Deck 4: Alcohol and Other Drugs

Question 1

According to the text,one in _________ deaths of men aged 15 to 29 in Europe is due to alcohol.

A)4
B)8
C)10
D)12
E)15

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The __________ aspect of drug use refers to the degree to which a substance causes physiological,psychological,or social problems for the individual or the family,community,or entire society.

A)subjective
B)legal
C)sociological
D)pharmacological
E)objective

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Recent research on alcoholism has developed some evidence that __________.

A)the tendency to become an alcoholic may be an inherited trait
B)one can become habituated,but not addicted,to alcohol
C)the primary cause of alcoholism is moral weakness
D)one must be a problem drinker before one can become an alcoholic
E)had Prohibition continued,problems of alcohol abuse would have been far less severe

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Physical dependence and psychological dependence can be considered as separable aspects of dependence on a drug.If this distinction is made,another term for psychological dependence is __________.

A)addiction
B)drug dependence
C)habituation
D)compulsive use
E)drug use

Question 5

From a pharmacological point of view,a drug is defined as __________.
A)any chemical substance that affects physiological functions,mood,perception,or consciousness and has the potential for misuse

A)any substance,other than food,that chemically alters the structure or function of a living organism
B)any substance prescribed by a physician or manufactured expressly to relieve pain or to treat and prevent disease
C)any substance that alters physiological functioning so that pleasure is perceived
D)any substance that is prepared from synthetic components that have a chemical and not an organic basis

Question 6

According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism,by 2008,__________ percent of adults in the United States met the criteria for alcohol abuse or dependency.

A)3.65
B)5.82
C)6.9
D)7.4
E)15.8

Question 7

__________ abuse is far more prevalent and damaging to individuals and society than any other form of substance abuse.

A)Cocaine
B)Heroin
C)Amphetamine
D)Alcohol
E)Barbiturate

Question 8

In the case of __________,objectively little evidence exists that users damage themselves psychologically,physiologically,or socially,and yet subjectively,the drug is perceived as harmful and criminalized.

A)marijuana
B)cocaine
C)alcohol
D)heroin
E)tobacco (nicotine)

Question 9

__________ illustrates how the objective and subjective aspects of drug use may not coincide.

A)Cocaine
B)Heroin
C)Crack
D)Aspirin
E)Alcohol

Question 10

__________ refers to the extent to which a behavior appears in the population to any degree at all.

A)Addiction
B)Drug use
C)Habituation
D)Compulsive use
E)Prevalence

Question 11

According to the text,the term drug abuse is used to refer to __________.

A)the use of any socially approved substance
B)taking a drug for pleasure
C)the use of a drug to an extent that causes harm to the user
D)any medicinal substance that has the potential for abuse
E)taking a drug to avoid social responsibilities

Question 12

"The use of unacceptable drugs and/or the excessive or inappropriate use of acceptable drugs in ways that can lead to physical,psychological,or social harm" defines __________.

A)the legal use of drugs
B)drug use
C)social addiction
D)the degree of social harm
E)drug abuse

Question 13

When the members of society have used a habit-forming substance for many years,that substance may not be classified as a drug by that society,even if it has been proven to be harmful.Which two drugs exemplify this statement?

A)cocaine and caffeine
B)heroin and marijuana
C)alcohol and tobacco (nicotine)
D)cocaine and heroin
E)marijuana and tobacco (nicotine)

Question 14

According to your text,in reference to the consumption of drugs in the United States,we can conclude that __________.

A)most Americans abstain from the use of harmful drugs
B)addiction to the most socially disapproved drugs is common at all socioeconomic levels
C)cocaine and heroin abuse involve the most harmful drugs
D)major gains in reducing drug abuse have been made since the 1960s
E)Americans of all ages and at all socioeconomic levels consume vast quantities of chemical substances

Question 15

Sociologically,a drug denotes any habit-forming substance that __________.

