Deck 8: Proofreading to Correct Your Personal Error Patterns

Question 1

Which of the following is the most effective way to increase your awareness of the errors you tend to make?

A) Ask your classmates to identify the mistakes you're making.
B) Go to your school's writing lab and ask a tutor to help you.
C) Put away your graded papers without looking at them.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

For each of the following questions about the six proofreading strategies presented in Chapter 8, select the letter of the correct answer for the blank.
For best results, proofreading should be done _____________.

A) slowly and carefully
B) only if you have time left after you finish writing
C) during the two minutes before class starts

Answer 2

A

Question 3

For each of the following questions about the six proofreading strategies presented in Chapter 8, select the letter of the correct answer for the blank.
Reading __________ makes it easier to skip over mistakes.

A) silently
B) out loud
C) to others

Answer 3

A

Question 4

For each of the following questions about the six proofreading strategies presented in Chapter 8, select the letter of the correct answer for the blank.
One way to fool the brain into taking a fresh look at something you've written is to read _________.

A) from the end backward to the beginning
B) from the beginning forward to the end
C) every other sentence

Question 5

For each of the following sets (subject, audience, and purpose), select the letter of the most appropriate choice for the blank.
Subject: dropping out of high school Audience: _____________________________________
Purpose: to convince readers to complete their high school education

A) teenagers
B) college students
C) senior citizens

Question 6

For each of the following questions about the six proofreading strategies presented in Chapter 8, select the letter of the correct answer for the blank.
One way to help the brain focus on just one sentence at a time is to reformat the paper to __________.

A) make the size of the words in each sentence very large
B) reduce the size of the margins so that there is little white space on the page
C) put every sentence on a separate line

Question 7

For each of the following sets (subject, audience, and purpose), select the letter of the most appropriate choice for the blank.
Which prewriting technique involves jotting down words and phrases in list form?

A) freewriting
B) brainstorming
C) clustering
The following group of sentences can be arranged and written as a paragraph. Select the letter of the sentence that would be the best topic sentence.

Question 8

For each of the following questions about the six proofreading strategies presented in Chapter 8, select the letter of the correct answer for the blank.
If you make many mistakes, you should proofread ____________.

A) for all of your error patterns at the same time
B) for each error pattern separately
C) for only the most serious error patterns

Question 9

For each of the following questions about the six proofreading strategies presented in Chapter 8, select the letter of the correct answer for the blank.
People who proofread on _____________ tend to miss more errors.

A) computers
B) paper
C) Fridays

Question 10

An error you make two, three, or more times is called a(n)

A) proofreading strategy.
B) error pattern.
C) correction.

Question 11

To catch errors most effectively,

A) proofread your paper on the computer screen before printing it.
B) print your paper, and then proofread it.
C) proofread your handwritten rough draft before you type it.

Question 12

For each of the following questions about the six proofreading strategies presented in Chapter 8, select the letter of the correct answer for the blank.
Proofreading is most effective when you _____________ revising your draft.

A) do it immediately after
B) take a break after
C) do it as you are

Question 13

Proofreading is most effective when you

A) read your paper silently to yourself.
B) read your paper aloud or have someone else read it aloud to you.
C) wait until about two minutes before you have to turn it in, and then it read it over quickly.

Question 14

The "bottoms up" proofreading technique involves reading your paper one sentence at a time,

A) from the last sentence to the first sentence.
B) from the first sentence to the last sentence.
C) randomly choosing just two or three sentences to check.

Question 15

For each of the following sets (subject, audience, and purpose), select the letter of the most appropriate choice for the blank.
Subject: techniques for organizing class materials Audience: people who lack organizational skills
Purpose: _____________________________________

A) to tell people how to conquer messes in their cabinets and closets
B) to persuade people to get organized
C) to inform students about ways they can get organized

Question 16

For each of the following sets (subject, audience, and purpose), select the letter of the most appropriate choice for the blank.
_______

A) Batboys work very long hours and often have to report for duty at 3:00 a.m. to work four hours before school and then work after school until 1:00 a.m.
B) Batboys perform about a hundred different menial jobs, from doing laundry to cleaning the locker room to polishing shoes and running out for food.
C) Although batboys rub elbows with stars like Miguel Cabrera and ride with the team in parades, working as a batboy for a major league baseball team is not as glamorous as it may seem.
D) For all of their hard work and long hours, batboys make only $5.15 per hour, even after several years on the job.

Question 17

Proofreading is most effective when you do it

A) immediately after completing the first draft of your paper.
B) when you're tired.
C) in a quiet place where you won't be distracted.

Question 18

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) According to a study conducted by the United Nations, Americans work much longer hours than Europeans. (2) In the United States, about 86% of men and 66% of women work more than 40 hours per week. (3) In contrast, few Europeans ever work over 40 hours per week, and full-time workers in several European counties, such as France, work as little as 30-35 hours per week. (4) The average American puts in 1,800 hours per year on the job; in some European counties, full-time workers put in as few as 1,400 hours per year. (5) Companies typically give their full-time American employees only two week's paid vacation every year whereas they give European workers 4-6 week's annual vacation leave. (6) European counties have laws that guarantee workers a minimum amount of vacation time and limit the length of the workweek to a maximum of 48 hours. (7) The United States, however, has no such laws for its workers.
Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph above.

A) Sentence 1
B) Sentence 2
C) Sentence 7

Question 19

For each of the following sets (subject, audience, and purpose), select the letter of the most appropriate choice for the blank.
Subject: ______________________________________ Audience: people who drink and then drive their vehicles
Purpose: to convince people not to drink and drive

A) alcohol's damaging effects on health
B) negative consequences of drinking and then driving
C) the dangers of driving too fast
Select the letter of the correct answer.

Question 20

Slowly reading your revised paragraph or essay in order to find and correct any errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling is called

A) proofreading.
B) studying.
C) revising.

Question 21

Read the essay below. For each of the questions that follow, select the letter of the correct answer.
Use the following to answer questions 1-8:
Quit Smoking Now
(1) In the United States today, an estimated 25.9 million men and 22.8 million women are smokers. Every day, about 3,000 people under the age of eighteen become smokers. Still, though, four out of every five smokers wish they could quit. For a number of reasons, every individual who smokes should try very hard to kick the habit.
(2) One obvious reason to stop smoking is to save money-quite a lot of it, as a matter of fact. The cost of a pack of cigarettes is now about $5, so a two-packs-a-day smoker will pay $304 per month and $3,650 per year to support his or her habit. This is money that could be stashed away in a savings account and spent on a home, a car, or a dream vacation. Americans often have inadequate savings accounts, and they could improve their finances by paying saved cash rather than charging the cost of purchases on credit cards.
(3) The most important reason to stop smoking, though, is to improve health. Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to suffer from colds, headaches, and insomnia. A third of smokers complain of debilitating fatigue, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory disorders. Worst of all, though, smoking causes a host of deadly diseases; in fact, it is a major cause of heart attack, stroke, and cancer. Every year, 400,000 people die from tobacco-related diseases.
(4) Smoking causes bad breath and yellows teeth. It also leaves a foul odor in the hair, clothing, and surroundings of not only the person who smokes but also everyone in close proximity to the smoker. Smoking ages the skin, too, making smokers look older than their years.
(5) Because smoking harmful in all of these respects, the best thing smokers can do for themselves and their loved ones is quit. They should try all of options available, such as nicotine patches and smoking cessation programs. Quitting is difficult thing to do, but it's worth it.
This essay was written for an audience of

A) people who have never smoked.
B) people who smoke.
C) people who have quit smoking.

