises.
(4) One last important type of exercise is strengthening exercise. Also known as resistance exercise, these physical activities strengthen muscles so that they can better protect the joints from injury. Each exercise is designed to target an individual muscle, forcing it to work harder and thereby strengthening it. This is usually accomplished by lifting weights or by using the resistance machines typically found in gyms and fitness centers a few times a week.
(5) Jamie, therefore, is getting her cardiovascular exercise by walking several times a week. By taking the time to fit in some stretching and strengthening exercises, she will ensure that her fitness routine is complete and even more beneficial.
Subject: _____________________________________ Audience: people who have adopted a puppy
Purpose: to explain a method of housetraining

A) important reasons for housetraining a new pet
B) things to consider when choosing a pet
C) the steps in housetraining a pet

Question 14

Subject: a book club Audience: people who like to read but are not members of the club
Purpose: _____________________________________

A) to explain how books are made
B) to convince people to read a book
C) to persuade readers to join the club

Question 15

Read the paragraph and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Use the following to answer questions
(1) Tigers should not be made to perform in stage shows. (2) Because even well-trained tigers are dangerous wild animals, they pose a serious risk to the people in the audience. (3) Should a tiger suddenly decide to go astray, leave the stage, and attack someone, it could seriously injure or even kill that person with its teeth and claws before it was brought under control again. (4) These animals are a potential danger to their handlers as well, as the public learned when the world's most famous tiger trainer, Roy Horn, was bitten onstage in Las Vegas by a tiger that had been performing for six years. (5) Horn survived the attack, but he spent weeks in the hospital in critical condition and then months in physical therapy. (6) In 2006, Horn and Siegfried, his partner, were honored with a star on the Las Vegas Walk of Stars. (7) Finally, tigers should not be forced to perform tricks because making them live in small cages and spend their lives entertaining humans is cruel to these beautiful wild cats. (8) Instead, they should be living free in their natural habitat.
The topic sentence of this paragraph is

A) sentence 1.
B) sentence 2.
C) sentence 8.

Question 16

Read the paragraph and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Use the following to answer questions
(1) Tigers should not be made to perform in stage shows. (2) Because even well-trained tigers are dangerous wild animals, they pose a serious risk to the people in the audience. (3) Should a tiger suddenly decide to go astray, leave the stage, and attack someone, it could seriously injure or even kill that person with its teeth and claws before it was brought under control again. (4) These animals are a potential danger to their handlers as well, as the public learned when the world's most famous tiger trainer, Roy Horn, was bitten onstage in Las Vegas by a tiger that had been performing for six years. (5) Horn survived the attack, but he spent weeks in the hospital in critical condition and then months in physical therapy. (6) In 2006, Horn and Siegfried, his partner, were honored with a star on the Las Vegas Walk of Stars. (7) Finally, tigers should not be forced to perform tricks because making them live in small cages and spend their lives entertaining humans is cruel to these beautiful wild cats. (8) Instead, they should be living free in their natural habitat.
What kind of order is used to organize the details in this paragraph?

