Deck 13: Population and Immigration

Question 1

Samuel Preston conducted a study of the decline in fertility in non-European industrialized nations (such as the United States and Japan).He concluded that the critical factor in fertility decline is __________.

A)women entering the labor force
B)postponement of marriage
C)widespread use of contraception
D)abortion on demand
E)more people remaining single

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What development commonly produced the change that ushered in rapid population growth?

A)Birth control techniques became prohibited and birth rates rose.
B)Western methods in medicine and public health were adopted on a mass basis.
C)Warfare resulted in the deaths of less reproductive members of society.
D)Women left the workforce in large numbers to return to their homes.
E)The churches began to praise fertility.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Today,__________ is/are in the middle (high-growth)stage of the demographic transition.

A)North America
B)Western Europe
C)Eastern Europe
D)the Soviet Union
E)large areas of Asia,Africa,and Latin America

Answer 3

E

Question 4

In many less developed nations,a strengthening of the belief that current progress would continue to improve economic conditions occurred __________.

A)when the countries gained political independence from colonial powers
B)when the United States provided them with aid
C)before they were aware of AIDS
D)when they were left out of World War II
E)when they installed democratic governments

Question 5

The earliest stage in the three-stage process of population transformation experienced by some nations is characterized by __________.

A)the industrialized nations today
B)high birthrates and high death rates
C)low birthrates and low death rates
D)the lesser developed nations today
E)high birthrates and dropping death rates

Question 6

In 2005,the crude birthrate in the United States was __________ births per 1,000.

A)6.1
B)9.1
C)13.9
D)34.1
E)45.1

Question 7

The __________ rate refers to the average number of children born per woman throughout the childbearing years.

A)crude birth
B)adjusted birth
C)total fertility
D)fecundity
E)census-based fertility

Question 8

Heavily industrialized nations have an annual population growth rate of about __________ percent;less developed nations have a rate of approximately __________ percent.

A)0.1;3
B)4;2
C)7;14
D)10;15
E)20;50

Question 9

If the world's population continues to grow at the current rate,it will double in __________ years.

A)3
B)24
C)45
D)100
E)1,000

Question 10

Although humanity has flourished for more than 2 million years,the rapid and problematic rise in population that concerns the world today is a feature of the last __________ years.

A)2,000
B)1,000
C)500
D)300
E)50

Question 11

In some less developed nations,the people sense an improvement in living conditions and come to expect continuing improvement.According to the text,these people thus experience __________.

A)improving performance
B)rising expectations
C)progress
D)development
E)exhilaration

Question 12

Many countries have passed through a three-stage process wherein each stage has a different population growth rate.The population aspects of this process are called the __________.

A)historical transformation
B)depopulation process
C)industrial transformation
D)population cycle
E)demographic transition

Question 13

The demographic transition first occurred in __________.

A)the United States
B)southern Asia
C)Latin America
D)northwestern Europe
E)northern Africa

Question 14

The __________ refers to the number of births per 1,000 in the population.

A)crude birthrate
B)neonatal rate
C)fecundity rate
D)fertility ratio
E)population growth rate

Question 15

According to the text,the world's population in 2010 is approximately __________.

A)750 million
B)2 billion
C)6.6 billion
D)23 billion
E)138 billion

Question 16

Which of the following is characteristic of the fastest population growth stage in the three-stage population transformation some nations have experienced?

A)rising birthrates and high death rates
B)rising birthrates and dropping death rates
C)high birthrates and dropping death rates
D)increasing birthrates and stable death rates
E)rising birthrates and low death rates

Question 17

The world's population is growing because __________.

A)fertility (birth)rates are higher than in the past
B)death rates have declined
C)people have in-migrated from other places
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 18

What people want or expect in the way of material well-being is referred to as the __________.

A)level of living
B)good life
C)expected life
D)standard of living
E)None of the above

Question 19

The difference between a higher birth rate and a lower death rate is called the rate of population growth.It is also called the rate of __________.

A)expected addition
B)population addition
C)annual addition
D)natural increase
E)fecundity

Question 20

The third stage of the demographic transition is characterized by a slowing of population growth.What is the crucial factor in a nation reaching stage three?

A)industrial technology taking hold on local levels
B)the government instituting a national birth control program
C)abortions becoming available on demand
D)the nation's death rate rises
E)the nation experiences famine

Question 21

When the U.S.Congress voted to increase immigration quotas,priority was given to immigrants who were political or religious refugees or who had close relatives living in the United States.This is known as the principle of __________.

A)immigration quality
B)family unification
C)equal opportunity immigration
D)realistic quotas
E)marielitos

Question 22

Today,__________ people are hungry in a world where there is plenty to eat.