Question 22

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) To calm yourself when you're feeling stressed, try a simple but effective deep breathing technique. (2) First, sit up straight, and place one of your hands on your chest and the other on your abdomen. (3) Next, pull a deep breath in through your nose so that your abdomen expands and the hand on it rises. (4) The hand on your chest should not move much at all. (5) Then, as you exhale through your mouth, push out the air while you pull in your abdominal muscles. (6) The hand on your abdomen should move inward while the other hand stays still. (7) Inhale again, and repeat the process. (8) As you continue this cycle of inhaling and exhaling while your abdomen rises and falls, you will get more oxygen into your lungs and bloodstream, and you will begin to feel less tense and more relaxed.
Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph above.

A) Sentence 1
B) Sentence 2
C) Sentence 8

Question 23

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) To calm yourself when you're feeling stressed, try a simple but effective deep breathing technique. (2) First, sit up straight, and place one of your hands on your chest and the other on your abdomen. (3) Next, pull a deep breath in through your nose so that your abdomen expands and the hand on it rises. (4) The hand on your chest should not move much at all. (5) Then, as you exhale through your mouth, push out the air while you pull in your abdominal muscles. (6) The hand on your abdomen should move inward while the other hand stays still. (7) Inhale again, and repeat the process. (8) As you continue this cycle of inhaling and exhaling while your abdomen rises and falls, you will get more oxygen into your lungs and bloodstream, and you will begin to feel less tense and more relaxed.
The band began to march down the parade route. (1) _____ behind the flutes and clarinets, rows of trumpets, trombones, and tubas
(2) _____ immediately after the drum major came the flutes and clarinets in the first rows
(3) _____ majorettes twirling batons led the way, with the drum major marching right behind them
(4) _____ in the last row, the drum line played the cadence
(5) _____ bringing up the rear were the flag twirlers

A) 1, 4, 2, 5, 3
B) 2, 4, 3, 5, 1
C) 3, 2, 1, 4, 5
D) 5, 1, 4, 3, 2
For each pair of sentences, select the letter of the sentence with more exact language.

Question 24

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) To calm yourself when you're feeling stressed, try a simple but effective deep breathing technique. (2) First, sit up straight, and place one of your hands on your chest and the other on your abdomen. (3) Next, pull a deep breath in through your nose so that your abdomen expands and the hand on it rises. (4) The hand on your chest should not move much at all. (5) Then, as you exhale through your mouth, push out the air while you pull in your abdominal muscles. (6) The hand on your abdomen should move inward while the other hand stays still. (7) Inhale again, and repeat the process. (8) As you continue this cycle of inhaling and exhaling while your abdomen rises and falls, you will get more oxygen into your lungs and bloodstream, and you will begin to feel less tense and more relaxed.
For each pair of sentences, select the letter of the sentence with more concise language.

A) I prefer spicy foods that contain a lot of spice and have a lot of flavor, and I dislike plain, bland foods without much taste.
B) I prefer spicy, flavorful foods.

Question 25

Read the essay below. For each of the questions that follow, select the letter of the correct answer.
Use the following to answer questions 1-8:
Quit Smoking Now
(1) In the United States today, an estimated 25.9 million men and 22.8 million women are smokers. Every day, about 3,000 people under the age of eighteen become smokers. Still, though, four out of every five smokers wish they could quit. For a number of reasons, every individual who smokes should try very hard to kick the habit.
(2) One obvious reason to stop smoking is to save money-quite a lot of it, as a matter of fact. The cost of a pack of cigarettes is now about $5, so a two-packs-a-day smoker will pay $304 per month and $3,650 per year to support his or her habit. This is money that could be stashed away in a savings account and spent on a home, a car, or a dream vacation. Americans often have inadequate savings accounts, and they could improve their finances by paying saved cash rather than charging the cost of purchases on credit cards.
(3) The most important reason to stop smoking, though, is to improve health. Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to suffer from colds, headaches, and insomnia. A third of smokers complain of debilitating fatigue, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory disorders. Worst of all, though, smoking causes a host of deadly diseases; in fact, it is a major cause of heart attack, stroke, and cancer. Every year, 400,000 people die from tobacco-related diseases.
(4) Smoking causes bad breath and yellows teeth. It also leaves a foul odor in the hair, clothing, and surroundings of not only the person who smokes but also everyone in close proximity to the smoker. Smoking ages the skin, too, making smokers look older than their years.
(5) Because smoking harmful in all of these respects, the best thing smokers can do for themselves and their loved ones is quit. They should try all of options available, such as nicotine patches and smoking cessation programs. Quitting is difficult thing to do, but it's worth it.
What type of order (time order, space order, or order of importance) organizes the details in paragraph 3?

A) time order
B) space order
C) order of importance

Question 26

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) According to a study conducted by the United Nations, Americans work much longer hours than Europeans. (2) In the United States, about 86% of men and 66% of women work more than 40 hours per week. (3) In contrast, few Europeans ever work over 40 hours per week, and full-time workers in several European counties, such as France, work as little as 30-35 hours per week. (4) The average American puts in 1,800 hours per year on the job; in some European counties, full-time workers put in as few as 1,400 hours per year. (5) Companies typically give their full-time American employees only two week's paid vacation every year whereas they give European workers 4-6 week's annual vacation leave. (6) European counties have laws that guarantee workers a minimum amount of vacation time and limit the length of the workweek to a maximum of 48 hours. (7) The United States, however, has no such laws for its workers.
Which of the following sentences in the paragraph includes a transitional expression that indicates comparison or contrast?

A) Sentence 2
B) Sentence 3
C) Sentence 4
D) Sentence 6

Question 27

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) To calm yourself when you're feeling stressed, try a simple but effective deep breathing technique. (2) First, sit up straight, and place one of your hands on your chest and the other on your abdomen. (3) Next, pull a deep breath in through your nose so that your abdomen expands and the hand on it rises. (4) The hand on your chest should not move much at all. (5) Then, as you exhale through your mouth, push out the air while you pull in your abdominal muscles. (6) The hand on your abdomen should move inward while the other hand stays still. (7) Inhale again, and repeat the process. (8) As you continue this cycle of inhaling and exhaling while your abdomen rises and falls, you will get more oxygen into your lungs and bloodstream, and you will begin to feel less tense and more relaxed.
Many athletes use good luck charms in hopes that they will magically enhance their performance.