A) time order
B) space order
C) order of importance

Question 17

Read the essay below and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Fitness One, Two, Three
(1) Jamie is a college student with a part-time job. Despite her busy schedule, she manages to make time for three to four brisk, hour-long walks every week. This regular exercise definitely helps her stay healthy by strengthening her heart, helping her control her weight, and relieving stress. However, medical experts would tell Jamie that her exercise routine is not quite adequate. For complete physical fitness, most people need three different types of regular exercise.
(2) The first essential type of exercise is cardiovascular, or aerobic, exercise, which is defined as physical activity that uses the large muscles of the body in continuous motion. Walking, jogging, dancing, swimming, and bicycling are some examples of cardiovascular exercise. Its purpose is to strengthen the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles to make them all work more efficiently. Therefore, experts usually advise healthy people to include three to four 30-minute sessions of cardiovascular exercise in their weekly fitness programs.
(3) Another type of needed exercise is flexibility exercise, which stretches the muscles and improves the joints' range of motion. Doing fifteen minutes of these exercises every day helps to prevent joint injury, warm up the muscles for more strenuous exercise, and release tension from the body. Yoga and tai chi are good examples of flexibility exercises.
(4) One last important type of exercise is strengthening exercise. Also known as resistance exercise, these physical activities strengthen muscles so that they can better protect the joints from injury. Each exercise is designed to target an individual muscle, forcing it to work harder and thereby strengthening it. This is usually accomplished by lifting weights or by using the resistance machines typically found in gyms and fitness centers a few times a week.
(5) Jamie, therefore, is getting her cardiovascular exercise by walking several times a week. By taking the time to fit in some stretching and strengthening exercises, she will ensure that her fitness routine is complete and even more beneficial.
Subject: the traditional places for the participants in a wedding ceremony Audience: the bride, the groom, and members of a wedding party
Purpose: _______________________________________

A) to explain where participants should stand during the wedding ceremony
B) to persuade the bride and groom to get married in a church
C) to inform married couples about wedding traditions

Question 18

Read the essay below and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Fitness One, Two, Three
(1) Jamie is a college student with a part-time job. Despite her busy schedule, she manages to make time for three to four brisk, hour-long walks every week. This regular exercise definitely helps her stay healthy by strengthening her heart, helping her control her weight, and relieving stress. However, medical experts would tell Jamie that her exercise routine is not quite adequate. For complete physical fitness, most people need three different types of regular exercise.
(2) The first essential type of exercise is cardiovascular, or aerobic, exercise, which is defined as physical activity that uses the large muscles of the body in continuous motion. Walking, jogging, dancing, swimming, and bicycling are some examples of cardiovascular exercise. Its purpose is to strengthen the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles to make them all work more efficiently. Therefore, experts usually advise healthy people to include three to four 30-minute sessions of cardiovascular exercise in their weekly fitness programs.
(3) Another type of needed exercise is flexibility exercise, which stretches the muscles and improves the joints' range of motion. Doing fifteen minutes of these exercises every day helps to prevent joint injury, warm up the muscles for more strenuous exercise, and release tension from the body. Yoga and tai chi are good examples of flexibility exercises.
(4) One last important type of exercise is strengthening exercise. Also known as resistance exercise, these physical activities strengthen muscles so that they can better protect the joints from injury. Each exercise is designed to target an individual muscle, forcing it to work harder and thereby strengthening it. This is usually accomplished by lifting weights or by using the resistance machines typically found in gyms and fitness centers a few times a week.
(5) Jamie, therefore, is getting her cardiovascular exercise by walking several times a week. By taking the time to fit in some stretching and strengthening exercises, she will ensure that her fitness routine is complete and even more beneficial.
The topic sentence of paragraph 4 is

A) One last important type of exercise is strengthening exercise.
B) Also known as resistance exercise, these physical activities strengthen muscles so that they can better protect the joints from injury.
C) Each exercise is designed to target an individual muscle, forcing it to work harder and thereby strengthening it.
D) This is usually accomplished by lifting weights or by using the resistance machines typically found in gyms and fitness centers a few times a week.

