Deck 5: Thinking Through Paragraph Patterns

Question 1

Each general statement is followed by several examples. Select the letter of the example that does not clearly illustrate the generalization.
Thanks to vaccines, we have eliminated some terrible, life-threatening diseases.

A) The polio vaccine has virtually eradicated that disease in the West.
B) Before the 1960s, smallpox killed about 2 million people a year, but the smallpox vaccine got rid of the disease.
C) Researchers still hope to perfect a vaccine against the deadly virus that causes HIV and AIDS.
D) For the children in the United States, a vaccine has eliminated whooping cough (pertussis).

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Below is a plan for a comparison and contrast paragraph. The points of comparison and contrast in the second column do not follow the same order as the points in the first column. Select the answer that correctly numbers the points in the second column to match those in the first.

A) 4, 3, 2, 1
B) 1, 4, 2, 3
C) 2, 1, 3, 4

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Read each paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) The talent and drive of surfer Lisa Andersen quickly propelled her to the top of her sport. (2) In 1983, thirteen-year-old Andersen paddled a friend's surfboard into the ocean off the coast of Florida's Ormond Beach, caught a breaking wave, and easily rode it to shore. (3) Thrilled to discover this natural talent, she realized that she might have the potential to become a serious female surfer. (4) Soon, in hopes of gaining a competitive edge, she began practicing with only her most skilled male counterparts. (5) In 1987, this strategy paid off when she won the U.S. amateur women's surfing contest. (6) Later that year, Lisa turned professional; by 1992, she was winning major competitions and training for the world championship. (7) Almost immediately, however, news that she was pregnant put any plans to win the 1993 championship on hold. (8) Andersen says that although it cost her one year's title, the birth of her daughter Erica motivated her to go all the way to the top. (9) In 1994, Lisa was crowned world surfing champion, a title she won again in 1995, 1996, and 1997. (10) Today, the four-time winner is credited with inspiring a generation of young women to enter the once male-dominated world of surfing.
Which of the following sentences does NOT contain a transitional expression that indicates time?

A) Sentence 2
B) Sentence 4
C) Sentence 6
D) Sentence 8

Answer 3

D

Question 4

(1) A plate of nachos is a delicious and crowd-pleasing dish that's very easy to make. (2) First, spread a single layer of medium-thick tortilla chips on a baking sheet. (3) Second, brown ground beef or ground turkey in a skillet and mix in taco seasoning. (4) When the meat is fully cooked, spread it evenly over the tortilla chips. (5) If you like, add a layer of beans or refried beans. (6) Third, sprinkle on a thick layer of shredded cheese. (7) A blend of sharp cheddar and Monterey Jack cheeses adds a lot of flavor. (8) The fourth step is to cover the nachos with tin foil and bake them in the oven at 350 degrees until the cheese melts. (9) Finally, before serving the nachos, add your favorite toppings, such as salsa, sour cream, guacamole, or jalapeno peppers, and enjoy!
What writing pattern does this paragraph employ?

A) Illustration
B) Process
C) Comparison and contrast
D) Narration

Question 5

Read each paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) Readers now can obtain most books in either traditional printed form or electronic, e-book, form. (2) These two options differ in several ways. (3) The first difference is their portability. (4) Traditional printed texts can be bulky and heavy to lug around, especially when the reader wants to carry several books at one time. (5) E-books, on the other hand, are stored digitally in a slim, lightweight e-reader device such as a Kindle or iPad, so it's much easier for readers to transport multiple books. (6) However, unlike print books, e-books are not suitable for places like the beach or the bathtub, where e-reader devices could be damaged by water. (7) Another difference between printed books and e-books is their price. (8) Paper-and-ink books are usually more expensive because of the costs involved in printing, storing, and distributing them. (9) In contrast, e-books are delivered digitally, so they cost less. (10) A new book that's sold in print form for $24.99 will typically cost only $9.99 in e-book form. (11) A third difference between print books and e-books is readability. (12) Printed books, of course, can be read just about anywhere, but e-books are often difficult to see in brighter light outdoors. (13) Finally, the two options differ in terms of the reading experience they provide. (14) Despite the advantages of e-books, many readers still prefer the sensory pleasures of holding and turning the pages of a printed book, which are missing when reading a text on a screen. (15) Because the pagination of e-book texts differs from those of print texts, it's difficult to refer to specific page numbers during a class or book club meeting.
Does this paragraph compare, contrast, or both?