A)affects physiological functions,mood,perception,or consciousness,has the potential for misuse,and may be harmful to the user or to society
B)authorities have deemed sufficiently harmful to penalize its use by criminal sanction
C)chemically alters the structure or function of a living organism
D)is prescribed by a physician or manufactured expressly to relieve pain or to treat and prevent disease
E)alters physiological functioning so that pleasure is perceived

Question 16

According to the text,which of the following illustrates the discrepancy between subjective viewpoints and objective reality with regard to drug use?

A)the prosecution of Lt.Col.Oliver North for the Iran-Contra affair
B)the question of whether George W.Bush had used cocaine as a young man
C)problems resulting from Chief Justice William Rehnquist's use of medication for a back ailment
D)programs for wider-scale drug testing proposed by former President Ronald Reagan
E)the ouster of former presidential assistant Donald Regan by former President Ronald Reagan

Question 17

Alcohol is implicated in ____________ percent of all fatal highway accidents in the United States.

A)10
B)25
C)40
D)60
E)75

Question 18

The __________ aspect of drug use refers to how people perceive the consequences of drug use,and how their perceptions result in social action with regard to drug use.

A)medical
B)subjective
C)pharmacological
D)causative
E)objective

Question 19

"Any substance that is prescribed by a physician or manufactured expressly to relieve
Pain or to treat and prevent disease" defines a drug in a __________ context.

A)sociological
B)medical
C)pharmacological
D)legal
E)social

Question 20

The average annual per capita consumption of beer by American adults is __________.

A)1 quart
B)3 gallons
C)11 gallons
D)22 gallons
E)115 gallons

Question 21

In the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Survey,"binge" drinking was defined,for males,as the consumption of _________ or more drinks in a single drinking session,and for females,as _________ or more.

A)three;four
B)five;four
C)six;four
D)eight;four
E)eight;six

Question 22

The HIGHEST consumption rate of alcoholic beverages by females is found among __________.

A)farm wives
B)factory assembly workers
C)professional and managerial workers
D)service workers
E)clerical and sales personnel

Question 23

Increases in alcoholism among women seem to be MOST related to __________.

A)the elimination of licensing requirements for liquor sales
B)their entry into the labor force in large numbers
C)the decrease in the birth rate
D)increases in the number of legal abortions
E)recent tendencies toward larger families

Question 24

In which of the following crimes is alcohol is an important factor?

A)forgery and skilled property crimes
B)homicide and sex related offences
C)All of the above
D)None of the above

Question 25

According to the text's discussion,binge drinking is a particular problem among which of the following groups?

A)professional men
B)professional women
C)college students
D)high school students
E)pregnant women

Question 26

Which of the following does NOT characterize the homeless alcoholic?

A)a desire to separate themselves from their past
B)a lack of social affiliation
C)a general attitude of laziness and indifference
D)a strong need to escape from the realities of life
E)a desire to drink,sometimes chronically

Question 27

Although rates of alcohol consumption among Americans remain generally high,there has been a marked decline in drinking behavior among __________.

A)upwardly mobile members of the middle class
B)upper-class professional and business executives
C)blue-collar football fans
D)downwardly mobile industrial workers
E)the poor

Question 28

The text points out that the spouse of the problem drinker,and often the children as well,frequently participate in a pattern of interactions designed to excuse the problematic behavior.This pattern is referred to as __________.

A)codependency
B)co-addiction
C)cohabituation
D)patterned prevalence
E)cooperative dependency

Question 29

__________ is the most widely used drug among teenage and pre-teen American youth today.

A)Cocaine
B)Tobacco (Nicotine)
C)Marijuana
D)Alcohol
E)Heroin

Question 30

Approximately __________ percent of all nonserious crimes involved drunkenness or an offense related to violations of liquor laws.

A)12.0
B)5.7
C)8.1
D)2.8
E)29.2

Question 31

Investigations of the age and sex factors related to drinking alcoholic beverages have determined that the HIGHEST rates of heavy drinking occur among __________.