A) Some players always wear a St. Christopher medal around their necks during games.
B) Most athletes insist on having a long warm-up period prior to playing in a game.
C) Many athletes have been known to tuck an item, such as a lucky coin or a photo of someone special, in a pocket of their uniform.
D) Quite a few players like to wear an item of clothing they consider lucky, such as an undershirt or a certain pair of socks.
Select the letter of the correct order for each set of details or sentences.

Question 28

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) To calm yourself when you're feeling stressed, try a simple but effective deep breathing technique. (2) First, sit up straight, and place one of your hands on your chest and the other on your abdomen. (3) Next, pull a deep breath in through your nose so that your abdomen expands and the hand on it rises. (4) The hand on your chest should not move much at all. (5) Then, as you exhale through your mouth, push out the air while you pull in your abdominal muscles. (6) The hand on your abdomen should move inward while the other hand stays still. (7) Inhale again, and repeat the process. (8) As you continue this cycle of inhaling and exhaling while your abdomen rises and falls, you will get more oxygen into your lungs and bloodstream, and you will begin to feel less tense and more relaxed.
For each pair of sentences, select the letter of the sentence with more concise language.

A) George quickly mowed his lawn.
B) In a short period of time, George used the lawnmower to mow and cut green grass that was growing in his lawn.

Question 29

Read the essay below. For each of the questions that follow, select the letter of the correct answer.
Use the following to answer questions 1-8:
Quit Smoking Now
(1) In the United States today, an estimated 25.9 million men and 22.8 million women are smokers. Every day, about 3,000 people under the age of eighteen become smokers. Still, though, four out of every five smokers wish they could quit. For a number of reasons, every individual who smokes should try very hard to kick the habit.
(2) One obvious reason to stop smoking is to save money-quite a lot of it, as a matter of fact. The cost of a pack of cigarettes is now about $5, so a two-packs-a-day smoker will pay $304 per month and $3,650 per year to support his or her habit. This is money that could be stashed away in a savings account and spent on a home, a car, or a dream vacation. Americans often have inadequate savings accounts, and they could improve their finances by paying saved cash rather than charging the cost of purchases on credit cards.
(3) The most important reason to stop smoking, though, is to improve health. Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to suffer from colds, headaches, and insomnia. A third of smokers complain of debilitating fatigue, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory disorders. Worst of all, though, smoking causes a host of deadly diseases; in fact, it is a major cause of heart attack, stroke, and cancer. Every year, 400,000 people die from tobacco-related diseases.
(4) Smoking causes bad breath and yellows teeth. It also leaves a foul odor in the hair, clothing, and surroundings of not only the person who smokes but also everyone in close proximity to the smoker. Smoking ages the skin, too, making smokers look older than their years.
(5) Because smoking harmful in all of these respects, the best thing smokers can do for themselves and their loved ones is quit. They should try all of options available, such as nicotine patches and smoking cessation programs. Quitting is difficult thing to do, but it's worth it.
The purpose of this essay is to

A) inform readers about the differences between smokers and nonsmokers.
B) persuade readers to stop smoking.
C) explain how to quit smoking.

Question 30

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) To calm yourself when you're feeling stressed, try a simple but effective deep breathing technique. (2) First, sit up straight, and place one of your hands on your chest and the other on your abdomen. (3) Next, pull a deep breath in through your nose so that your abdomen expands and the hand on it rises. (4) The hand on your chest should not move much at all. (5) Then, as you exhale through your mouth, push out the air while you pull in your abdominal muscles. (6) The hand on your abdomen should move inward while the other hand stays still. (7) Inhale again, and repeat the process. (8) As you continue this cycle of inhaling and exhaling while your abdomen rises and falls, you will get more oxygen into your lungs and bloodstream, and you will begin to feel less tense and more relaxed.
Which of the following sentences in the paragraph does NOT contain a transitional expression that indicates time?

A) Sentence 2
B) Sentence 3
C) Sentence 4
D) Sentence 5
This topic sentence for an illustration paragraph is followed by several examples. Select the letter of the example that does NOT clearly illustrate the topic sentence.

Question 31

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) To calm yourself when you're feeling stressed, try a simple but effective deep breathing technique. (2) First, sit up straight, and place one of your hands on your chest and the other on your abdomen. (3) Next, pull a deep breath in through your nose so that your abdomen expands and the hand on it rises. (4) The hand on your chest should not move much at all. (5) Then, as you exhale through your mouth, push out the air while you pull in your abdominal muscles. (6) The hand on your abdomen should move inward while the other hand stays still. (7) Inhale again, and repeat the process. (8) As you continue this cycle of inhaling and exhaling while your abdomen rises and falls, you will get more oxygen into your lungs and bloodstream, and you will begin to feel less tense and more relaxed.
For each pair of sentences, select the letter of the sentence with more exact language.

A) I saw a good movie last night.
B) Last night, the movie Toy Story 3 made me laugh, cry, and cheer.

Question 32

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) According to a study conducted by the United Nations, Americans work much longer hours than Europeans. (2) In the United States, about 86% of men and 66% of women work more than 40 hours per week. (3) In contrast, few Europeans ever work over 40 hours per week, and full-time workers in several European counties, such as France, work as little as 30-35 hours per week. (4) The average American puts in 1,800 hours per year on the job; in some European counties, full-time workers put in as few as 1,400 hours per year. (5) Companies typically give their full-time American employees only two week's paid vacation every year whereas they give European workers 4-6 week's annual vacation leave. (6) European counties have laws that guarantee workers a minimum amount of vacation time and limit the length of the workweek to a maximum of 48 hours. (7) The United States, however, has no such laws for its workers.
What two things are being compared and/or contrasted?

A) America and Europe
B) vacation time in America and vacation time in Europe
C) working time in the U.S. and working time in Europe

Question 33

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) To calm yourself when you're feeling stressed, try a simple but effective deep breathing technique. (2) First, sit up straight, and place one of your hands on your chest and the other on your abdomen. (3) Next, pull a deep breath in through your nose so that your abdomen expands and the hand on it rises. (4) The hand on your chest should not move much at all. (5) Then, as you exhale through your mouth, push out the air while you pull in your abdominal muscles. (6) The hand on your abdomen should move inward while the other hand stays still. (7) Inhale again, and repeat the process. (8) As you continue this cycle of inhaling and exhaling while your abdomen rises and falls, you will get more oxygen into your lungs and bloodstream, and you will begin to feel less tense and more relaxed.
Sonja decided to make some drastic changes to her appearance. (1) _____ She bought new makeup, choosing brand new colors of lipstick and eyeshadow.
(2) _____ She had a plastic surgeon perform an operation to reshape her nose and her chin.
(3) _____ She went shopping and purchased a whole new wardrobe.