Question 19

Read the essay below and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Fitness One, Two, Three
(1) Jamie is a college student with a part-time job. Despite her busy schedule, she manages to make time for three to four brisk, hour-long walks every week. This regular exercise definitely helps her stay healthy by strengthening her heart, helping her control her weight, and relieving stress. However, medical experts would tell Jamie that her exercise routine is not quite adequate. For complete physical fitness, most people need three different types of regular exercise.
(2) The first essential type of exercise is cardiovascular, or aerobic, exercise, which is defined as physical activity that uses the large muscles of the body in continuous motion. Walking, jogging, dancing, swimming, and bicycling are some examples of cardiovascular exercise. Its purpose is to strengthen the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles to make them all work more efficiently. Therefore, experts usually advise healthy people to include three to four 30-minute sessions of cardiovascular exercise in their weekly fitness programs.
(3) Another type of needed exercise is flexibility exercise, which stretches the muscles and improves the joints' range of motion. Doing fifteen minutes of these exercises every day helps to prevent joint injury, warm up the muscles for more strenuous exercise, and release tension from the body. Yoga and tai chi are good examples of flexibility exercises.
(4) One last important type of exercise is strengthening exercise. Also known as resistance exercise, these physical activities strengthen muscles so that they can better protect the joints from injury. Each exercise is designed to target an individual muscle, forcing it to work harder and thereby strengthening it. This is usually accomplished by lifting weights or by using the resistance machines typically found in gyms and fitness centers a few times a week.
(5) Jamie, therefore, is getting her cardiovascular exercise by walking several times a week. By taking the time to fit in some stretching and strengthening exercises, she will ensure that her fitness routine is complete and even more beneficial.
Subject: the negative effects of cigarette smoking Audience: ____________________________________
Purpose: to persuade people to stop smoking

A) smokers
B) people who have never smoked
C) people who once smoked but quit

Question 20

Read the essay below and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Fitness One, Two, Three
(1) Jamie is a college student with a part-time job. Despite her busy schedule, she manages to make time for three to four brisk, hour-long walks every week. This regular exercise definitely helps her stay healthy by strengthening her heart, helping her control her weight, and relieving stress. However, medical experts would tell Jamie that her exercise routine is not quite adequate. For complete physical fitness, most people need three different types of regular exercise.
(2) The first essential type of exercise is cardiovascular, or aerobic, exercise, which is defined as physical activity that uses the large muscles of the body in continuous motion. Walking, jogging, dancing, swimming, and bicycling are some examples of cardiovascular exercise. Its purpose is to strengthen the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles to make them all work more efficiently. Therefore, experts usually advise healthy people to include three to four 30-minute sessions of cardiovascular exercise in their weekly fitness programs.
(3) Another type of needed exercise is flexibility exercise, which stretches the muscles and improves the joints' range of motion. Doing fifteen minutes of these exercises every day helps to prevent joint injury, warm up the muscles for more strenuous exercise, and release tension from the body. Yoga and tai chi are good examples of flexibility exercises.
(4) One last important type of exercise is strengthening exercise. Also known as resistance exercise, these physical activities strengthen muscles so that they can better protect the joints from injury. Each exercise is designed to target an individual muscle, forcing it to work harder and thereby strengthening it. This is usually accomplished by lifting weights or by using the resistance machines typically found in gyms and fitness centers a few times a week.
(5) Jamie, therefore, is getting her cardiovascular exercise by walking several times a week. By taking the time to fit in some stretching and strengthening exercises, she will ensure that her fitness routine is complete and even more beneficial.
Subject: a good new Italian restaurant in town Audience: people who like Italian food and enjoy eating out
Purpose: ____________________________

A) to explain how to make pasta from scratch
B) to persuade readers not to go to the new restaurant
C) to convince diners to try the new restaurant

Question 21

Subject: the negative impact of TV violence on young children Audience: _____________________________________
Purpose: to persuade readers to limit children's access to violent TV shows

