Deck 15: War and Global Insecurity

Question 1

The __________ tend to fill the most dangerous military roles.

A)courageous
B)dull
C)poor
D)macho
E)sons of the dominant group

Answer 1

C

Question 2

__________ refers to justification for going to war.

A)Jus in bello
B)Jus ad bellum
C)Ex post facto
D)Miranda tempia
E)None of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The Natural Resource Defense Council reported that the 192 missile warheads on one U.S.Trident submarine could cause more that __________ million casualties if programmed to hit major urban areas of a nation.

A)40
B)50
C)70
D)160
E)400

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In 2004,the Supreme Court __________ the U.S.government's attempts to detain an American citizen indefinitely without trial.

A)supported
B)rejected
C)compromised
D)waffled in reference to
E)None of the above

Question 5

According to the text,since 9/11 which form of violence has become one of the most dangerous threats to world order?

A)terrorism
B)child and spouse abuse
C)murder
D)forcible rape
E)mass murder

Question 6

The capacity for waging war and the global ambitions of nation states have increased.Some,therefore,have referred to this century as the __________.

A)Era of World War
B)Century of Global Conflict
C)Time of World-wide War
D)Peaceless Era
E)Century of Total War

Question 7

In World War I,more than __________ military personnel and civilians died;in World War II,__________ were killed.

A)1 million;3 million
B)5 million;27 million
C)9 million;52 million
D)20 million;343 million
E)57 million;1 billion

Question 8

The indirect effects of war include which of the following?

A)mass migrations that resettle civilians
B)how people think about their country
C)economic costs to rebuild
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 9

Victims of terrorist acts can be divided into two categories,which are __________.

A)intended victims and those who are uninjured
B)random victims and individuals singled out because of their prominence
C)foreign nationals and domestic dissidents
D)ideologues and pragmatists
E)communists and socialists

Question 10

The text points out that in addition to its origins in political radicalism,terrorism may spring from various kinds of __________ that have much in common despite differing ideologies.

A)sects
B)cults
C)subcultures
D)alternative religions
E)wannabe groups

Question 11

One study of Vietnam War veterans found that _________ percent of all men exposed to heavy combat during the war displayed PTSD for an average of ten years after their tour of duty.

A)12
B)23
C)36
D)65
E)82

Question 12

Which of the following political leaders best exemplify state terrorism?

A)Bill Clinton and Margaret Thatcher
B)Anastasio Somoza and Fulgencio Batista
C)Adolf Hitler and Josef Stalin
D)Genghis Khan and Napoleon Bonaparte
E)F.D.Roosevelt and Winston Churchill

Question 13

The most common form of terrorism is __________.

A)narcoterrorism
B)state terrorism
C)Middle Eastern terrorism
D)revolutionary
E)None of the above

Question 14

The psychological impact of the Vietnam War may have differed from that of earlier American wars because __________.

A)earlier wars killed more people
B)the Vietnam War was lost
C)the Vietnam War was a guerrilla war where combatants and civilians were often indistinguishable
D)the Vietnam War was recent
E)the Vietnam War was fought to stop communism

Question 15

The Bush administration claims that in combating terrorism,rules of conventional warfare __________.

A)do not apply
B)must be strictly enforced
C)are important,but may have to be compromised
D)are unreasonable
E)None of the above

Question 16

__________ refers to justifiable acts in wartime.

A)Jus ad bellum
B)Ex post facto
C)Jus in bello
D)Habeas corpus law
E)None of the above

Question 17

According to the text,for those who have experienced its tragic devastation,the most serious social problem is __________.

A)war
B)pollution
C)the urban crisis
D)crime
E)corporate power

Question 18

After their involvement in combat,military personnel may experience depression,nightmares,and war-related flashbacks.This is referred to as __________.

A)war psychosis
B)post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
C)combat reaction syndrome
D)battle-related mentality dysfunction
E)home front flashback problem

Question 19

Nations whose governments refuse to adhere to the rule of law either on the domestic or international stage,and routinely threaten their own citizens and those of other nations with violence and terror are known as ________ states.

A)demoniac
B)hebephrenic
C)unstable
D)rogue
E)miscreant

Question 20

The atomic bomb that the United States dropped on Hiroshima on August 6,1945,had,within three months,killed __________ people.

A)38
B)85,000
C)130,000
D)384,000
E)800,000

Question 21

During the 1950s,in his book,The Power Elite,C.Wright Mills described the modern nation as having policy set by a small circle of people in top positions within major social institutions.Which members of the power elite are the weaker partners in this circle?

A)media stars
B)military leaders
C)corporate or business leaders
D)church leaders
E)political leaders

Question 22

A key function of the United Nations is to __________.