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 3, 1, 2
C) 2, 1, 3

Question 34

Read the essay below. For each of the questions that follow, select the letter of the correct answer.
Use the following to answer questions 1-8:
Quit Smoking Now
(1) In the United States today, an estimated 25.9 million men and 22.8 million women are smokers. Every day, about 3,000 people under the age of eighteen become smokers. Still, though, four out of every five smokers wish they could quit. For a number of reasons, every individual who smokes should try very hard to kick the habit.
(2) One obvious reason to stop smoking is to save money-quite a lot of it, as a matter of fact. The cost of a pack of cigarettes is now about $5, so a two-packs-a-day smoker will pay $304 per month and $3,650 per year to support his or her habit. This is money that could be stashed away in a savings account and spent on a home, a car, or a dream vacation. Americans often have inadequate savings accounts, and they could improve their finances by paying saved cash rather than charging the cost of purchases on credit cards.
(3) The most important reason to stop smoking, though, is to improve health. Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to suffer from colds, headaches, and insomnia. A third of smokers complain of debilitating fatigue, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory disorders. Worst of all, though, smoking causes a host of deadly diseases; in fact, it is a major cause of heart attack, stroke, and cancer. Every year, 400,000 people die from tobacco-related diseases.
(4) Smoking causes bad breath and yellows teeth. It also leaves a foul odor in the hair, clothing, and surroundings of not only the person who smokes but also everyone in close proximity to the smoker. Smoking ages the skin, too, making smokers look older than their years.
(5) Because smoking harmful in all of these respects, the best thing smokers can do for themselves and their loved ones is quit. They should try all of options available, such as nicotine patches and smoking cessation programs. Quitting is difficult thing to do, but it's worth it.
The subject of this essay is

A) reasons to quit smoking.
B) unhealthy habits.
C) tobacco-related diseases.

Question 35

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) To calm yourself when you're feeling stressed, try a simple but effective deep breathing technique. (2) First, sit up straight, and place one of your hands on your chest and the other on your abdomen. (3) Next, pull a deep breath in through your nose so that your abdomen expands and the hand on it rises. (4) The hand on your chest should not move much at all. (5) Then, as you exhale through your mouth, push out the air while you pull in your abdominal muscles. (6) The hand on your abdomen should move inward while the other hand stays still. (7) Inhale again, and repeat the process. (8) As you continue this cycle of inhaling and exhaling while your abdomen rises and falls, you will get more oxygen into your lungs and bloodstream, and you will begin to feel less tense and more relaxed.
Many drivers will avoid parallel parking, but this maneuver has only four basic steps that anyone can master. (1) _____ Back up slowly, and as soon as your right rear tire passes the left rear corner of the vehicle next to you, turn your steering wheel hard to the right and aim the center of your vehicle's rear bumper at the far back corner of your parking space.
(2) _____ Start by pulling up alongside the car you will park behind, about two feet away from that car and far enough forward to see your entire parking space in your rearview mirror.
(3) _____ Finally, turn your steering wheel to the right, and pull forward slowly until you have centered your vehicle in your parking space.
(4) _____ As soon as you see that your vehicle's right front corner will clear the left rear corner of the vehicle you'll park behind, turn your steering wheel hard to the left and continue backing up slowly, stopping when your right rear tire touches the curb.

A) 4, 3, 1, 2
B) 3, 4, 2, 1
C) 1, 2, 3, 4
D) 2,1, 4, 3

Question 36

Read the essay below. For each of the questions that follow, select the letter of the correct answer.
Use the following to answer questions 1-8:
Quit Smoking Now
(1) In the United States today, an estimated 25.9 million men and 22.8 million women are smokers. Every day, about 3,000 people under the age of eighteen become smokers. Still, though, four out of every five smokers wish they could quit. For a number of reasons, every individual who smokes should try very hard to kick the habit.
(2) One obvious reason to stop smoking is to save money-quite a lot of it, as a matter of fact. The cost of a pack of cigarettes is now about $5, so a two-packs-a-day smoker will pay $304 per month and $3,650 per year to support his or her habit. This is money that could be stashed away in a savings account and spent on a home, a car, or a dream vacation. Americans often have inadequate savings accounts, and they could improve their finances by paying saved cash rather than charging the cost of purchases on credit cards.
(3) The most important reason to stop smoking, though, is to improve health. Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to suffer from colds, headaches, and insomnia. A third of smokers complain of debilitating fatigue, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory disorders. Worst of all, though, smoking causes a host of deadly diseases; in fact, it is a major cause of heart attack, stroke, and cancer. Every year, 400,000 people die from tobacco-related diseases.
(4) Smoking causes bad breath and yellows teeth. It also leaves a foul odor in the hair, clothing, and surroundings of not only the person who smokes but also everyone in close proximity to the smoker. Smoking ages the skin, too, making smokers look older than their years.
(5) Because smoking harmful in all of these respects, the best thing smokers can do for themselves and their loved ones is quit. They should try all of options available, such as nicotine patches and smoking cessation programs. Quitting is difficult thing to do, but it's worth it.
Proofread paragraph 5 for missing words. Select the correct list of words missing from this paragraph.

A) is, to
B) is, the, a
C) an, the, to

Question 37

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) According to a study conducted by the United Nations, Americans work much longer hours than Europeans. (2) In the United States, about 86% of men and 66% of women work more than 40 hours per week. (3) In contrast, few Europeans ever work over 40 hours per week, and full-time workers in several European counties, such as France, work as little as 30-35 hours per week. (4) The average American puts in 1,800 hours per year on the job; in some European counties, full-time workers put in as few as 1,400 hours per year. (5) Companies typically give their full-time American employees only two week's paid vacation every year whereas they give European workers 4-6 week's annual vacation leave. (6) European counties have laws that guarantee workers a minimum amount of vacation time and limit the length of the workweek to a maximum of 48 hours. (7) The United States, however, has no such laws for its workers.
Does this paragraph compare, contrast, or both?

A) compares only
B) contrasts only
C) compares and contrasts

Question 38

Read the essay below. For each of the questions that follow, select the letter of the correct answer.
Use the following to answer questions 1-8:
Quit Smoking Now
(1) In the United States today, an estimated 25.9 million men and 22.8 million women are smokers. Every day, about 3,000 people under the age of eighteen become smokers. Still, though, four out of every five smokers wish they could quit. For a number of reasons, every individual who smokes should try very hard to kick the habit.
(2) One obvious reason to stop smoking is to save money-quite a lot of it, as a matter of fact. The cost of a pack of cigarettes is now about $5, so a two-packs-a-day smoker will pay $304 per month and $3,650 per year to support his or her habit. This is money that could be stashed away in a savings account and spent on a home, a car, or a dream vacation. Americans often have inadequate savings accounts, and they could improve their finances by paying saved cash rather than charging the cost of purchases on credit cards.
(3) The most important reason to stop smoking, though, is to improve health. Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to suffer from colds, headaches, and insomnia. A third of smokers complain of debilitating fatigue, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory disorders. Worst of all, though, smoking causes a host of deadly diseases; in fact, it is a major cause of heart attack, stroke, and cancer. Every year, 400,000 people die from tobacco-related diseases.
(4) Smoking causes bad breath and yellows teeth. It also leaves a foul odor in the hair, clothing, and surroundings of not only the person who smokes but also everyone in close proximity to the smoker. Smoking ages the skin, too, making smokers look older than their years.
(5) Because smoking harmful in all of these respects, the best thing smokers can do for themselves and their loved ones is quit. They should try all of options available, such as nicotine patches and smoking cessation programs. Quitting is difficult thing to do, but it's worth it.
Select the topic sentence that would best fit in the blank of paragraph 4.