A) young children
B) parents
C) people who don't have children

Question 22

Read the paragraphs and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Use the following to answer questions
Many e-mail users receive annoying amounts of junk mail, or "spam." Experts recommend five ways to reduce the amount of spam in the in-box. First of all, an e-mail address should not be displayed in public. That includes in newsgroups, chat rooms, websites, or online services' membership directories. Second, computer users should check the privacy policy when they submit an address to a website to see if it allows the company to sell the address. Opting out of this provision, if possible, or deciding not to submit an address at all to a website that won't protect it are both good ways to prevent spam. Using two e-mail addresses, one for personal messages and one for newsgroups and chat rooms, is a third way to cut down on spam. A separate, disposable e-mail address can forward e-mail to a permanent account. When one of the disposable addresses begins to receive spam, it can be shut off without affecting the permanent address. Fourth, experts recommend using a unique e-mail address. The choice of e-mail addresses may affect the amount of spam received because spammers use "dictionary attacks" to sort through possible name combinations at large Internet Service Providers (ISPs) or e-mail services, hoping to find a valid address. Thus, a common name such as jdoe may get more spam than a more unique name like jd51x02oe. Fifth and finally, installing an e-mail filter can provide a tool to filter out potential spam or a way to channel spam into a bulk e-mail folder. These options should affect the choice of which ISP to use.
The subject of this paragraph is

A) e-mail.
B) the features of spam.
C) reducing spam e-mail messages.

Question 23

Correcting grammar and spelling errors is a task that should be completed during which step of the writing process?

A) prewriting
B) writing
C) rewriting

Question 24

Read the paragraphs and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Use the following to answer questions
By joining the army, your son or daughter can make a difference in the world and receive many benefits. First, by serving the country and protecting our freedoms, your son or daughter will be building a better future for others and for him- or herself-a future full of pride, honor, and opportunities. The benefits don't end there. No matter where your son's or daughter's interests lie, the Army offers expert training in a wide range of careers: 120 in the Army Reserve and 150 in active Army. Whether he or she chooses to explore a new career or strengthen a current one, hands-on experience will provide an edge. The Army also makes college affordable. Education can be costly, but the Army offers rich benefits that can significantly lessen the financial burden. These include offering money for college, college loan repayment programs and other academic incentives. In addition, your son or daughter will experience personal growth. By joining the Army, he or she will gain valuable interpersonal skills, such as teamwork, time management, problem-solving skills and professionalism. He or she will be challenged to accept a new sense of discipline and responsibility. Army training can turn your young adult into a Soldier. Fueled by honor, pride, ability and strength, he or she can achieve great things.
Adapted from U.S. Army, http://www.goarmy.com/parents.html
This paragraph was written for an audience of

A) parents.
B) teachers.
C) people who have joined the Army.

Question 25

Clustering is a task that should be completed during which step of the writing process?

A) prewriting
B) writing
C) rewriting

Question 26

Subject: ______________________________________ Audience: hikers who don't know much about plants
Purpose: to explain the identifying features of a poison ivy plant

A) the benefits of hiking
B) recognizing poison ivy
C) reasons to avoid poison ivy

Question 27

Writing a final draft is a task that should be performed during which step of the writing process?

A) prewriting
B) writing
C) rewriting
For each of the following sets of subject, audience, and purpose, select the letter of the most appropriate choice for the blank.

Question 28

Use the following to answer questions
Casting a vote is really a series of steps, sometimes confusing to the first-time voter. When you get to your polling place, you will probably need to wait in line to check in. The poll worker will ask for your name to see if you're on the list of registered voters in your area. Depending on your area, you may be asked to show a valid photo ID with your name and address at which you are registered, or a photo ID and proof of residency (for example, a utility bill, pay stub, or other government document with your current address). After your residency has been confirmed, you will sign your name on a list. Next, a poll worker will show you to a small booth with a curtain or dividers, which keep your voting experience private. Then, depending on the state where you live, you will fill out a paper ballot, punch a card, or use an electronic voting machine to cast your vote. After explaining how you should mark your ballot or work the voting machine, the poll worker will leave you to make your selections. When you are finished, the poll worker may check your ballot to make sure that it correctly shows your votes and then have you place it in a sealed box. Finally, at the end of the day, your vote will be counted!
The purpose of this paragraph is to

A) persuade readers about the importance of voting in elections.
B) inform readers about politics in America.
C) inform readers about the procedures involved in casting a vote.