A)set prices on the international markets
B)distribute aid to the poor
C)settle disputes between or among nations
D)set military budgets
E)keep track of the number and location of nuclear weapons

Question 23

Why is the village of My Lai significant in the history of American involvement in war?

A)The peace treaty between Japan and the United States was signed there in 1945.
B)American troops massacred Vietnamese civilians there.
C)French troops were defeated there in Indochina,opening the door to their withdrawal and U.S.entry into southeast Asia.
D)The Japanese overran MacArthur there during World War II.
E)It is the island from which the bomber Enola Gay took off on its flight to drop the bomb on Hiroshima.

Question 24

Humans fight wars because defense of a territory is the result of instinctual aggression.This reflects the view of __________.

A)Carl von Clausewitz
B)Nikolai Lenin
C)Konrad Lorenz
D)Harold Lasswell
E)Karl Marx

Question 25

Which of the following reflects a war crime?

A)appropriation or destruction of privileged buildings
B)breach of parole
C)poisoning of streams or wells
D)unjustified destruction of enemy prizes
E)All of the above

Question 26

__________ is the only nation to have used nuclear bombs in war.

A)Japan
B)The Soviet Union
C)The United States
D)Germany
E)China

Question 27

Existing research points to one basic problem facing the United Nations and the world's nations as they consider intervention in potential disasters.The problem is that the United Nations __________.

A)is an ineffective political body
B)has too few member nations
C)lacks the confidence of member nations
D)has too many member nations
E)None of the above

Question 28

Most critics of ethological and sociobiological theories conclude that human beings' participation in war is due to __________.

A)a basic human instinct or aggression toward others
B)political bungling
C)technology,which demands violence
D)the weaknesses of international law
E)learned responses

Question 29

The League of Nations and the United Nations are both examples of __________.

A)organizations of common markets
B)international police agencies
C)agencies of the West designed to promote capitalism
D)international agencies founded to aid poor nations
E)international agencies founded to promote cooperation among nations

Question 30

The United States and other nations are often drawn into global conflicts in the role of peacekeepers.Recent research indicates that this type of third-party intervention is ____.

A)disastrous
B)largely unsuccessful
C)neither successful nor unsuccessful
D)moderately successful
E)very successful

Question 31

When we study the effects of international trade,we find that trading partners are usually __________ partners.

A)equal
B)capitalist
C)religious
D)political
E)happy

Question 32

Seymour Melman believes which of the following groups to be most important in decisions that commit a nation to war?

A)the general public
B)corporate leaders
C)managers at the top of the federal government
D)generals and admirals
E)labor union officials

Question 33

During the early years of World War II,Harold Lasswell predicted the rise of nation-states where military leaders' dictatorial power would enable them to divert national resources into weapons production and to win public support by means of propaganda.Lasswell referred to these bodies as __________ states.

A)warfare
B)naturalistic
C)garrison
D)military
E)elitist

Question 34

Which of the following does NOT reflect a war crime?

A)needless shelling of enemy positions
B)grave breaches of Article 50 of the Geneva Convention
C)assassination and the hiring of assassins
D)violation of surrender terms
E)All of the above are war crimes.

Question 35

__________ refers to the identification of citizens with the celebration of their nation's interests and the elevation of these interests above those of other countries.

A)Nationality
B)Nationalism
C)Culturalism
D)Communism
E)Culturology

Question 36

International law sets limits on the conduct of war.Limits set on acts regarded as justifiable in war are referred to as __________.

A)de facto combat
B)habeas corpus law
C)jus ad bellum
D)de jure contract
E)jus in bello

Question 37

War is an alternative to diplomacy and is engaged in to gain land,prestige,and other benefits.It will be engaged in only if political leaders judge its benefits to outweigh the costs.This reflects the view of __________.

A)Konrad Lorenz
B)Carl von Clausewitz
C)Edward O.Wilson
D)Nikolai Lenin
E)Karl Marx

Question 38

War is caused by the aggressive nature of humans.Aggressive behavior may have improved the odds of survival and become encoded in the genes of individual human beings.This is a view held by __________.

A)sociologists
B)psychologists and psychiatrists
C)anthropologists
D)ethologists and sociobiologists
E)ecologists and biologists

Question 39

The ruling classes of capitalist nations led their countries into a fierce competition for colonies in order that their national economies expand and prosper.This led to World War I.This reflects the view of __________.

A)Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
B)Konrad Lorenz
C)George Kennan
D)Edward O.Wilson
E)Carl von Clausewitz

Question 40

International trade can be seen as an important way to __________.