A) compares only
B) contrasts only
C) compares and contrasts

Question 6

(1) A plate of nachos is a delicious and crowd-pleasing dish that's very easy to make. (2) First, spread a single layer of medium-thick tortilla chips on a baking sheet. (3) Second, brown ground beef or ground turkey in a skillet and mix in taco seasoning. (4) When the meat is fully cooked, spread it evenly over the tortilla chips. (5) If you like, add a layer of beans or refried beans. (6) Third, sprinkle on a thick layer of shredded cheese. (7) A blend of sharp cheddar and Monterey Jack cheeses adds a lot of flavor. (8) The fourth step is to cover the nachos with tin foil and bake them in the oven at 350 degrees until the cheese melts. (9) Finally, before serving the nachos, add your favorite toppings, such as salsa, sour cream, guacamole, or jalapeno peppers, and enjoy!
How many steps are in this process?

A) three
B) four
C) five

Question 7

According to the American College of Emergency Physicians, proper first-aid treatment of minor wounds such as cuts and scrapes includes several steps.
_____ To help prevent infection, first wash your hands with soap and warm water or use an
Antibacterial gel.
_____ When the wound is no longer bleeding, clean it with cool water and mild soap.
_____ Gently pat the washed wound to dry it.
_____ Finally, cover the wound with a sterile bandage.
_____ Once your hands are clean, press on the injured area with a clean cloth, paper towel, or
Piece of gauze to make the bleeding stop.
_____ To help the injury heal faster, apply an antibiotic ointment to the clean, dry wound.

A) 1, 3, 4, 6, 2, 5
B) 5, 1, 6, 4, 3, 2
C) 2, 4, 6, 5, 1, 3

Question 8

Each general statement is followed by several examples. Select the letter of the example that does not clearly illustrate the generalization.
Certain clothing is always inappropriate for the workplace.

A) Clothes that are dirty, stained, torn, ragged, or wrinkled should not be worn to work.
B) The workplace is no place for any garments that are too tight or too revealing- such as plunging necklines, mini-skirts, short shorts, see-through tops, or shirts that expose the midriff.
C) When preparing to go to work, use make-up and cologne sparingly.
D) Clothing that's too casual, such as athletic wear and flip flops, is usually not suitable for work.

Question 9

(1) A plate of nachos is a delicious and crowd-pleasing dish that's very easy to make. (2) First, spread a single layer of medium-thick tortilla chips on a baking sheet. (3) Second, brown ground beef or ground turkey in a skillet and mix in taco seasoning. (4) When the meat is fully cooked, spread it evenly over the tortilla chips. (5) If you like, add a layer of beans or refried beans. (6) Third, sprinkle on a thick layer of shredded cheese. (7) A blend of sharp cheddar and Monterey Jack cheeses adds a lot of flavor. (8) The fourth step is to cover the nachos with tin foil and bake them in the oven at 350 degrees until the cheese melts. (9) Finally, before serving the nachos, add your favorite toppings, such as salsa, sour cream, guacamole, or jalapeno peppers, and enjoy!
Give the number of the paragraph's topic sentence.

A) Sentence 1
B) Sentence 2
C) Sentence 3
D) Sentence 9

Question 10

Each general statement is followed by several examples. Select the letter of the example that does not clearly illustrate the generalization.
Sajan is addicted to his cell phone.

A) He sleeps with his phone beside him on his pillow.
B) He works in an Indian restaurant where many customers carry cell phones.
C) He takes his cell phone into the bathroom with him so he won't miss a call.
D) Sajan won't ever turn off his phone, even in the movie theaters.