A)teenage males
B)men between 21 and 30 years of age
C)women past 65 years of age
D)teenage females
E)men past 65 years of age

Question 32

Which of the following observations is NOT TRUE of alcoholic teenagers in comparison to other adolescent drinkers? Alcoholic teenagers _________.

A)drink more often
B)more likely drink in groups of friends
C)consume greater quantities of alcohol
D)more often drink purposely to get drunk
E)more frequently have severe emotional problems

Question 33

Alcohol is a factor in about __________ percent of all traffic fatalities and those resulting in serious injuries.

A)10
B)15
C)25
D)40
E)75

Question 34

About __________ percent of all alcoholics and problem drinkers are homeless vagrants who do not have jobs or families.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20
E)25

Question 35

On average,alcoholics can expect to live 10-12 years less than for nonalcoholics because __________.

A)alcohol has calories,but few vital nutrients
B)long-term consumption destroys liver cells and replaces them with scar tissue
C)alcohol consumption may contribute to cancer
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 36

Studies of socioeconomic factors in drinking alcoholic beverages show that the HIGHEST consumption levels are found among __________.

A)farmers
B)blue-collar factory workers
C)business and professional men
D)lower white-collar clerical workers
E)unskilled laborers

Question 37

In 2003,about half of all twelfth-graders and ________ percent of ninth-graders reported that they had drunk alcohol in the past month.

A)5
B)12
C)20
D)35
E)44

Question 38

Which cultural influence is associated with HIGH rates of problem drinking and alcoholism?

A)drinking alcoholic beverages in moderate amounts at meals
B)drinking outside the home and/or not at meals
C)drinking in a family setting from an early age
D)belonging to a group in which drinking habits are established by cultural custom
E)drinking frequently in social settings,but rarely to the point of drunkenness

Question 39

Investigations of the relationship between religious affiliation and drinking alcoholic beverages demonstrate all of the following EXCEPT __________.

A)more Catholics than the members of other religious groups are both drinkers and heavy drinkers
B)regular churchgoers tend to drink less than nonchurchgoers
C)Jews have a high rate of heavy and problem drinking because of their ritualistic use of alcohol
D)among regular churchgoers,the heaviest drinking is found among Episcopalians
E)among regular churchgoers,the lightest drinking is found among conservative and fundamental Protestants

Question 40

Recent decades have seen a dramatic increase in alcoholism among __________.

A)adult women
B)teenage mothers
C)pre-teen males
D)adult men
E)elderly males

Question 41

__________,often legally prescribed by physicians,can be associated with coma,psychosis,and suicidal depression when they are abused.

A)Hallucinogens
B)Barbiturates
C)Amphetamines
D)Heroin and other opiates
E)Synthetic opiates

Question 42

Definitions of what is considered an illegal drug change as culture and customs change.An example of this in your text is that __________.

A)alcohol is sometimes part of religious ceremonies
B)cocaine was once an additive to Coca-Cola
C)some chocolates contain alcoholic substances
D)rum was used by the British Navy as a disease preventative
E)marijuana has medicinal uses

Question 43

The __________ intervention,a technique for intervening in the lives of alcoholics or drug abusers,is one of many "tough love" strategies that have emerged in recent years.

A)Johnson
B)Thompson
C)Ford
D)Clinton
E)Nixon

Question 44

When the heroin user steals,the theft is due to __________.

A)the physiological and psychological effects of the substance,eliciting criminal tendencies
B)attempts to avoid withdrawal symptoms of the drug
C)subcultural pressures placed upon the heroin user by other thieves
D)the stimulation of the nervous system that results from the intake of heroin
E)the need to achieve status within one's peer group

Question 45

__________ reflect(s)a relatively new development that has demonstrated considerable effectiveness in treating problem drinkers in the workplace.

A)Alcoholics Anonymous
B)Rational Recovery
C)Employee assistance programs
D)Secular Organization for Sobriety
E)Alanon

Question 46

According to the "stepping stone" interpretation of marijuana use,__________.