Question 29

Subject: home remedies for the common cold Audience: people who have a cold
Purpose: ______________________________________

A) to persuade sick people that they should stay home from work
B) to convince people who have a cold to go see a doctor
C) to explain to those with a cold how they can make themselves feel better

Question 30

Read the paragraphs and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Use the following to answer questions
Many e-mail users receive annoying amounts of junk mail, or "spam." Experts recommend five ways to reduce the amount of spam in the in-box. First of all, an e-mail address should not be displayed in public. That includes in newsgroups, chat rooms, websites, or online services' membership directories. Second, computer users should check the privacy policy when they submit an address to a website to see if it allows the company to sell the address. Opting out of this provision, if possible, or deciding not to submit an address at all to a website that won't protect it are both good ways to prevent spam. Using two e-mail addresses, one for personal messages and one for newsgroups and chat rooms, is a third way to cut down on spam. A separate, disposable e-mail address can forward e-mail to a permanent account. When one of the disposable addresses begins to receive spam, it can be shut off without affecting the permanent address. Fourth, experts recommend using a unique e-mail address. The choice of e-mail addresses may affect the amount of spam received because spammers use "dictionary attacks" to sort through possible name combinations at large Internet Service Providers (ISPs) or e-mail services, hoping to find a valid address. Thus, a common name such as jdoe may get more spam than a more unique name like jd51x02oe. Fifth and finally, installing an e-mail filter can provide a tool to filter out potential spam or a way to channel spam into a bulk e-mail folder. These options should affect the choice of which ISP to use.
The purpose of this paragraph is to

A) explain how to reduce spam e-mail messages.
B) inform readers about spam.
C) convince spammers to stop sending spam.

Question 31

Arranging ideas in a plan or outline is a task that should be completed during which step of the writing process?

A) prewriting
B) writing
C) rewriting

Question 32

Use the following to answer questions
Casting a vote is really a series of steps, sometimes confusing to the first-time voter. When you get to your polling place, you will probably need to wait in line to check in. The poll worker will ask for your name to see if you're on the list of registered voters in your area. Depending on your area, you may be asked to show a valid photo ID with your name and address at which you are registered, or a photo ID and proof of residency (for example, a utility bill, pay stub, or other government document with your current address). After your residency has been confirmed, you will sign your name on a list. Next, a poll worker will show you to a small booth with a curtain or dividers, which keep your voting experience private. Then, depending on the state where you live, you will fill out a paper ballot, punch a card, or use an electronic voting machine to cast your vote. After explaining how you should mark your ballot or work the voting machine, the poll worker will leave you to make your selections. When you are finished, the poll worker may check your ballot to make sure that it correctly shows your votes and then have you place it in a sealed box. Finally, at the end of the day, your vote will be counted!
The subject of this paragraph is

A) how to cast a vote.
B) how to register to vote.
C) how to work at the polls during an election.

Question 33

Use the following to answer questions
When a hurricane is bearing down on your city, you may find it tempting to ignore the advice of emergency personnel and ride out the storm in your own home. However, if you are in a hurricane's path and have been urged to evacuate, you should always make the choice to leave the area if you are able to do so. Hurricanes are powerful forces of nature with high winds and storm surges that quickly destroy property and sometimes kill thousands of people. You will risk the lives of yourself and your family members if you remain in your home despite orders to evacuate. Even if you do survive the storm and your home is left intact, the storm's damage to your community may create a new set of hardships that put your family's health and safety at risk. You may be without electricity or clean water for days. Stores may be closed, and you may be unable to obtain food or gasoline. Roads and bridges may be washed away, cutting you off from your sources of supplies. If you decide to stay in your home because you're worried about your deserted house being a target for thieves, remember that you can take many of your valuables with you when you go, and your remaining material possessions should be covered by your homeowners insurance plan. Don't ever risk your life to protect a bunch of things that are replaceable.
This paragraph was written for an audience of

A) emergency personnel who give evacuation orders.
B) people who would choose not to evacuate when a hurricane is approaching.
C) people who live in the city.