Question 11

(1) Because hikers, campers, and others who love the outdoors are likely to encounter a snake, they need to know the main differences between venomous snakes and non-venomous snakes. (2) Venomous snakes and non-venomous snakes differ in several ways. (3) Venomous snakes such as copperheads and rattlesnakes usually have triangle-shaped heads instead of the elongated oval-shaped heads of non-venomous snakes. (5) The eyes of venomous snakes usually have elliptical-shaped pupils instead of the rounded pupils that non-venomous snakes have. (6) Venomous snakes also have fangs, which non-venomous snakes do not have. (7) A snakebite made by a venomous snake will consist of two close-set puncture marks. (8) In contrast, a non-venomous snake's bite mark will look ragged. (9) If the snake is swimming in the water, a venomous snake such as a water moccasin will swim with its entire body visible on the water's surface. (10) However, a non-venomous snake, such as a harmless water snake, will swim with only its head above water.
What writing pattern does this paragraph employ?

A) Illustration
B) Process
C) Comparison and contrast
D) Narration

Question 12

Read each paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) The talent and drive of surfer Lisa Andersen quickly propelled her to the top of her sport. (2) In 1983, thirteen-year-old Andersen paddled a friend's surfboard into the ocean off the coast of Florida's Ormond Beach, caught a breaking wave, and easily rode it to shore. (3) Thrilled to discover this natural talent, she realized that she might have the potential to become a serious female surfer. (4) Soon, in hopes of gaining a competitive edge, she began practicing with only her most skilled male counterparts. (5) In 1987, this strategy paid off when she won the U.S. amateur women's surfing contest. (6) Later that year, Lisa turned professional; by 1992, she was winning major competitions and training for the world championship. (7) Almost immediately, however, news that she was pregnant put any plans to win the 1993 championship on hold. (8) Andersen says that although it cost her one year's title, the birth of her daughter Erica motivated her to go all the way to the top. (9) In 1994, Lisa was crowned world surfing champion, a title she won again in 1995, 1996, and 1997. (10) Today, the four-time winner is credited with inspiring a generation of young women to enter the once male-dominated world of surfing.
What writing pattern does this paragraph employ?

A) Illustration
B) Process
C) Narration
D) Comparison and contrast

Question 13

Each general statement is followed by several examples. Select the letter of the example that does not clearly illustrate the generalization.
Many of my friends have made lifestyle changes to practice "green living" and turn themselves into everyday environmentalists.

A) My friend Dan traded in his gas-guzzling SUV for a hybrid car that uses just a fraction of the gasoline he used to buy.
B) My friend Aylana now recycles all plastic, paper, glass, and aluminum waste that she used to toss in the trash and send to the landfill.
C) My pal Antwon quit using plastic grocery bags that wind up as pollution on land and in water and now buys more locally-grown meats and produce.
D) My buddy Jorge joined a gym, exercises at least three times a week, and lost 20 pounds.

Question 14

Read each paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) Readers now can obtain most books in either traditional printed form or electronic, e-book, form. (2) These two options differ in several ways. (3) The first difference is their portability. (4) Traditional printed texts can be bulky and heavy to lug around, especially when the reader wants to carry several books at one time. (5) E-books, on the other hand, are stored digitally in a slim, lightweight e-reader device such as a Kindle or iPad, so it's much easier for readers to transport multiple books. (6) However, unlike print books, e-books are not suitable for places like the beach or the bathtub, where e-reader devices could be damaged by water. (7) Another difference between printed books and e-books is their price. (8) Paper-and-ink books are usually more expensive because of the costs involved in printing, storing, and distributing them. (9) In contrast, e-books are delivered digitally, so they cost less. (10) A new book that's sold in print form for $24.99 will typically cost only $9.99 in e-book form. (11) A third difference between print books and e-books is readability. (12) Printed books, of course, can be read just about anywhere, but e-books are often difficult to see in brighter light outdoors. (13) Finally, the two options differ in terms of the reading experience they provide. (14) Despite the advantages of e-books, many readers still prefer the sensory pleasures of holding and turning the pages of a printed book, which are missing when reading a text on a screen. (15) Because the pagination of e-book texts differs from those of print texts, it's difficult to refer to specific page numbers during a class or book club meeting.
What writing pattern does the paragraph employ?