A)marijuana use involves a desire to physically move while "stoned"
B)using marijuana is a step on the path to secrecy and crime
C)marijuana use brings one into contact with criminals
D)marijuana use inevitably leads to the use of hard drugs,like heroin
E)getting "stoned" is a step on the path to true consciousness

Question 47

Lloyd D.Johnston is one of the key researchers in the University of Michigan drug studies.Johnston and other drug researchers have noted that there is a/an __________ relationship between teenagers' disapproval of drugs and their use of drugs like marijuana.

A)linear
B)inverse (negative)
C)positive
D)curvilinear (intergenerational)
E)skewed

Question 48

Among the most important factors in beginning illicit drug use is __________.

A)the opportunity to use drugs through acquaintance with a user
B)psychological problems that predispose one to drug use
C)whether one has smoked tobacco
D)the enforcement policy of local law enforcement
E)one's occupation

Question 49

Which of the following seems to be the most effective way to diminish drug use?

A)severe punishments in the criminal justice system
B)exposure to a social milieu that supports nonuse
C)psychotherapy
D)drug avoidance therapies
E)urging the consumption of alternatives,like alcohol

Question 50

Recent studies show that cocaine use has become more prevalent __________.

A)than alcohol use
B)among middle- and working-class Americans
C)than marijuana use
D)than smoking tobacco
E)among the well-to-do than among working-class Americans

Question 51

A survey conducted by Denise Kandel and her associates showed that __________.

A)affluent teenage students are substantially more likely to experiment with and use illicit drugs than those from modest and poor backgrounds
B)poverty-stricken youth are much more likely to use illicit drugs in comparison with their affluent counterparts
C)working-class youths are more likely to use illicit drugs than are affluent teenage students
D)nearly 100 percent of affluent teenage students will use illicit drugs
E)None of the above

Question 52

__________ is a companion program to Alcoholics Anonymous that is designed to help young people whose lives have been affected by someone else's drinking.

A)Alanon
B)Students for Sobriety
C)Young Persons Anonymous
D)Adult Children of Alcoholics
E)Alateen

Question 53

In 2004,it was made public that talk show host Rush Limbaugh had become addicted to __________.

A)methamphetamine
B)Valium
C)Oxycontin
D)Xanax
E)Zoloft

Question 54

Which of the following best explains how drug use spreads?

A)Drug use is learned through influences coming from one's peers.
B)Drug use is spread through the use of contaminated drug paraphernalia.
C)Drug use is linked to genetic predisposition.
D)Drug use involves a sequence that starts with alcohol use,spreads through marijuana use,and inevitably ends with addiction to the "hard" drugs.
E)Those addicted recruit newcomers in order to sell them "hard" drugs.

Question 55

MDMA,or MDNA is __________.

A)methamphetamine
B)known on the street as "ecstasy"
C)often used in dance clubs that participants call "raves"
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 56

The highly addictive substance "crack" is produced from __________.

A)cocaine
B)marijuana
C)morphine
D)heroin
E)hallucinogens

Question 57

Central to the Alcoholics Anonymous program is the view of alcoholism as __________.

A)an obsession
B)a moral character deficiency
C)a crime
D)an infection
E)an allergy

Question 58

__________ is a prescription drug that sensitizes the patient in such a way that consuming even a small quantity of alcohol causes strong and uncomfortable physical symptoms.

A)Methadone
B)Cycladone
C)Zoloft
D)Antabuse
E)Reacticin

Question 59

__________ appear(s)to be the most successful large-scale program for dealing with alcoholism.

A)Alcoholics Anonymous
B)In-patient hospital programs
C)Antabuse programs
D)Individual psychotherapy
E)Outpatient drug therapy programs

Question 60

__________ is/are most frequently associated with various kinds of criminal behavior.

A)Heroin and crack
B)Amphetamines
C)Marijuana
D)Alcohol
E)Barbiturates

Question 61

__________ programs treat heroin addicts by substituting a synthetic narcotic for heroin.

A)Methadone maintenance
B)Narcotic antagonist
C)Therapeutic community
D)Naloxone substitution
E)Antabuse substitution

Question 62

Which of the following states does NOT have laws permitting the medical use of marijuana?