A)25 million
B)50 million
C)100 million
D)500 million
E)750 million

Question 23

By 1965,__________ percent of married women in the United States had used some method of birth control.

A)25
B)40
C)60
D)85
E)100

Question 24

Policies designed to control population growth can take any of three basic approaches.One is to reduce the size of the population;a second is to stabilize the size of the population;the third is to __________.

A)reduce the rate of growth of the population
B)increase the rate of immigration
C)increase family size
D)increase fecundity
E)reduce the doubling time

Question 25

The major cause of the acceleration in the rate of legal immigration to the United States since the 1970s has been the __________.

A)poor state of the world economy
B)depressed socioeconomic conditions in foreign countries
C)unstable political conditions in the Mideast
D)failure of foreign countries to solve the problem of homelessness
E)gradual liberalization of immigration laws

Question 26

In __________,Congress voted to increase immigration quotas,establishing totals of 170,000 per year from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120,000 from the Western Hemisphere.

A)1948
B)1958
C)1968
D)1978
E)1988

Question 27

The most significant nonwhite immigrant group during the Old Northwest European Migration period (1820-1885)was the __________.

A)Russians
B)Germans
C)Africans
D)Chinese
E)Japanese

Question 28

According to the text,__________ is/are a good indicator of the likelihood that poor and powerless populations are rapidly gaining a new perspective on their situation.

A)rising expectations
B)literacy rates
C)anomie rates
D)fertility rates
E)fecundity rates

Question 29

According to the text,the fastest-growing group of people in developing nations are also the __________.

A)most affluent
B)laziest
C)poorest (socioeconomically)
D)most prolific
E)most highly educated

Question 30

The gap in living standards between the "have" (wealthy,industrialized)and the "have-not" (poor,lesser industrialized)nations is __________.

A)imaginary
B)part of communist propaganda
C)widening
D)diminishing
E)staying the same

Question 31

New York,Los Angeles,Miami,and Chicago are the preferred destinations of ___________ of the nation's new immigrants.

A)one-quarter
B)less than one-third
C)almost one-half
D)over three-quarters
E)almost 100 percent

Question 32

Which of the statements below about the U.S.population is TRUE?

A)The U.S.population is growing at a slower rate than those of most other highly developed nations.
B)Fewer people are immigrating to the United States than are leaving it;immigrants have lower birthrates than older,native-born populations.
C)Recent decades have seen increased migration to the Sunbelt and western states;there is an increase in age and income disparities between old and new ethnic groups.
D)It is estimated that by 2050,populations of most other developed nations are likely to be increase while that of the United States decreases.
E)None of the above.

Question 33

Prior to the __________,there had been no legal limitation on immigration to the United States.

A)Immigration Act of 1921
B)Foreign Entrants Act of 1935
C)Alien Act of 1910
D)New Company Act of 1913
E)Strangers from Foreign Shores Act of 1916

Question 34

Margaret Sanger is best known for __________.

A)her contribution to pollution control
B)her contribution to birth control and family planning
C)her book,warning us against the ecological dangers of pesticides
D)her work with handicapped children
E)founding the anti-nuclear movement

Question 35

__________ leads the world in the number of immigrants entering the country.

A)The Soviet Union
B)The United States
C)China
D)Japan
E)Great Britain

Question 36

According to the text's discussion of fertility control in Brazil,__________.

A)experts on the demography of Brazil concur that there is no single explanation for the momentous decrease in the country's fertility
B)Brazil's fertility control policy is quite similar to that of China
C)Brazil's decrease in fertility is solely a consequence of economic development and greater affluence
D)the contraceptive choices made by people in Brazil are very different in comparison to people in the United States
E)None of the above

Question 37

The initials ZPG stand for __________.

A)Zapping Procreator Greediness
B)Zero Pollution (as a)Goal
C)Zapping Polluters Greatly
D)Zero Pollution (from natural)Gas
E)Zero Population Growth

Question 38

The essential basis of a family planning program is to __________.

A)propagandize for birth control
B)help families to limit the number of children they have
C)provide abortions for those families that want them
D)help families to have the number of children that they wish to have
E)control teenage pregnancy

Question 39

According to the text,in Brazil __________.

A)women bear most of the responsibility for birth control
B)abortion is illegal except in the case of rape or risk to the mother's life
C)there is a desire to limit births
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 40

All three of the basic policies designed to control population growth involve __________.

A)increasing migration
B)lowering mortality
C)reducing birth rate
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 41

Which of the following is associated with the concentration of new immigrants in a few metropolitan regions in the United States?

A)Uneven distribution adds to the costs of education and healthcare in cities where immigrants are concentrated.
B)Immigrants face intense competition and at times,direct hostility from non-immigrants and immigrants who have lived there for longer periods.
C)Children and adolescents form defensive gangs to shelter themselves from prejudice.
D)All of the above.
E)None of the above.