A) Narration
B) Comparison and contrast
C) Illustration
D) Process

Question 15

(1) Because hikers, campers, and others who love the outdoors are likely to encounter a snake, they need to know the main differences between venomous snakes and non-venomous snakes. (2) Venomous snakes and non-venomous snakes differ in several ways. (3) Venomous snakes such as copperheads and rattlesnakes usually have triangle-shaped heads instead of the elongated oval-shaped heads of non-venomous snakes. (5) The eyes of venomous snakes usually have elliptical-shaped pupils instead of the rounded pupils that non-venomous snakes have. (6) Venomous snakes also have fangs, which non-venomous snakes do not have. (7) A snakebite made by a venomous snake will consist of two close-set puncture marks. (8) In contrast, a non-venomous snake's bite mark will look ragged. (9) If the snake is swimming in the water, a venomous snake such as a water moccasin will swim with its entire body visible on the water's surface. (10) However, a non-venomous snake, such as a harmless water snake, will swim with only its head above water.
Which of the following is a transitional expression used in the paragraph to indicate comparison or contrast?

A) Because
B) However
C) If

Question 16

(1) Because hikers, campers, and others who love the outdoors are likely to encounter a snake, they need to know the main differences between venomous snakes and non-venomous snakes. (2) Venomous snakes and non-venomous snakes differ in several ways. (3) Venomous snakes such as copperheads and rattlesnakes usually have triangle-shaped heads instead of the elongated oval-shaped heads of non-venomous snakes. (5) The eyes of venomous snakes usually have elliptical-shaped pupils instead of the rounded pupils that non-venomous snakes have. (6) Venomous snakes also have fangs, which non-venomous snakes do not have. (7) A snakebite made by a venomous snake will consist of two close-set puncture marks. (8) In contrast, a non-venomous snake's bite mark will look ragged. (9) If the snake is swimming in the water, a venomous snake such as a water moccasin will swim with its entire body visible on the water's surface. (10) However, a non-venomous snake, such as a harmless water snake, will swim with only its head above water.
Does this paragraph compare, contrast, or both?

A) compares only
B) contrasts only
C) compares and contrasts

Question 17

Read each paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) Readers now can obtain most books in either traditional printed form or electronic, e-book, form. (2) These two options differ in several ways. (3) The first difference is their portability. (4) Traditional printed texts can be bulky and heavy to lug around, especially when the reader wants to carry several books at one time. (5) E-books, on the other hand, are stored digitally in a slim, lightweight e-reader device such as a Kindle or iPad, so it's much easier for readers to transport multiple books. (6) However, unlike print books, e-books are not suitable for places like the beach or the bathtub, where e-reader devices could be damaged by water. (7) Another difference between printed books and e-books is their price. (8) Paper-and-ink books are usually more expensive because of the costs involved in printing, storing, and distributing them. (9) In contrast, e-books are delivered digitally, so they cost less. (10) A new book that's sold in print form for $24.99 will typically cost only $9.99 in e-book form. (11) A third difference between print books and e-books is readability. (12) Printed books, of course, can be read just about anywhere, but e-books are often difficult to see in brighter light outdoors. (13) Finally, the two options differ in terms of the reading experience they provide. (14) Despite the advantages of e-books, many readers still prefer the sensory pleasures of holding and turning the pages of a printed book, which are missing when reading a text on a screen. (15) Because the pagination of e-book texts differs from those of print texts, it's difficult to refer to specific page numbers during a class or book club meeting.
Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph above.

A) Sentence 1
B) Sentence 2
C) Sentence 14

Question 18

Each question below is a plan for a paragraph. The details are not in the correct order. Select the letter of the answer that numbers the details in the proper sequence
A childhood love of performing music launched rocker and songwriter Lenny Kravitz on the path to stardom.
_____ When his family moved to Los Angeles in 1974, ten-year-old Lenny won a place in the California Boys Choir and taught himself to play many instruments.
_____ As a teen, he studied music at the Berkeley Hills School and created the dramatic look for which he is now famous.
_____ Before he was ten, he had convinced his parents to take him to concerts by James Brown, Duke Ellington, and the Jackson 5.
_____ Lenny and his father produced his first album, Let Love Rule, which won him a Virgin Records contract and huge numbers of fans.
____ As a toddler in Brooklyn, New York, Lenny made his own drum set out of pots and pans.

