Deck 7: Neurological Disorders

Question 1

The nervous system develops within which part of the embryo?

A) Ectoderm
B) Endoderm
C) Mesoderm
D) Subthalamus

Answer 1

Ectoderm

Question 2

One of the side effects of a traumatic brain injury (TBI)is an increase in the intracranial pressure (ICP)caused by edema of the brain tissue.The signs and symptoms typical of a raised ICP include severe headache,hypertension (raised blood pressure),altered levels of consciousness,nausea or vomiting,and vision disturbances.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Guillain-Barré syndrome is an autoimmune disease triggered by previous infection or trauma,which results in muscle weakness that can affect the whole body.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Alzheimer's disease is categorized into stages.Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of the severe cognitive decline phase?

A) Forgetfulness marked by loss of familiar objects such as keys and the inability to remember the names of friends and family
B) Inability to walk without assistance; needing help with feeding and toileting
C) Inability to recall phone numbers and personal history details; confusion as to day,time,or season; difficulty with simple arithmetic
D) Inability to perform daily tasks; needing help with activities of daily living; changes in sleep-wake cycle; personality changes (which can lead to delusions); possible wandering and becoming lost

Question 5

Primitive reflexes are those reflexes present in the child or adult that are no longer a normal response to stimuli after a certain age.A primitive reflex elicited by an extension of the head,which causes increased extensor tone in the upper extremities and increased flexor tone in the lower extremities is called:

A) negative supporting reaction.
B) crossed extension reflex.
C) asymmetrical tonic neck reflex.
D) symmetrical tonic neck reflex.

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)is FALSE?

A) CSF surrounds the brain and spinal cord.
B) CSF is formed within the ventricles of the brain.
C) The total amount of CSF is renewed and replaced every week (7 days).
D) The CSF acts as a shock absorber between the soft tissue of the brain and the skull.

Question 7

Which of the following describe the motor abilities of an infant/child between 9 and 12 months of age?

A) Walks alone with wide base of support,crawls upstairs,and squats when playing
B) Changes direction when running,walks backward,and attempts to kick a ball
C) Stands supported,cruises in standing while holding onto furniture,and walks with hand held or alone
D) Rolls supine to prone,sits without support,and takes weight through feet and steps if held upright

Question 8

In response to a fall,the arms extend at the elbows and the fingers extend and abduct to protect the head.This reaction develops between 6 and 12 months of age.Which reflex/reaction does this scenario describe?

A) Landau reflex
B) Moro reflex
C) Neck-righting reflex
D) Parachute reaction

Question 9

The area of the brain associated with emotions is the:

A) basal ganglia.
B) limbic system.
C) somatic motor system.
D) vestibular system.

Question 10

People with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease)receive physical therapy interventions focused on functional mobility.The disease is progressive and not curable.

Question 11

A technique used by physical therapists that involves restricting the use of the unaffected upper extremity in people who have experienced a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)is:

A) the Alexander technique.
B) constraint-induced movement therapy.
C) the Feldenkrais method.
D) myofascial release.

Question 12

According to the Glasgow Coma Scale,a score between 9 and 12 indicates:

A) moderate head injury.
B) severe head injury.
C) no response.
D) mild head injury.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT considered a precaution or consideration for physical therapy intervention for people who have had a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

A) Check vital signs before treatment.
B) If patients are on a thickened liquid diet because of swallowing problems,do not give them water to drink.
C) Encourage patients to turn their head away from the affected side by standing on the side of the bed of the nonaffected side.
D) Keep initial treatment sessions fairly short to prevent undue patient fatigue.

Question 14

In order to activate a stimulus along a neuron and thus create an action potential,which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A) Each type of neuron has the same threshold level.
B) The initiation of the action potential is all-or-none.
C) The myelin sheath slows down the rate of transmission of the action potential.
D) The action potential loses intensity as it passes each Node of Ranvier.

Question 15

Parkinson's disease results in movement and behavior dysfunction.Which of the following areas of the brain is affected in people with this disease?

A) Basal ganglia
B) Brainstem
C) Cerebellum
D) Limbic system

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding the spinal cord is FALSE?

A) The distal end of the spinal cord ends at the level of the junction between the first and second lumbar vertebrae.
B) The white matter of the spinal cord is composed mainly of the axons of neurons.
C) The ascending tracts of the white matter are motor in nature.
D) The cross bar of the H-shaped area of gray matter is called the anterior white commissure.

Question 17

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare degenerative neurological disorder that can be treated with antimicrobial medications.

Question 18

Autism spectrum disorder encompasses a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders including Asperger's syndrome,Rett's syndrome,and classical autism.The cause of autism is unknown but is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.Children with all types of the disorder exhibit impairment of social interaction.

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding a cerebrovascular accident (CVA),also known as a brain attack,is NOT true?

A) A CVA can be precipitated by a ruptured aneurysm in a blood vessel within the brain.
B) The prognosis for people with a CVA of the brainstem is good.
C) Smoking is one of the leading causes of CVA.
D) Usually a CVA on the right side of the brain will cause weakness on the left side of the body.

Question 20

The brachial plexus consists of which of the following nerve roots?

A) C6 through T2
B) C5 through T4
C) C6 through T1
D) C5 through T1