A) Quitting smoking also makes people look and feel younger.
B) Another reason to quit smoking is to improve physical appearance.
C) Smokers who quit also set a good example for the young people in their lives.

Question 39

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
(1) To calm yourself when you're feeling stressed, try a simple but effective deep breathing technique. (2) First, sit up straight, and place one of your hands on your chest and the other on your abdomen. (3) Next, pull a deep breath in through your nose so that your abdomen expands and the hand on it rises. (4) The hand on your chest should not move much at all. (5) Then, as you exhale through your mouth, push out the air while you pull in your abdominal muscles. (6) The hand on your abdomen should move inward while the other hand stays still. (7) Inhale again, and repeat the process. (8) As you continue this cycle of inhaling and exhaling while your abdomen rises and falls, you will get more oxygen into your lungs and bloodstream, and you will begin to feel less tense and more relaxed.
For each pair of sentences, select the letter of the sentence with more exact language.

A) Our hearts pounded when the stray dog growled at us.
B) The animal made us feel fear.
For each pair of sentences, select the letter of the sentence with more concise language.

Question 40

Read the essay below. For each of the questions that follow, select the letter of the correct answer.
Use the following to answer questions 1-8:
Quit Smoking Now
(1) In the United States today, an estimated 25.9 million men and 22.8 million women are smokers. Every day, about 3,000 people under the age of eighteen become smokers. Still, though, four out of every five smokers wish they could quit. For a number of reasons, every individual who smokes should try very hard to kick the habit.
(2) One obvious reason to stop smoking is to save money-quite a lot of it, as a matter of fact. The cost of a pack of cigarettes is now about $5, so a two-packs-a-day smoker will pay $304 per month and $3,650 per year to support his or her habit. This is money that could be stashed away in a savings account and spent on a home, a car, or a dream vacation. Americans often have inadequate savings accounts, and they could improve their finances by paying saved cash rather than charging the cost of purchases on credit cards.
(3) The most important reason to stop smoking, though, is to improve health. Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to suffer from colds, headaches, and insomnia. A third of smokers complain of debilitating fatigue, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory disorders. Worst of all, though, smoking causes a host of deadly diseases; in fact, it is a major cause of heart attack, stroke, and cancer. Every year, 400,000 people die from tobacco-related diseases.
(4) Smoking causes bad breath and yellows teeth. It also leaves a foul odor in the hair, clothing, and surroundings of not only the person who smokes but also everyone in close proximity to the smoker. Smoking ages the skin, too, making smokers look older than their years.
(5) Because smoking harmful in all of these respects, the best thing smokers can do for themselves and their loved ones is quit. They should try all of options available, such as nicotine patches and smoking cessation programs. Quitting is difficult thing to do, but it's worth it.
Which of the sentences in paragraph 2 does not belong in that paragraph?

A) The cost of a pack of cigarettes is now about $5, so a two-packs-a-day smoker will pay $304 per month and $3,650 per year to support his or her habit.
B) This is money that could be stashed away in a savings account and spent on a home, a car, or a dream vacation.
C) Americans often have inadequate savings accounts, and they could improve their finances by paying saved cash rather than charging the cost of purchases on credit cards.

Question 41

This topic sentence for an illustration paragraph is followed by several examples. Select the letter of the example that does not clearly illustrate the topic sentence.
Many schools today allow advertisers to address a captive audience of students in several ways.

A) Some schools sell ad space for brand-name products in hallways, on the sides of school buses, or on bathroom walls.
B) Some teachers use free lessons prepared by manufacturers; the Procter & Gamble Company, for example, gives teachers an oral hygiene lesson complete with free samples of its Crest toothpaste.
C) The television sit-coms that are popular entertainment with young people bombard them with about eight minutes' worth of commercial advertisements during a thirty-minute show.
D) Math textbooks influence kids' buying behavior by mentioning products like Burger King Whoppers and Nike shoes in the problems students are given to solve.

Question 42

Select the step of the writing process that would include each of the following tasks.
Rearranging the ideas in a draft

A) prewriting
B) writing
C) rewriting

Question 43

Select the step of the writing process that would include each of the following tasks.
Correcting spelling errors

A) prewriting
B) writing
C) rewriting

Question 44

Read the paragraph and then select the letter of the correct answer for each of the questions that follow.
Use the following to answer questions :
(1) Without saying a word, people can communicate a confident attitude with different kinds of body language. (2) Lifting up the chin so that the head is held high can be one sign of confidence. (3) Maintaining direct eye contact during interactions with others is another way of indicating self-assurance. (4) Confident people also state their opinions forcefully and assertively. (5) But one thing they do not do is slouch; instead, they stand tall, with a straight spine and a chest pointing forward, not slumped forward. (6) Finally, people with confidence tend to stand with their weight distributed evenly on both legs rather than putting all of their weight on just one leg. (7) Just by positioning the head, torso, and legs in these ways makes a person feel more confident about himself or herself.
Which sentence is the topic sentence of the paragraph?

A) sentence 1
B) sentence 2
C) sentence 6

Question 45

Read the paragraph and then select the letter of the correct answer for each of the questions that follow.
Use the following to answer questions :
(1) Without saying a word, people can communicate a confident attitude with different kinds of body language. (2) Lifting up the chin so that the head is held high can be one sign of confidence. (3) Maintaining direct eye contact during interactions with others is another way of indicating self-assurance. (4) Confident people also state their opinions forcefully and assertively. (5) But one thing they do not do is slouch; instead, they stand tall, with a straight spine and a chest pointing forward, not slumped forward. (6) Finally, people with confidence tend to stand with their weight distributed evenly on both legs rather than putting all of their weight on just one leg. (7) Just by positioning the head, torso, and legs in these ways makes a person feel more confident about himself or herself.
_______________________________________________________. The scent of lavender has a calming effect, slowing down the heart rate and encouraging shoppers to linger in the store, increasing the chance that they'll buy products. The smell of vanilla, too, puts customers at ease and helps them feel more relaxed. The spicy scent of cinnamon, too, makes people feel good because they tend to associate it with happy memories, and happier people are much more likely to spend money. Citrus scents make shoppers feel happy and open-minded, improving their mood and making them more likely to purchase. Not surprisingly, many retail stores now go so far as to spray the air with specific scents to help boost sales.

A) This paragraph will be about the different scents that are used in stores.
B) Different scents affect people in different ways.
C) Certain scents influence shoppers to buy more.