A) 1, 3, 2, 5, 4
B) 2, 1, 5, 4, 3
C) 3, 4, 2, 5, 1

Question 19

(1) Because hikers, campers, and others who love the outdoors are likely to encounter a snake, they need to know the main differences between venomous snakes and non-venomous snakes. (2) Venomous snakes and non-venomous snakes differ in several ways. (3) Venomous snakes such as copperheads and rattlesnakes usually have triangle-shaped heads instead of the elongated oval-shaped heads of non-venomous snakes. (5) The eyes of venomous snakes usually have elliptical-shaped pupils instead of the rounded pupils that non-venomous snakes have. (6) Venomous snakes also have fangs, which non-venomous snakes do not have. (7) A snakebite made by a venomous snake will consist of two close-set puncture marks. (8) In contrast, a non-venomous snake's bite mark will look ragged. (9) If the snake is swimming in the water, a venomous snake such as a water moccasin will swim with its entire body visible on the water's surface. (10) However, a non-venomous snake, such as a harmless water snake, will swim with only its head above water.
Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph above.

A) Sentence 1
B) Sentence 2
C) Sentence 10

Question 20

Read each paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) The talent and drive of surfer Lisa Andersen quickly propelled her to the top of her sport. (2) In 1983, thirteen-year-old Andersen paddled a friend's surfboard into the ocean off the coast of Florida's Ormond Beach, caught a breaking wave, and easily rode it to shore. (3) Thrilled to discover this natural talent, she realized that she might have the potential to become a serious female surfer. (4) Soon, in hopes of gaining a competitive edge, she began practicing with only her most skilled male counterparts. (5) In 1987, this strategy paid off when she won the U.S. amateur women's surfing contest. (6) Later that year, Lisa turned professional; by 1992, she was winning major competitions and training for the world championship. (7) Almost immediately, however, news that she was pregnant put any plans to win the 1993 championship on hold. (8) Andersen says that although it cost her one year's title, the birth of her daughter Erica motivated her to go all the way to the top. (9) In 1994, Lisa was crowned world surfing champion, a title she won again in 1995, 1996, and 1997. (10) Today, the four-time winner is credited with inspiring a generation of young women to enter the once male-dominated world of surfing.
Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph above.

A) Sentence 1
B) Sentence 2
C) Sentence 10

Question 21

Each item below is a plan for a paragraph. The details are not in the correct order. Select the letter of the answer that numbers the details in the proper sequence
Earth is a sphere composed of four distinct layers. _____ At the Earth's center is the inner core, which is made of hot, solid metals.
____ Just beneath the crust is the mantle, an 1,800-mile-thick, semi-solid layer that flows,
Boils, and sometimes spills out from volcanoes.
_____ The part that we see and live on is the Earth's crust, the outer, rocky layer that averages
22 miles deep.
_____ Below the mantle is the 1,400-mile-thick outer core, which is made up of liquid metals
That are as hot as our Sun.

A) 1, 2, 4, 3
B) 4, 2, 1, 3
C) 1, 3, 4, 2

Question 22

Read each paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) Readers now can obtain most books in either traditional printed form or electronic, e-book, form. (2) These two options differ in several ways. (3) The first difference is their portability. (4) Traditional printed texts can be bulky and heavy to lug around, especially when the reader wants to carry several books at one time. (5) E-books, on the other hand, are stored digitally in a slim, lightweight e-reader device such as a Kindle or iPad, so it's much easier for readers to transport multiple books. (6) However, unlike print books, e-books are not suitable for places like the beach or the bathtub, where e-reader devices could be damaged by water. (7) Another difference between printed books and e-books is their price. (8) Paper-and-ink books are usually more expensive because of the costs involved in printing, storing, and distributing them. (9) In contrast, e-books are delivered digitally, so they cost less. (10) A new book that's sold in print form for $24.99 will typically cost only $9.99 in e-book form. (11) A third difference between print books and e-books is readability. (12) Printed books, of course, can be read just about anywhere, but e-books are often difficult to see in brighter light outdoors. (13) Finally, the two options differ in terms of the reading experience they provide. (14) Despite the advantages of e-books, many readers still prefer the sensory pleasures of holding and turning the pages of a printed book, which are missing when reading a text on a screen. (15) Because the pagination of e-book texts differs from those of print texts, it's difficult to refer to specific page numbers during a class or book club meeting.
What two things are being compared and/or contrasted?