Question 34

Use the following to answer questions
Casting a vote is really a series of steps, sometimes confusing to the first-time voter. When you get to your polling place, you will probably need to wait in line to check in. The poll worker will ask for your name to see if you're on the list of registered voters in your area. Depending on your area, you may be asked to show a valid photo ID with your name and address at which you are registered, or a photo ID and proof of residency (for example, a utility bill, pay stub, or other government document with your current address). After your residency has been confirmed, you will sign your name on a list. Next, a poll worker will show you to a small booth with a curtain or dividers, which keep your voting experience private. Then, depending on the state where you live, you will fill out a paper ballot, punch a card, or use an electronic voting machine to cast your vote. After explaining how you should mark your ballot or work the voting machine, the poll worker will leave you to make your selections. When you are finished, the poll worker may check your ballot to make sure that it correctly shows your votes and then have you place it in a sealed box. Finally, at the end of the day, your vote will be counted!
This paragraph was written for an audience of

A) candidates running for office.
B) people who have never voted before.
C) new employees at polling places.

Question 35

Read the paragraphs and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Use the following to answer questions
By joining the army, your son or daughter can make a difference in the world and receive many benefits. First, by serving the country and protecting our freedoms, your son or daughter will be building a better future for others and for him- or herself-a future full of pride, honor, and opportunities. The benefits don't end there. No matter where your son's or daughter's interests lie, the Army offers expert training in a wide range of careers: 120 in the Army Reserve and 150 in active Army. Whether he or she chooses to explore a new career or strengthen a current one, hands-on experience will provide an edge. The Army also makes college affordable. Education can be costly, but the Army offers rich benefits that can significantly lessen the financial burden. These include offering money for college, college loan repayment programs and other academic incentives. In addition, your son or daughter will experience personal growth. By joining the Army, he or she will gain valuable interpersonal skills, such as teamwork, time management, problem-solving skills and professionalism. He or she will be challenged to accept a new sense of discipline and responsibility. Army training can turn your young adult into a Soldier. Fueled by honor, pride, ability and strength, he or she can achieve great things.
Adapted from U.S. Army, http://www.goarmy.com/parents.html
The subject of this paragraph is

A) finding a rewarding career.
B) joining the Army.
C) helping people.

Question 36

Subject: _______________________________________ Audience: people who need to lose weight
Purpose: to convince people to eat foods low in fat

A) the drawbacks of being overweight
B) the causes of overeating
C) the benefits of a low-fat diet

Question 37

Subject: studying in a group versus studying alone Audience: ____________________________________
Purpose: to convince readers that studying in a group is often better than studying alone

A) college students
B) college graduates
C) college professors

Question 38

Read the paragraphs and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Use the following to answer questions
By joining the army, your son or daughter can make a difference in the world and receive many benefits. First, by serving the country and protecting our freedoms, your son or daughter will be building a better future for others and for him- or herself-a future full of pride, honor, and opportunities. The benefits don't end there. No matter where your son's or daughter's interests lie, the Army offers expert training in a wide range of careers: 120 in the Army Reserve and 150 in active Army. Whether he or she chooses to explore a new career or strengthen a current one, hands-on experience will provide an edge. The Army also makes college affordable. Education can be costly, but the Army offers rich benefits that can significantly lessen the financial burden. These include offering money for college, college loan repayment programs and other academic incentives. In addition, your son or daughter will experience personal growth. By joining the Army, he or she will gain valuable interpersonal skills, such as teamwork, time management, problem-solving skills and professionalism. He or she will be challenged to accept a new sense of discipline and responsibility. Army training can turn your young adult into a Soldier. Fueled by honor, pride, ability and strength, he or she can achieve great things.
Adapted from U.S. Army, http://www.goarmy.com/parents.html
The purpose of this paragraph is to

A) persuade young adults to join the Army.
B) persuade parents that the Army is a good career choice for their children.
C) assure new Army recruits that they made the right choice.

