Deck 10: Crime and Justice Ethnographic Field Research

Question 1

When a field researcher pretends to be less skilled or knowledgeable in order to learn more about a field site she or he is playing the role of __________________.

A)exchange relationships
B)acceptable incompetent
C)normalize field research
D)verstehen

Answer 1

B

Question 2

____________________ is a systematic process of gathering data through observation,participation,and interviews in order to describe,understand,and even explain a specific natural setting.

A)reflexivity
B)naturalism
C)field site
D)ethnographic field research

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Qualitative data in which a researcher attempts to capture all the details of a social setting in an extremely detailed description and convey an intimate feel for the setting and the inner lives of people in it is known as:

A)specific knowledge
B)tacit knowledge
C)Thick description
D)explicit knowledge

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The one or more natural locations where a researcher conducts field research is referred to as a:

A)Reflexivity
B)Naturalism
C)Field site
D)Ethnographic field research

Question 5

Knowledge that people are aware of and readily discuss is known as:

A)specific knowledge
B)tacit knowledge
C)thick description
D)explicit knowledge

Question 6

Qualitative data in which a researcher ignores most of the details of a social setting in and in order to convey a superficial feel for the setting and the outer lives of people in it is known as thick description.

Question 7

Field research is based on ____________,which is a notion derived from the biological sciences used to study oceans,animals,plants,forests,and so forth.

A)reflexivity
B)naturalism
C)field site
D)ethnographic field research

Question 8

People are aware of explicit knowledge and readily discuss it.

Question 9

People constantly acknowledge tacit knowledge and are explicitly aware of.

Question 10

A field researcher _____________ by getting along with members in the field.He or she forges a friendly relationship,shares the same language,and laughs and cries with members.This is a step toward obtaining an understanding of members and moving beyond understanding to empathy-that is,seeing and feeling events from another's perspective.

A)Access ladder
B)builds rapport
C)informant
D)gatekeeper

Question 11

Field researchers may be able to see and learn about only public,noncontroversial events in the beginning,but with time and effort they can gain entry to more hidden,
Intimate,and controversial information.This is referred to as an:

A)access ladder
B)builds rapport
C)informant
D)gatekeeper

Question 12

An overt field researcher must-that is,help members redefine research from something unknown and threatening to something normal and predictable.He or she can help members manage research by presenting his or her own biography,explaining field research a little at a time,appearing nonthreatening,or accepting minor deviance in the setting.

A)exchange relationships
B)acceptable incompetent
C)normalize field research
D)verstehen

Question 13

A _________ is someone with the formal or informal authority to control access to a site.It can be the thug on the corner,an administrator of a hospital,or the owner of a business.

A)access ladder
B)builds rapport
C)informant
D)gatekeeper

Question 14

The field research technique that allows the researcher to use her or his own personal reaction to his or her experience as part of the data and analysis is known as:

A)reflexivity
B)naturalism
C)field site
D)ethnographic field research

Question 15

The attitude of strangeness means we question and notice ordinary details or look at the ordinary through the eyes of a stranger.Strangeness helps us to overcome the boredom of observing ordinary details.It helps us see in a way that reveals aspects of the setting of which members are not consciously aware.

Question 16

Complete membership means that the researcher converts and goes native.As a fully committed member,the researcher experiences the same emotions as others and finds it very difficult or impossible to leave the field and return to being a researcher.

Question 17

An or key actor in field research is a member with whom a field researcher develops a relationship and who tells about,or informs on,the field.

A)access ladder
B)builds rapport
C)informant
D)gatekeeper

Question 18

A central objective of the ethnographic field research that requires a deep empathy with those being studied and their culture is known as:

A)exchange relationships
B)acceptable incompetent
C)normalize field research
D)verstehen

Question 19

____________ is form of research which describes a culture and understanding another way of life from the native point of view.

A)cartography
B)tacit knowledge
C)ethnography
D)explicit knowledge

Question 20

Knowledge that people rarely acknowledge and may not be explicitly aware of.

A)specific knowledge
B)tacit knowledge
C)thick description
D)explicit knowledge

Question 21

________are written in the field.They are short,temporary memory triggers such as words,phrases,or drawings taken inconspicuously,often scribbled on any convenient item (e.g. ,napkin,matchbook).

A)argot
B)jotted notes
C)analytic memos
D)direct observation notes

Question 22

____________ occurs when a researcher takes field results back to members,who judge their adequacy.A study is member valid if members recognize and understand the researcher's description as reflecting their intimate social world.

A)Ecological validity
B)Guilty Knowledge
C)Member validation
D)Natural history

Question 23

What are the steps in field research?

Question 24

_______________________ develop in the field,in which small tokens or favors, including deference and respect,are exchanged.A researcher may gain acceptance by helping out in small ways.

A)exchange relationships
B)acceptable incompetent
C)normalize field research
D)verstehen

Question 25

_________________is of interest not only to law enforcement officials but also to other field site members.The researcher faces a dilemma of building trust and rapport with the members,yet not becoming so involved as to violate his or her basic personal moral standards.

A)Ecological validity
B)Guilty Knowledge
C)Member validation
D)Natural history

Question 26

Notes a qualitative researcher takes while developing more abstract ideas,themes,or hypotheses from an examination of details in the data are known as:

A)argot
B)jotted notes
C)analytic memos
D)direct observation notes

Question 27

What are some of the things that fieldworkers do?

Question 28

Field research notes that attempt to include all details and specifics of what the researcher heard or saw in a field site and are written to permit multiple interpretations later are called:

A)argot
B)jotted notes
C)analytic memos
D)direct observation notes

Question 29

External consistency refers to whether the data are plausible given all that is known about a person or event,eliminating common forms of human deception.In other words,do the pieces fit together into a coherent picture?

Question 30

A focus group is a special qualitative research technique in which people are informally interviewed in a group discussion setting.

Question 31

Internal consistency is achieved by verifying or cross-checking observations with other divergent sources of data.In other words,does it all fit into the overall context?

Question 32

What are the characteristics of an ideal field informant?

Question 33

Field researchers maintain an appearance of interest in the field.An experienced researcher appears to be interested in and involved with field events by statements
and behaviors (e.g. ,facial expression,going for coffee,organizing a party,etc. )even if he or she is not truly interested.This is because field relations may be disrupted if the researcher appears to be bored or distracted.

Question 34

Incompetent outsider performance is the ability of a nonmember to interact effectively as a member or pass as one.This includes the ability to tell and understand insider jokes.A valid study gives enough of a flavor of the social life in the field and sufficient detail so that an outsider can act as a member.

Question 35

Demonstrating the authenticity and trustworthiness of a study by showing that the researcher's descriptions of the field site match those of the members and that the
Field researcher's presence was not a disturbance is referred to as:

A)Ecological validity
B)Guilty Knowledge
C)Member validation
D)Natural history

Question 36

Life history interview Open-ended interview with one person who describes his or her entire life.It can be considered a subtype of oral history.

Question 37

_____________ is a detailed description of how the project was conducted.It is a full and candid disclosure of a researcher's actions,assumptions,and procedures for others to evaluate.

A)Ecological validity
B)Guilty Knowledge
C)Member validation
D)Natural history

Question 38

The special language or terminology used by the members of a subculture or group that interacts regularly is called an:

A)argot
B)jotted notes
C)analytic memos
D)direct observation notes