A) printed books and e-books
B) the Kindle and the iPad
C) reading outdoors and reading indoors

Question 23

Read each paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) Readers now can obtain most books in either traditional printed form or electronic, e-book, form. (2) These two options differ in several ways. (3) The first difference is their portability. (4) Traditional printed texts can be bulky and heavy to lug around, especially when the reader wants to carry several books at one time. (5) E-books, on the other hand, are stored digitally in a slim, lightweight e-reader device such as a Kindle or iPad, so it's much easier for readers to transport multiple books. (6) However, unlike print books, e-books are not suitable for places like the beach or the bathtub, where e-reader devices could be damaged by water. (7) Another difference between printed books and e-books is their price. (8) Paper-and-ink books are usually more expensive because of the costs involved in printing, storing, and distributing them. (9) In contrast, e-books are delivered digitally, so they cost less. (10) A new book that's sold in print form for $24.99 will typically cost only $9.99 in e-book form. (11) A third difference between print books and e-books is readability. (12) Printed books, of course, can be read just about anywhere, but e-books are often difficult to see in brighter light outdoors. (13) Finally, the two options differ in terms of the reading experience they provide. (14) Despite the advantages of e-books, many readers still prefer the sensory pleasures of holding and turning the pages of a printed book, which are missing when reading a text on a screen. (15) Because the pagination of e-book texts differs from those of print texts, it's difficult to refer to specific page numbers during a class or book club meeting.
Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph above.

A) Sentence 1
B) Sentence 2
C) Sentence 10

Question 24

(1) Kudzu is an invasive plant causing great harm in the United States, but it was brought here on purpose and cultivated. (2) In 1876, this Japanese vine with fragrant blossoms was shown at the 100^th anniversary of the United States. (3) Americans were enchanted, and some recommended planting it as a garden plant, animal feed, or erosion control. (4) The trouble was that kudzu grew too well. (5) Known as mile-a-minute vine, it raced over fields, climbing trees and strangling the life out of all greenery in its path. (6) Its roots, which must be destroyed to kill it, run wide and deep. (7) In 1970, the U.S. declared kudzu a weed and in 1997, a noxious weed. (8) This vine that started in the South now covers over 7 million acres, blanketing forests as far North as New England. (9) Incredibly, kudzu is ranked as one of the five worst invasive species in the U.S., ahead of killer bees and Burmese pythons.
Which of the following sentences contains a transitional expression that indicates time?

A) Sentence 2
B) Sentence 3
C) Sentence 5
D) Sentence 9

Question 25

Read each paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) Readers now can obtain most books in either traditional printed form or electronic, e-book, form. (2) These two options differ in several ways. (3) The first difference is their portability. (4) Traditional printed texts can be bulky and heavy to lug around, especially when the reader wants to carry several books at one time. (5) E-books, on the other hand, are stored digitally in a slim, lightweight e-reader device such as a Kindle or iPad, so it's much easier for readers to transport multiple books. (6) However, unlike print books, e-books are not suitable for places like the beach or the bathtub, where e-reader devices could be damaged by water. (7) Another difference between printed books and e-books is their price. (8) Paper-and-ink books are usually more expensive because of the costs involved in printing, storing, and distributing them. (9) In contrast, e-books are delivered digitally, so they cost less. (10) A new book that's sold in print form for $24.99 will typically cost only $9.99 in e-book form. (11) A third difference between print books and e-books is readability. (12) Printed books, of course, can be read just about anywhere, but e-books are often difficult to see in brighter light outdoors. (13) Finally, the two options differ in terms of the reading experience they provide. (14) Despite the advantages of e-books, many readers still prefer the sensory pleasures of holding and turning the pages of a printed book, which are missing when reading a text on a screen. (15) Because the pagination of e-book texts differs from those of print texts, it's difficult to refer to specific page numbers during a class or book club meeting.
Which of the following is NOT a transitional expression used in the paragraph to indicate comparison or contrast?