A)promote peace
B)end poverty
C)equalize resources
D)end war
E)win war

Question 41

What are the major forces or "actors" at work internationally that affect the possibilities for peace or war? How could these forces make peace more likely?

Question 42

Today,world trade is dominated by __________ economies such as those of Japan,Europe,and the industrialized nations of the West.

A)socialistic
B)capitalistic
C)market
D)entrepreneurship
E)None of the above

Question 43

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin,Konrad Lorenz,Karl Marx,and Carl von Clausewitz all developed theories that help to explain the causes of war.Describe each of these men's theories.Of what larger type of theory is each a part?

Question 44

Define and discuss terrorism.What forms of terrorism can be identified? How can they best be countered or controlled?

Question 45

How has technology affected the ways in which wars are waged? Provide some specific examples.

Question 46

Trace the major steps that have been made by nations and international agencies in arms
control.What more has to be done?

Question 47

Which of the following is a major flaw in the SALT arms treaties?

A)They prevented the two superpowers (U.S.A.and U.S.S.R. )from developing new weapons.
B)Existing limits were set too low,requiring rapid disarmament.
C)They did not bind any nuclear powers except the United States and the Soviet Union.
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 48

Which of the following is an absolute threat to the movement seeking disarmament and arms control in the world today?

A)As of 2010,all countries of the world have so far been able to completely ban nuclear weapons.
B)Agreements such as SALT have barred the production of new weapons such as cruise missiles by the world's superpowers.
C)The United States is still the world's leading supplier of conventional weapons,and has been accused of renewing arms races in regional hot spots.
D)Wealthier nations like Kuwait have moved to assist poorer nations like Somalia and Angola to clear their land of unexploded ammunition and buried land mines.
E)None of the above.

Question 49

Worldwide opinion polls conducted in 2007 found _________ people outside of America were favorable toward American policies.

A)over 80 percent of
B)approximately 50 percent of
C)less than 30 percent of
D)few
E)None of the above

Question 50

What are the direct and indirect effects of war? How will nuclear war differ?

Question 51

Why is domestic terrorism so frightening? Discuss the relationship between the Internet and terrorism.Give some examples.

Question 52

Why is the renewed outbreak of intense nationalism in many parts of the world the most serious force which increases the likelihood of terrorism? Give examples.

Question 53

The Department of Homeland Security's was part of the largest reorganization of the federal government,and its mission is to __________.

A)prevent terrorist attacks within the United States
B)reduce America's vulnerability to terrorism
C)minimize the damage from attacks that do occur
D)aid in the recovery from any attacks that do occur
E)All the above

Question 54

Which of the following statements about terrorism and the Internet is TRUE?

A)The Oklahoma City bombing and Heaven's Gate mass suicide cast a negative light on the Internet.
B)There is a proliferation of explicitly racist,anti-Semitic,white supremacist,and terrorist-related websites.
C)For every website that represents and potential threat,there are 10 times as many others that are benign,so censorship is not the answer.
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 55

The initials SALT stand for __________.

A)Stop All Low-level Thermonuclear Bombs
B)Set All Limits Today
C)Set A Limitation Tabulation
D)Slow Arms' Logistic Tempo
E)Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

Question 56

A major problem with the 1968 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty is that it __________.

A)did not slow the production of nuclear weapons in nations that already had them
B)wasn't ratified by the United Nations
C)wasn't ratified by the United States Senate
D)enabled the United States and the Soviet Union to keep their monopoly on nuclear weapons
E)did not provide for the legitimate actions of anti-nuclear protest groups

Question 57

In August of 1945,the first resolution passed by the United Nations was concerned with ________.

A)a way to end World War II
B)how to completely eliminate nuclear weapons
C)peace in the Middle East
D)food aid to poorer nations
E)how to stop the civil war in China

Question 58

Which of the following has NOT proven to be an effective policy in dealing with terrorists?

A)the use of boycotts
B)treating terrorists as criminals
C)depriving terrorists of media attention
D)mounting international campaigns against terrorists
E)meeting terrorist demands

Question 59

The nuclear arms reduction pact signed by the U.S.and Russia in 2010 ensured that _________.

A)within seven years,each nation will be barred from deploying no more than 1,550 strategic warheads or 700 launchers
B)an inspection regime that had lapsed was reestablished,and could be used as a foundation for deeper reductions in the future
C)the Obama administration was helped in its efforts to prevent development of a nuclear weapon in Iran
D)Russia and China agreed to put more pressure on Iran not to develop nuclear weapons,as a sign of goodwill in reciprocation for the cooperative intentions of the U.S
E)All of the above

Question 60

What are the major alternatives to the arms race? Which are more likely to be seen? Which would be more effective in bringing peace? Why?