A)California
B)Washington
C)Michigan
D)Colorado
E)Maine

Question 63

Describe the basic differences between problem drinking and alcoholism.

Question 64

What programs have been established to treat alcoholism and problem drinking? Which have been more successful? Why?

Question 65

Which of the following statements about reforms in drug policy is FALSE?

A)Canada and the United Kingdom have made great strides in reexamining their drug laws.
B)Experience and research show that present laws on cannabis tend to criminalize large numbers of otherwise law-abiding members of ethnic minorities.
C)Evidence shows that most aspects of the War on Drugs are effective,especially the increased emphasis of law enforcement.
D)Powerful lobbies and advocates of harsh sentencing continually resist reforms that would reduce disparities in sentencing.

Question 66

Discuss the patterns of drinking among adolescents and young people in the United States over the past 30 years.What recent changes have occurred and to what can these changes be attributed?

Question 67

The 16,189 alcohol-related traffic fatalities in 1997 represent a _______ percent reduction from the 23,641 reported in 1987.

A)25.7
B)32.0
C)43.4
D)45.6
E)57.8

Question 68

__________ percent of all prison inmates have a history of substance abuse.
A)Sixty-five

A)Twenty-five
B)Thirty-five
C)Fifty-five
E)Over 80

Question 69

The text points out that as a result of the __________,drug trafficking among nations like Canada,Mexico,and the United States may be unintentionally facilitated.

A)North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
B)Troy Treaty
C)International Embargo Act (IEA)
D)North American Treaty Organization (NATO)
E)Economic Initiatives Agreement (EIA)

Question 70

__________ programs involve ex-addicts in treating addicts in group situations and urging addicts to take responsibility for their own actions.

A)Methadone Maintenance
B)Therapeutic Community
C)Moral Exhortation
D)Narcotic Antagonist
E)Psychotherapy

Question 71

In 2002,the U.S.federal government spent $__________ billion on the "War on Drugs."

A)1.2
B)5.2
C)10.2
D)14.2
E)19.2

Question 72

One of the more successful treatment programs for alcoholics is Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).What are the features of this program that make it a success? What are the major limitations of AA?

Question 73

What is a drug and why are certain drugs socially disapproved?

Question 74

According to the text's discussion of crack addiction,__________.

A)people's addiction to crack responds to very different treatment than other drugs require
B)crack is not an attractive drug to people who are depressed
C)it is important to try to remove the crack addict from the social milieu in which the drug is used
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 75

Alcohol use has become thoroughly integrated into Western culture.Describe the ways that alcohol is incorporated into social and economic life.What problems are created by alcohol abuse?

Question 76

Addiction,habituation,and psychological dependence are all terms that refer to different aspects of drug use and abuse.Describe how these terms have been used.Provide an accurate definition of each.

Question 77

One major difference between the British system of control of heroin addiction and United States policy is that Britain __________.

A)has legalized heroin
B)routinely deports their heroin addicts to Hong Kong
C)dispenses heroin in a controlled manner in government-run clinics
D)devotes a larger portion of its budget to law enforcement than does the United States
E)has no criminal element that compares to the underworld in the United States

Question 78

Social policy in the area of drug abuse takes two main forms,which are __________.

A)in-patient and outpatient treatment
B)direct and indirect methods
C)personal and societal tactics
D)control strategies and law enforcement efforts
E)primary and secondary programs

Question 79

What is the greatest obstacle to dealing with the problem of AIDS among drug users?

A)the ineffectiveness of "safe sex" programs
B)inappropriately targeted "clean needle" programs
C)reluctance of addicts to come forward for help because their activity is illegal
D)resistance to involving ex-addicts in treatment programs
E)public health workers' negative views of addicts

Question 80

__________ is an example of a successful therapeutic community approach to treating drug addiction.

A)Narcotic Antagonists
B)The Community Clinic
C)Methadone Maintenance
D)The Phoenix House
E)The U.S.Public Health Service Hospital in Fort Worth