A) on the other hand
B) however
C) in contrast
D) of course
(1) If your vehicle plunges off a road or bridge into a body of water and begins to sink, you can survive if you follow a set of steps to escape. (2) First of all, don't panic. (3) You'll need to remain calm to be able to make the right decisions. (4) Second, unbuckle your seatbelt. (5) Third, don't try to open the door; instead, roll down your window. (6) If the window won't open, you'll have to break it by hitting it with a heavy object or kicking it with your feet. (7) Then, if water is not yet rushing in through the open window, climb out and swim away from the sinking vehicle. (8) If water is gushing in too fast for you to get out, you'll have to wait until it fills the car. (9) When the car is about to submerge, take a deep breath and hold it as you go underwater. (10) Finally, swim out through the open window and away from the vehicle.

Question 26

Each general statement is followed by several examples. Select the letter of the example that does not clearly illustrate the generalization.
Although many people still pursue traditional ways of relaxing like video games or playing a musical instrument, others seek out more unusual hobbies.

A) Some people spend hours fashioning sculptures out of duct tape.
B) Ghost-hunting in graveyards is worth losing sleep for some amateur investigators.
C) Many people eagerly attend sporting events, such as football games, in their spare time.
D) Studying or collecting flags appeals to a few history buffs.

Question 27

Each item below is a plan for a paragraph. The details are not in the correct order. Select the letter of the answer that numbers the details in the proper sequence
Disney World and other hugely successful theme parks evolved over time from agricultural fairs.

A) 2, 1, 4, 3
B) 3, 4, 1, 2
C) 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 28

(1) Kudzu is an invasive plant causing great harm in the United States, but it was brought here on purpose and cultivated. (2) In 1876, this Japanese vine with fragrant blossoms was shown at the 100^th anniversary of the United States. (3) Americans were enchanted, and some recommended planting it as a garden plant, animal feed, or erosion control. (4) The trouble was that kudzu grew too well. (5) Known as mile-a-minute vine, it raced over fields, climbing trees and strangling the life out of all greenery in its path. (6) Its roots, which must be destroyed to kill it, run wide and deep. (7) In 1970, the U.S. declared kudzu a weed and in 1997, a noxious weed. (8) This vine that started in the South now covers over 7 million acres, blanketing forests as far North as New England. (9) Incredibly, kudzu is ranked as one of the five worst invasive species in the U.S., ahead of killer bees and Burmese pythons.
Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph above.

A) Sentence 1
B) Sentence 2
C) Sentence 9

Question 29

Each general statement is followed by several examples. Select the letter of the example that does not clearly illustrate the generalization.
State troopers report that many people do dangerous and outrageous things while driving.

A) One woman applied mascara, pressing her face close to the rearview mirror as she drove 65 miles an hour.
B) A woman shopped in a Detroit supermarket while wearing a Queen Elizabeth mask and a crown.
C) Another man glanced up and down as he changed lanes, writing in a spiral notebook propped against the steering wheel.
D) A man ate scrambled eggs with a fork-from a plate on his dashboard.

Question 30

Each general statement is followed by several examples. Select the letter of the example that does not clearly illustrate the generalization.
In other nations, warnings on tobacco products are more blunt--even disgusting--than the warnings required in the United States.

A) Australia has adopted new warnings that show pictures of cancerous lungs and bloody brains, along with the warning "Smoking doubles your risk of stroke."
B) The European Union sponsors an antismoking campaign that targets twelve- to eighteen-year-olds.
C) Packages of cigarettes in England feature messages such as "Smoking kills," which are printed in letters so large that they cover a third of the box.
D) In Canada, photos of decayed teeth are on packages of tobacco products.