Question 46

Read the essay below. Then, select the letter of the correct answer for each of the questions that follow.
An Old Skill for a New Technological World
(1) People who will have to work with computers, either at school or on the job, will have to do a lot of typing on a computer keyboard. (2) They can try to use their two index fingers to peck out the characters they need to form words and sentences, or they can take the time to learn how to touch-type, which involves memorizing the positions of all of the keys and then using each of the ten fingers to press various keys without looking at them. (3) The second method is certainly the more preferable of the two options. (4) Learning to touch-type is a valuable skill for several reasons.
(5) The ability to touch-type will, most importantly, save a lot of time. (6) Hunting for and tapping out letters using only two fingers is clumsy, frustrating, and slow. (7) Touch-typing, however, allows a computer user to type many times faster. (8) With practice, as the skill becomes more automatic, the typist's fingers fly over the keys, generating documents and messages much more efficiently.
(9) Learning to touch-type also prevents distractions that interrupt the flow of thought required during writing. (10) People who do not know how to touch-type must use a portion of their attention to search for the right keys. (11) For touch-typists, however, typing is an automatic skill that requires no conscious thought, so they are free to concentrate on expressing their ideas.
(12) Finally, acquiring touch-typing skill will reduce strain on the hands, fingers, arms, eyes, and neck. (13) While the two-fingered approach to typing requires that hands stay lifted up in the air so that all keys will remain visible, touch-typing allows the computer user to rest his or her arms and hands on the desk or machine and make use of smaller, more efficient finger movements. (14) Therefore, the hands, fingers, and arms do not get tired as easily. (15) The eyes of touch-typists do not have to move constantly back and forth from the keyboard to the computer screen; they can stay focused on the screen. (16) Because the head does not need to bend forward to see the keys, strain on the neck and upper back is lessened or eliminated.
(17) For all of these reasons, computer-users should invest a little time, effort, and money into completing a touch-typing course. (18) After a few months of practice, they will be glad that they learned a skill that will benefit them the rest of their lives.
Lula has been driving all night.

A) has been driving, all night
B) Lula, has been driving
C) Lula, driving

Question 47

For each of the following sets of subject, audience, and purpose, select the appropriate answer for the blank.
Subject: steps to follow to obtain a passport for international travel Audience: _____________________________________
Purpose: to explain the procedure for obtaining a passport

A) people who plan to travel outside the United States
B) people who do not plan to travel outside the United States
C) people who have a passport

Question 48

Read the essay below. Then, select the letter of the correct answer for each of the questions that follow.
An Old Skill for a New Technological World
(1) People who will have to work with computers, either at school or on the job, will have to do a lot of typing on a computer keyboard. (2) They can try to use their two index fingers to peck out the characters they need to form words and sentences, or they can take the time to learn how to touch-type, which involves memorizing the positions of all of the keys and then using each of the ten fingers to press various keys without looking at them. (3) The second method is certainly the more preferable of the two options. (4) Learning to touch-type is a valuable skill for several reasons.
(5) The ability to touch-type will, most importantly, save a lot of time. (6) Hunting for and tapping out letters using only two fingers is clumsy, frustrating, and slow. (7) Touch-typing, however, allows a computer user to type many times faster. (8) With practice, as the skill becomes more automatic, the typist's fingers fly over the keys, generating documents and messages much more efficiently.
(9) Learning to touch-type also prevents distractions that interrupt the flow of thought required during writing. (10) People who do not know how to touch-type must use a portion of their attention to search for the right keys. (11) For touch-typists, however, typing is an automatic skill that requires no conscious thought, so they are free to concentrate on expressing their ideas.
(12) Finally, acquiring touch-typing skill will reduce strain on the hands, fingers, arms, eyes, and neck. (13) While the two-fingered approach to typing requires that hands stay lifted up in the air so that all keys will remain visible, touch-typing allows the computer user to rest his or her arms and hands on the desk or machine and make use of smaller, more efficient finger movements. (14) Therefore, the hands, fingers, and arms do not get tired as easily. (15) The eyes of touch-typists do not have to move constantly back and forth from the keyboard to the computer screen; they can stay focused on the screen. (16) Because the head does not need to bend forward to see the keys, strain on the neck and upper back is lessened or eliminated.
(17) For all of these reasons, computer-users should invest a little time, effort, and money into completing a touch-typing course. (18) After a few months of practice, they will be glad that they learned a skill that will benefit them the rest of their lives.
Which of the following sentences is the topic sentence of the first body paragraph?

A) sentence 1
B) sentence 4
C) sentence 5

Question 49

Read the paragraph and then select the letter of the correct answer for each of the questions that follow.
Use the following to answer questions :
(1) Without saying a word, people can communicate a confident attitude with different kinds of body language. (2) Lifting up the chin so that the head is held high can be one sign of confidence. (3) Maintaining direct eye contact during interactions with others is another way of indicating self-assurance. (4) Confident people also state their opinions forcefully and assertively. (5) But one thing they do not do is slouch; instead, they stand tall, with a straight spine and a chest pointing forward, not slumped forward. (6) Finally, people with confidence tend to stand with their weight distributed evenly on both legs rather than putting all of their weight on just one leg. (7) Just by positioning the head, torso, and legs in these ways makes a person feel more confident about himself or herself.
Which sentence does not belong in this paragraph?

A) sentence 3
B) sentence 4
C) sentence 7
Study the body of the following paragraph. Then select the letter of the most accurate topic sentence for the blank.

Question 50

Read the essay below. Then, select the letter of the correct answer for each of the questions that follow.
An Old Skill for a New Technological World
(1) People who will have to work with computers, either at school or on the job, will have to do a lot of typing on a computer keyboard. (2) They can try to use their two index fingers to peck out the characters they need to form words and sentences, or they can take the time to learn how to touch-type, which involves memorizing the positions of all of the keys and then using each of the ten fingers to press various keys without looking at them. (3) The second method is certainly the more preferable of the two options. (4) Learning to touch-type is a valuable skill for several reasons.
(5) The ability to touch-type will, most importantly, save a lot of time. (6) Hunting for and tapping out letters using only two fingers is clumsy, frustrating, and slow. (7) Touch-typing, however, allows a computer user to type many times faster. (8) With practice, as the skill becomes more automatic, the typist's fingers fly over the keys, generating documents and messages much more efficiently.
(9) Learning to touch-type also prevents distractions that interrupt the flow of thought required during writing. (10) People who do not know how to touch-type must use a portion of their attention to search for the right keys. (11) For touch-typists, however, typing is an automatic skill that requires no conscious thought, so they are free to concentrate on expressing their ideas.
(12) Finally, acquiring touch-typing skill will reduce strain on the hands, fingers, arms, eyes, and neck. (13) While the two-fingered approach to typing requires that hands stay lifted up in the air so that all keys will remain visible, touch-typing allows the computer user to rest his or her arms and hands on the desk or machine and make use of smaller, more efficient finger movements. (14) Therefore, the hands, fingers, and arms do not get tired as easily. (15) The eyes of touch-typists do not have to move constantly back and forth from the keyboard to the computer screen; they can stay focused on the screen. (16) Because the head does not need to bend forward to see the keys, strain on the neck and upper back is lessened or eliminated.
(17) For all of these reasons, computer-users should invest a little time, effort, and money into completing a touch-typing course. (18) After a few months of practice, they will be glad that they learned a skill that will benefit them the rest of their lives.
Which of the following sentences is the topic sentence of the last body paragraph?

