Deck 2: Immunopathology, neoplasia, and Chromosome Abnormalities

Question 1

Angiogenesis is:

A) the process of developing a cancerous tumor.
B) the process of a tumor spreading to other areas of the body.
C) the process of reepithelialization of the skin after injury.
D) the process of development of a blood supply to a tumor.

Answer 1

the process of development of a blood supply to a tumor.

Question 2

Which of the following most accurately describes myelomeningocele?

A) A defect in the development of the neural arch of the spine that is not visible to the eye
B) A defect in the development of the neural arch of the spine in which the meninges protrude through the opening in the vertebra,but the spinal cord remains intact
C) A defect in the development of the neural arch of the spine in which the meninges and the spinal cord protrude through the opening in the vertebra
D) None of the above

Answer 2

A defect in the development of the neural arch of the spine in which the meninges and the spinal cord protrude through the opening in the vertebra

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a true statement concerning cerebral palsy (CP)?

A) CP is the result of damage to the infant brain before,during,or immediately after birth.
B) Causes of CP may include hypoxia in utero,brain abnormalities,mechanical trauma,and anoxia immediately after birth.
C) The risk of having a child with CP may be increased by maternal exposure to toxic substances during pregnancy.
D) Children with CP frequently experience progressively increasing problems with the brain as they grow older.

Answer 3

Children with CP frequently experience progressively increasing problems with the brain as they grow older.

Question 4

Destruction of the body's own tissues in autoimmune diseases is the result of type II hypersensitivity reactions.Which of the following conditions is NOT an autoimmune disease?

A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Hepatitis B
C) Multiple sclerosis
D) Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 5

Which of the following statements most accurately describes Down syndrome?

A) A very rare chromosome abnormality affecting only males
B) A rare chromosome abnormality resulting from a trisomy of chromosome 13
C) A more common chromosome abnormality usually resulting from a trisomy of chromosome 21
D) A rare chromosome abnormality resulting in total or partial lack of the X chromosome

Question 6

Antibiotic- and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are becoming much more common.Prescribing antimicrobial medications to young children with minor infections and patients not completing the entire prescribed course of antimicrobials are two of the reasons for this increase in occurrence of these bacteria.

Question 7

A type IV hypersensitivity reaction,also known as a cell-mediated response,is different from other types of hypersensitivity responses in that it causes a delayed rather than an immediate tissue response.

Question 8

All of the following are examples of a type I hypersensitivity reaction EXCEPT:

A) allergic rhinitis.
B) atopic dermatitis.
C) blood transfusion incompatibility.
D) bronchial asthma.

Question 9

A leiomyoma is:

A) a benign tumor of the lymph tissue.
B) a benign tumor of the smooth muscle cells.
C) a malignant tumor of the striated muscle cells.
D) a malignant tumor of the white cells in bone marrow.

Question 10

Benign and malignant tumors differ from each other in several ways.Which of the following statements is NOT typical of a malignant tumor?

A) They are usually fast-growing.
B) They have high vascularity.
C) They have a high rate of recurrence.
D) They are similar in appearance to cells of the host tissue.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a type of T lymphocyte?

A) Helper T cell
B) Macrophage
C) Suppressor T cell
D) Natural killer cell

Question 12

Some bacteria have flagella (tails used to swim)and others produce spores.The tetanus bacteria Clostridium tetani produces spores that are unable to survive very long in the environment.

Question 13

A person who exercises does not have a better chance of having a healthy immune system or fighting off infection than a person who gets no exercise.

Question 14

An antigen is a stimulus,such as an irritant or chemical,that elicits an immune response.Which of the following is applicable to the body's response to antigens?

A) Antibodies form specific to one antigen.
B) Antibodies are not specific to any one antigen.
C) Antibodies are fatty acids.
D) Antibodies do not help the body defend itself.

Question 15

Some risk factors for the development of cancer can be avoided,whereas others cannot.Which of the following is NOT considered a controllable risk factor?

A) A promiscuous lifestyle
B) A family history of a specific kind of cancer
C) Sunbathing and using ultraviolet tanning beds
D) Smoking of tobacco products

Question 16

Anaphylactic shock or anaphylaxis only occurs in children as a result of exposure to an allergen,which causes the release of histamine into the circulatory system.

Question 17

Adriamycin,bleomycin,vincristine,dacarbazine,and bevacizumab are all types of chemotherapy medications for treating malignancy.

Question 18

The mechanisms for metastasis of a malignant tumor are varied.Which of the following is NOT a true statement?

A) A malignancy that metastasizes to another area is named for the new site.
B) The area of metastasis becomes a secondary site of the tumor.
C) Metastases can occur by malignant cells traveling to another area of the body via the blood or lymphatic systems.
D) Metastases can occur through "seeding," in which cancerous cells break away from the malignant tumor and are transmitted to another area through a body cavity.

Question 19

T lymphocytes are found in the respiratory tract of people with asthma.

Question 20

Vaccinations are available against many infectious diseases.Prior to a vaccination,the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends having a blood titer to detect antibodies to the disease.