Question 31

Read each paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) Readers now can obtain most books in either traditional printed form or electronic, e-book, form. (2) These two options differ in several ways. (3) The first difference is their portability. (4) Traditional printed texts can be bulky and heavy to lug around, especially when the reader wants to carry several books at one time. (5) E-books, on the other hand, are stored digitally in a slim, lightweight e-reader device such as a Kindle or iPad, so it's much easier for readers to transport multiple books. (6) However, unlike print books, e-books are not suitable for places like the beach or the bathtub, where e-reader devices could be damaged by water. (7) Another difference between printed books and e-books is their price. (8) Paper-and-ink books are usually more expensive because of the costs involved in printing, storing, and distributing them. (9) In contrast, e-books are delivered digitally, so they cost less. (10) A new book that's sold in print form for $24.99 will typically cost only $9.99 in e-book form. (11) A third difference between print books and e-books is readability. (12) Printed books, of course, can be read just about anywhere, but e-books are often difficult to see in brighter light outdoors. (13) Finally, the two options differ in terms of the reading experience they provide. (14) Despite the advantages of e-books, many readers still prefer the sensory pleasures of holding and turning the pages of a printed book, which are missing when reading a text on a screen. (15) Because the pagination of e-book texts differs from those of print texts, it's difficult to refer to specific page numbers during a class or book club meeting.
What writing pattern does this paragraph employ?

A) Illustration
B) Process
C) Comparison and contrast
D) Narration

Question 32

Each item below is a plan for a paragraph. The details are not in the correct order. Select the letter of the answer that numbers the details in the proper sequence
Below is a plan for a contrast paragraph. The points of contrast in the second column do not follow the same order as the points in the first column. Select the answer that correctly numbers the points in the second column to match those in the first.

A) 1, 2, 4, 3
B) 4, 3, 1, 2
C) 2, 4, 3, 1

Question 33

Read each paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) Readers now can obtain most books in either traditional printed form or electronic, e-book, form. (2) These two options differ in several ways. (3) The first difference is their portability. (4) Traditional printed texts can be bulky and heavy to lug around, especially when the reader wants to carry several books at one time. (5) E-books, on the other hand, are stored digitally in a slim, lightweight e-reader device such as a Kindle or iPad, so it's much easier for readers to transport multiple books. (6) However, unlike print books, e-books are not suitable for places like the beach or the bathtub, where e-reader devices could be damaged by water. (7) Another difference between printed books and e-books is their price. (8) Paper-and-ink books are usually more expensive because of the costs involved in printing, storing, and distributing them. (9) In contrast, e-books are delivered digitally, so they cost less. (10) A new book that's sold in print form for $24.99 will typically cost only $9.99 in e-book form. (11) A third difference between print books and e-books is readability. (12) Printed books, of course, can be read just about anywhere, but e-books are often difficult to see in brighter light outdoors. (13) Finally, the two options differ in terms of the reading experience they provide. (14) Despite the advantages of e-books, many readers still prefer the sensory pleasures of holding and turning the pages of a printed book, which are missing when reading a text on a screen. (15) Because the pagination of e-book texts differs from those of print texts, it's difficult to refer to specific page numbers during a class or book club meeting.
Which of the following sentences in the paragraph does NOT contain a transitional expression that indicates time?

A) Sentence 5
B) Sentence 6
C) Sentence 7
D) Sentence 10

Question 34

Each general statement is followed by several examples. Select the letter of the example that does not clearly illustrate the generalization.
Aquariums are adding new interactive exhibits to help visitors enter underwater worlds.

A) Visitors to the National Aquarium in Baltimore can see a life-sized model of a humpback whale.
B) At California's Monterey Bay Aquarium, kids can put on modified scuba gear and jump into the Great Tide Pool for a closer look at creatures like sea cucumbers and sea stars.
C) At Tampa's Florida Aquarium, children ages six and up can swim with angelfish, grouper, and moray eels.
D) The Florida Aquarium allows certified divers over age fifteen to get into a tank with zebra, nurse, and black-trip reef sharks.