A) sentence 9
B) sentence 12
C) sentence 17

Question 51

Read the essay below. Then, select the letter of the correct answer for each of the questions that follow.
An Old Skill for a New Technological World
(1) People who will have to work with computers, either at school or on the job, will have to do a lot of typing on a computer keyboard. (2) They can try to use their two index fingers to peck out the characters they need to form words and sentences, or they can take the time to learn how to touch-type, which involves memorizing the positions of all of the keys and then using each of the ten fingers to press various keys without looking at them. (3) The second method is certainly the more preferable of the two options. (4) Learning to touch-type is a valuable skill for several reasons.
(5) The ability to touch-type will, most importantly, save a lot of time. (6) Hunting for and tapping out letters using only two fingers is clumsy, frustrating, and slow. (7) Touch-typing, however, allows a computer user to type many times faster. (8) With practice, as the skill becomes more automatic, the typist's fingers fly over the keys, generating documents and messages much more efficiently.
(9) Learning to touch-type also prevents distractions that interrupt the flow of thought required during writing. (10) People who do not know how to touch-type must use a portion of their attention to search for the right keys. (11) For touch-typists, however, typing is an automatic skill that requires no conscious thought, so they are free to concentrate on expressing their ideas.
(12) Finally, acquiring touch-typing skill will reduce strain on the hands, fingers, arms, eyes, and neck. (13) While the two-fingered approach to typing requires that hands stay lifted up in the air so that all keys will remain visible, touch-typing allows the computer user to rest his or her arms and hands on the desk or machine and make use of smaller, more efficient finger movements. (14) Therefore, the hands, fingers, and arms do not get tired as easily. (15) The eyes of touch-typists do not have to move constantly back and forth from the keyboard to the computer screen; they can stay focused on the screen. (16) Because the head does not need to bend forward to see the keys, strain on the neck and upper back is lessened or eliminated.
(17) For all of these reasons, computer-users should invest a little time, effort, and money into completing a touch-typing course. (18) After a few months of practice, they will be glad that they learned a skill that will benefit them the rest of their lives.
Which of the following sentences states the essay's thesis?

A) sentence 1
B) sentence 4
C) sentence 5

Question 52

Read the paragraph and then select the letter of the correct answer for each of the questions that follow.
Use the following to answer questions :
(1) Without saying a word, people can communicate a confident attitude with different kinds of body language. (2) Lifting up the chin so that the head is held high can be one sign of confidence. (3) Maintaining direct eye contact during interactions with others is another way of indicating self-assurance. (4) Confident people also state their opinions forcefully and assertively. (5) But one thing they do not do is slouch; instead, they stand tall, with a straight spine and a chest pointing forward, not slumped forward. (6) Finally, people with confidence tend to stand with their weight distributed evenly on both legs rather than putting all of their weight on just one leg. (7) Just by positioning the head, torso, and legs in these ways makes a person feel more confident about himself or herself.
What kind of order is used to organize the details in this paragraph?

A) time order
B) space order
C) order of importance

Question 53

For the following question, select the letter of the correct answer.

The prewriting above is an example of what technique?

A) freewriting
B) brainstorming
C) clustering

Question 54

Select the step of the writing process that would include each of the following tasks.
Freely jotting ideas on paper or computer

A) prewriting
B) writing
C) rewriting

Question 55

Select the step of the writing process that would include each of the following tasks.
Arranging ideas in an outline

A) prewriting
B) writing
C) rewriting

Question 56

For each of the following sets of subject, audience, and purpose, select the appropriate answer for the blank.
Subject: ______________________________________ Audience: a teacher
Purpose: to convince the reader to extend the due date for an assignment

A) questions about the assignment
B) steps to follow to complete the assignment
C) reasons why the due date for an assignment should be extended

Question 57

Read the essay below. Then, select the letter of the correct answer for each of the questions that follow.
An Old Skill for a New Technological World
(1) People who will have to work with computers, either at school or on the job, will have to do a lot of typing on a computer keyboard. (2) They can try to use their two index fingers to peck out the characters they need to form words and sentences, or they can take the time to learn how to touch-type, which involves memorizing the positions of all of the keys and then using each of the ten fingers to press various keys without looking at them. (3) The second method is certainly the more preferable of the two options. (4) Learning to touch-type is a valuable skill for several reasons.
(5) The ability to touch-type will, most importantly, save a lot of time. (6) Hunting for and tapping out letters using only two fingers is clumsy, frustrating, and slow. (7) Touch-typing, however, allows a computer user to type many times faster. (8) With practice, as the skill becomes more automatic, the typist's fingers fly over the keys, generating documents and messages much more efficiently.
(9) Learning to touch-type also prevents distractions that interrupt the flow of thought required during writing. (10) People who do not know how to touch-type must use a portion of their attention to search for the right keys. (11) For touch-typists, however, typing is an automatic skill that requires no conscious thought, so they are free to concentrate on expressing their ideas.
(12) Finally, acquiring touch-typing skill will reduce strain on the hands, fingers, arms, eyes, and neck. (13) While the two-fingered approach to typing requires that hands stay lifted up in the air so that all keys will remain visible, touch-typing allows the computer user to rest his or her arms and hands on the desk or machine and make use of smaller, more efficient finger movements. (14) Therefore, the hands, fingers, and arms do not get tired as easily. (15) The eyes of touch-typists do not have to move constantly back and forth from the keyboard to the computer screen; they can stay focused on the screen. (16) Because the head does not need to bend forward to see the keys, strain on the neck and upper back is lessened or eliminated.
(17) For all of these reasons, computer-users should invest a little time, effort, and money into completing a touch-typing course. (18) After a few months of practice, they will be glad that they learned a skill that will benefit them the rest of their lives.
Our quartet rehearses on Saturdays.