Question 42

What is the demographic transition? Describe the stages in the transition,giving examples of nations in each stage.What major nondemographic events accompanied the changes from one stage to the next?

Question 43

As much as 45 percent of the unauthorized immigrant population arrived legally as visitors to the United States,but became illegal immigrants when they exceed the time allocated to them.These people fall into the category of __________.

A)overstayers
B)interlopers
C)"illegals"
D)entry violators
E)evaders

Question 44

The policy of __________ places emphasis on whether those seeking to immigrate to the United States have family members already in the country.

A)border amnesty
B)family unification
C)family reconciliation
D)immigration reform
E)welfare reform

Question 45

Which of the following have created immense problems both for immigrants and those responsible for controlling the U.S.borders?

A)Increased deportation and disillusionment with the United States' economic situation.
B)Lower deportation rates and positive attitudes of non-immigrants.
C)Terrorist attacks of 9/11 and the continuing wars in the Middle East and elsewhere.
D)All of the above.
E)None of the above.

Question 46

Suppose those in control of government decide that the population growth of their nation is too rapid.What policy options do they have in limiting population growth? What are the obstacles involved?

Question 47

Provide a brief history of immigration to the United States.Be sure to mention the five "periods" of immigration,as discussed in the text.

Question 48

Which of the following states passed toughest law on illegal immigration on record in the United States?

A)Ohio
B)Hawaii
C)Utah
D)Nebraska
E)Arizona

Question 49

On the world stage,population policies are often hammered out at world congresses such as the International Conference on Population and Development,held in __________ in 1994.

A)New York City
B)Cairo
C)London
D)Nairobi
E)Helsinki

Question 50

The term __________ is defined as "a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence;has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her race,religion,nationality,membership in a particular social group or political opinion;and is unable or unwilling to avail himself/herself of the protection of that country,or to return there,for fear of persecution."

A)illegal alien
B)foreign national
C)immigrant
D)refugee
E)foreign entrant

Question 51

By the year 2035,it is estimated that __________ percent of U.S.adults will be retired and the taxes paid by employed legal immigrants becomes extremely important.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20
E)40

Question 52

Many of the lesser-developed world's people have come to have "rising expectations." How? About what? Are these expectations likely to be fulfilled? Why or why not?

Question 53

The Great Recession of 2008 has __________.

A)discouraged illegal immigrants from testing their fortunes in the U.S.job market.
B)led to a decrease in unauthorized immigration,especially as job losses hit an all-time high in 2008.
C)caused immigrant workers in landscaping and other services related to new home construction to lose their jobs.
D)caused increasing numbers of undocumented immigrants who have been working in the United States to return to their homelands.
E)led to all of the above.

Question 54

Laws passed by Congress in 1996 deny welfare benefits to legal immigrants who __________.

A)are not U.S.citizens
B)cannot write their own name
C)cannot read
D)refuse to take an Oath of Compliance
E)have a criminal record

Question 55

The text observes that since the 1970s,the rate of legal immigration to the United States has accelerated.Discuss this recent trend in immigration.What explains the trend?

Question 56

__________ refers to the tendency of immigrants to migrate to areas where kin and others from their home communities are already living.

A)Cluster kin movement
B)Chain migration
C)The principle of family unification
D)Kinship presentation
E)Immigrant transformation

Question 57

What are the basic measures used to count the world's population? What numerical values are found when these measures are applied?

Question 58

The text discusses the propensity of Korean immigrants to own small retail businesses,which often leads them to open stores in segregated minority communities where they are able to find affordable space.There,they may encounter anger and hostility from residents who feel that the Koreans are not sensitive to their needs and their local culture.Your text points out that this theme is explored in the movie,__________.

A)Green Card
B)Aliens
C)Do the Right Thing
D)Armed and Dangerous
E)New Jack City

Question 59

Under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986,undocumented aliens now qualify for permanent status,which allows them to __________.

A)obtain a "green card"
B)apply for U.S.citizenship
C)freely leave and reenter the country
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 60

In 1986,Congress passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act,which __________.

A)made employers subject to civil penalties ranging from $250 to $10,000 for each illegal alien they hire
B)offered legal status to illegal aliens who entered the country before January 1,1982,and lived here continuously after that
C)allowed qualified undocumented aliens to obtain permanent status (the "green card")
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 61

Several laws have been passed at both federal and state legislature levels to address the problem of illegal immigration.Give examples of these laws,and mention their primary effects.

Question 62

What are undocumented immigrants? Give examples.

Question 63

Discuss the impact of the recession of 2008,now referred to as the Great Recession,on illegal immigration.

Question 64

Explain the phenomenon of chain migration.Give examples to support your answer.