Question 39

Read the paragraphs and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Use the following to answer questions
Many e-mail users receive annoying amounts of junk mail, or "spam." Experts recommend five ways to reduce the amount of spam in the in-box. First of all, an e-mail address should not be displayed in public. That includes in newsgroups, chat rooms, websites, or online services' membership directories. Second, computer users should check the privacy policy when they submit an address to a website to see if it allows the company to sell the address. Opting out of this provision, if possible, or deciding not to submit an address at all to a website that won't protect it are both good ways to prevent spam. Using two e-mail addresses, one for personal messages and one for newsgroups and chat rooms, is a third way to cut down on spam. A separate, disposable e-mail address can forward e-mail to a permanent account. When one of the disposable addresses begins to receive spam, it can be shut off without affecting the permanent address. Fourth, experts recommend using a unique e-mail address. The choice of e-mail addresses may affect the amount of spam received because spammers use "dictionary attacks" to sort through possible name combinations at large Internet Service Providers (ISPs) or e-mail services, hoping to find a valid address. Thus, a common name such as jdoe may get more spam than a more unique name like jd51x02oe. Fifth and finally, installing an e-mail filter can provide a tool to filter out potential spam or a way to channel spam into a bulk e-mail folder. These options should affect the choice of which ISP to use.
This paragraph was written for an audience of

A) people who send junk e-mail messages (spammers).
B) computer users.
C) people who market products.

Question 40

Subject: swinging a golf club Audience: people who have just begun playing golf
Purpose: ______________________________________

A) to persuade people to try golf
B) to explain how to swing a golf club effectively
C) to inform readers about how golf clubs are made

Question 41

Use the following to answer questions
When a hurricane is bearing down on your city, you may find it tempting to ignore the advice of emergency personnel and ride out the storm in your own home. However, if you are in a hurricane's path and have been urged to evacuate, you should always make the choice to leave the area if you are able to do so. Hurricanes are powerful forces of nature with high winds and storm surges that quickly destroy property and sometimes kill thousands of people. You will risk the lives of yourself and your family members if you remain in your home despite orders to evacuate. Even if you do survive the storm and your home is left intact, the storm's damage to your community may create a new set of hardships that put your family's health and safety at risk. You may be without electricity or clean water for days. Stores may be closed, and you may be unable to obtain food or gasoline. Roads and bridges may be washed away, cutting you off from your sources of supplies. If you decide to stay in your home because you're worried about your deserted house being a target for thieves, remember that you can take many of your valuables with you when you go, and your remaining material possessions should be covered by your homeowners insurance plan. Don't ever risk your life to protect a bunch of things that are replaceable.
The purpose of this paragraph is to

A) inform people about hurricanes.
B) convince people to evacuate when a hurricane is approaching.
C) persuade readers to prepare for hurricanes.

Question 42

Use the following to answer questions
When a hurricane is bearing down on your city, you may find it tempting to ignore the advice of emergency personnel and ride out the storm in your own home. However, if you are in a hurricane's path and have been urged to evacuate, you should always make the choice to leave the area if you are able to do so. Hurricanes are powerful forces of nature with high winds and storm surges that quickly destroy property and sometimes kill thousands of people. You will risk the lives of yourself and your family members if you remain in your home despite orders to evacuate. Even if you do survive the storm and your home is left intact, the storm's damage to your community may create a new set of hardships that put your family's health and safety at risk. You may be without electricity or clean water for days. Stores may be closed, and you may be unable to obtain food or gasoline. Roads and bridges may be washed away, cutting you off from your sources of supplies. If you decide to stay in your home because you're worried about your deserted house being a target for thieves, remember that you can take many of your valuables with you when you go, and your remaining material possessions should be covered by your homeowners insurance plan. Don't ever risk your life to protect a bunch of things that are replaceable.
The subject of this paragraph is

A) hurricanes.
B) the types of damage caused by hurricanes.
C) reasons to evacuate when a hurricane is nearing.