A) quartet, rehearses
B) quartet, Saturdays
C) our, rehearses

Question 58

Read the essay below. Then, select the letter of the correct answer for each of the questions that follow.
An Old Skill for a New Technological World
(1) People who will have to work with computers, either at school or on the job, will have to do a lot of typing on a computer keyboard. (2) They can try to use their two index fingers to peck out the characters they need to form words and sentences, or they can take the time to learn how to touch-type, which involves memorizing the positions of all of the keys and then using each of the ten fingers to press various keys without looking at them. (3) The second method is certainly the more preferable of the two options. (4) Learning to touch-type is a valuable skill for several reasons.
(5) The ability to touch-type will, most importantly, save a lot of time. (6) Hunting for and tapping out letters using only two fingers is clumsy, frustrating, and slow. (7) Touch-typing, however, allows a computer user to type many times faster. (8) With practice, as the skill becomes more automatic, the typist's fingers fly over the keys, generating documents and messages much more efficiently.
(9) Learning to touch-type also prevents distractions that interrupt the flow of thought required during writing. (10) People who do not know how to touch-type must use a portion of their attention to search for the right keys. (11) For touch-typists, however, typing is an automatic skill that requires no conscious thought, so they are free to concentrate on expressing their ideas.
(12) Finally, acquiring touch-typing skill will reduce strain on the hands, fingers, arms, eyes, and neck. (13) While the two-fingered approach to typing requires that hands stay lifted up in the air so that all keys will remain visible, touch-typing allows the computer user to rest his or her arms and hands on the desk or machine and make use of smaller, more efficient finger movements. (14) Therefore, the hands, fingers, and arms do not get tired as easily. (15) The eyes of touch-typists do not have to move constantly back and forth from the keyboard to the computer screen; they can stay focused on the screen. (16) Because the head does not need to bend forward to see the keys, strain on the neck and upper back is lessened or eliminated.
(17) For all of these reasons, computer-users should invest a little time, effort, and money into completing a touch-typing course. (18) After a few months of practice, they will be glad that they learned a skill that will benefit them the rest of their lives.
We found the answer.

A) found, answer
B) we, found
C) we, answer

Question 59

Read the essay below. For each of the questions that follow, select the letter of the correct answer.
Use the following to answer questions 1-8:
Quit Smoking Now
(1) In the United States today, an estimated 25.9 million men and 22.8 million women are smokers. Every day, about 3,000 people under the age of eighteen become smokers. Still, though, four out of every five smokers wish they could quit. For a number of reasons, every individual who smokes should try very hard to kick the habit.
(2) One obvious reason to stop smoking is to save money-quite a lot of it, as a matter of fact. The cost of a pack of cigarettes is now about $5, so a two-packs-a-day smoker will pay $304 per month and $3,650 per year to support his or her habit. This is money that could be stashed away in a savings account and spent on a home, a car, or a dream vacation. Americans often have inadequate savings accounts, and they could improve their finances by paying saved cash rather than charging the cost of purchases on credit cards.
(3) The most important reason to stop smoking, though, is to improve health. Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to suffer from colds, headaches, and insomnia. A third of smokers complain of debilitating fatigue, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory disorders. Worst of all, though, smoking causes a host of deadly diseases; in fact, it is a major cause of heart attack, stroke, and cancer. Every year, 400,000 people die from tobacco-related diseases.
(4) Smoking causes bad breath and yellows teeth. It also leaves a foul odor in the hair, clothing, and surroundings of not only the person who smokes but also everyone in close proximity to the smoker. Smoking ages the skin, too, making smokers look older than their years.
(5) Because smoking harmful in all of these respects, the best thing smokers can do for themselves and their loved ones is quit. They should try all of options available, such as nicotine patches and smoking cessation programs. Quitting is difficult thing to do, but it's worth it.
Which of these paragraphs is out of order?

A) paragraph 2
B) paragraph 3
C) paragraph 4

Question 60

For each of the following sets of subject, audience, and purpose, select the appropriate answer for the blank.
Subject: reasons to donate money to the Red Cross Audience: people who have not donated any money
Purpose: _____________________________________

A) to inform people about the history of the Red Cross
B) to persuade people to donate money to the Red Cross
C) to explain how to donate money to the Red Cross

Question 61

A blank space appears where the verb should be. Select the letter of the correct past tense verb.
I ________ home when I was fifteen.

A) lefted
B) leaved
C) left

Question 62

Select the letter of the sentence with the correct verb form.
_____

A) My sister Mia always believed that she can be a star.
B) My sister Mia always believed that she could be a star.

Question 63

Select the letter of the coordinating conjunction that best expresses the relationship between the two ideas.
I called the box office, _______ all the tickets had been sold.

A) for
B) but
C) so

Question 64

Each group contains two fragments and one complete sentence. Select the letter of the one complete sentence.
_____

A) Learning to program computers.
B) While he plays the harmonica.
C) They left.

Question 65

A blank space appears where the verb should be. Select the letter of the correct past tense verb.
Coins ________ pouring out of this vending machine yesterday.

A) keep
B) kept
C) keeped

Question 66

A blank space appears where the verb should be. Select the letter of the correct past tense verb.
The judge _________ her decision an hour ago.

A) made
B) make
C) maded

Question 67

A blank space appears where the verb should be. Select the letter of the correct helping verb and past participle form.
Mary ______ a dozen jazz albums with her.

A) have brought
B) has brought
C) has brung

Question 68

Select the letter of the sentence with the correct verb form.
_____

A) The technicians didn't want any assistance.
B) The technicians didn't want no assistance.

Question 69

Select the letter of the sentence with the correct verb form.
_____

A) When she saw the traffic, she knew she will be late.
B) When she saw the traffic, she knew she would be late.

Question 70

Each group contains two fragments and one complete sentence. Select the letter of the one complete sentence.
_____

A) They love to watch old movies on television.
B) The house with two porches.
C) Because Mr. Jackson wears a white shirt.

Question 71

Select the letter of the sentence with the correct verb form.
_____

A) Katie Perry is singing on cable television.
B) Katie Perry singing on cable television.
C) Katie Perry is sing on television.

Question 72

A blank space appears where the verb should be. Select the letter of the verb that agrees with the subject of the sentence.
One of the reporters _____ sitting in the front row.

A) is
B) are

Question 73

Select the letter of the coordinating conjunction that best expresses the relationship between the two ideas.
Manuel will take a job in Maine, _____ he will continue working in Virginia.

A) or
B) for
C) so

Question 74

Select the letter of the sentence with the correct verb form.
_____

A) We telling scary stories when the lights went out.
B) We were telling scary stories when the lights went out.
C) We were tell scary stories when the lights went out.

Question 75

Select the letter of the sentence with the correct verb form.
_____

A) Right now, I was wash my hair.
B) Right now, I am washing my hair.
C) Right now, I washing my hair.

Question 76

A blank space appears where the verb should be. Select the letter of the verb that agrees with the subject of the sentence.
She always _______ in the underground garage.

A) parks
B) park

Question 77

Each group contains two fragments and one complete sentence. Select the letter of the one complete sentence.
_____

A) A first lady who has her own career.
B) She will know who I am.
C) To see that movie twice already.

Question 78

A blank space appears where the verb should be. Select the letter of the verb that agrees with the subject of the sentence.
The cantaloupes _________ ripe.

A) looks
B) look

Question 79

A blank space appears where the verb should be. Select the letter of the correct helping verb and past participle form.
Mel _____ us a fair price for the land.

A) have offered
B) has offered
C) has offer

Question 80

A blank space appears where the verb should be. Select the letter of the correct helping verb and past participle form.
You certainly _____ a hard bargain.

A) have drove
B) has driven
C) have driven