Deck 4: Respiratory Diseases

Question 1

The accessory muscles of inhalation include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) pectoralis major and pectoralis minor.
B) rectus abdominis and quadratus lumborum.
C) serratus anterior and trapezius.
D) sternocleidomastoid and scalenes.

Answer 1

rectus abdominis and quadratus lumborum.

Question 2

One method of grading the exertion level of exercise is to use metabolic equivalent (MET).Each MET is equal to about 3.5 mL/kg of body weight per minute.Which of the following activities would fall within the 3 to 6 MET range?

A) Bicycling at 5 to 9 miles per hour on level terrain
B) Playing a game of singles tennis
C) Playing soccer or football
D) Race walking (fast pace)

Answer 2

Bicycling at 5 to 9 miles per hour on level terrain

Question 3

A condition characterized by intestinal malabsorption with foul-smelling feces,a productive cough,delayed onset of puberty,and male infertility is:

A) asthma.
B) bronchiectasis.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) pneumonia.

Answer 3

cystic fibrosis.

Question 4

Sputum coughed up from the lungs by a person can indicate various problems.Sputum that is thick,yellow,or green in color and has a bad odor may indicate:

A) cystic fibrosis,pneumonia,or bronchiectasis.
B) inhalation of smoke from cigarettes or fires or inhalation of coal dust.
C) pulmonary bacterial infection such as pseudomonas or pneumococcus.
D) pulmonary edema.

Question 5

Lung cancer kills approximately 1 million people every year throughout the world.Which of the following statements regarding lung cancer is NOT true?

A) A relationship exists between smoking and lung cancer.
B) The clinical picture commonly includes a dry,unproductive cough.
C) The person usually experiences fatigue and weight loss.
D) Physical therapy interventions will always include postural drainage with percussions.

Question 6

People with asthma may be helped with physical therapy for postural drainage positioning,chest percussions,vibrations,and shaking to assist with the removal of lung secretions.

Question 7

The surgical removal of a whole lung is called a:

A) lobectomy.
B) pneumonectomy.
C) pneumothorax.
D) thoracotomy.

Question 8

When teaching diaphragmatic breathing exercises,the PTA needs to ensure the patient understands that:

A) the abdomen raises during inhalation.
B) the abdomen lowers during inhalation.
C) the abdominal muscles are contracted.
D) the neck and shoulder muscles are contracted.

Question 9

Exhalation is an active mechanism involving the relaxation of the muscles of inhalation,such as the diaphragm and the intercostals,and the return of the ribs to their resting position.

Question 10

The postural drainage position for the posterior segments of both lower lobes of the lungs is:

A) prone,flat on bed,pillow beneath hips.
B) prone,head and thorax tilted down,pillow beneath hips.
C) supine,head and thorax tilted up,pillow beneath knees.
D) supine,head and thorax tilted down,pillow beneath knees.

Question 11

Breath sounds are detected using auscultation techniques with a stethoscope.Some of the abnormal or adventitious sounds include wheezing,rhonchi,crepitations,and crackles (rales).

Question 12

In normal lungs,the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)is usually what percentage of the vital capacity (VC)?

A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 70%
D) 80%

Question 13

The bifurcation point of the trachea lies at which level?

A) Central sternum
B) Junction of the xiphoid and the sternum
C) Level of the third rib
D) Sternal notch

Question 14

A pulse oximeter provides an estimate of the levels of oxygen saturation in hemoglobin (SaO₂).Accepted normal SaO₂ ranges for individuals with no pulmonary disease are:

A) between 80% and 85%.
B) between 86% and 90%.
C) between 91% and 95%.
D) between 96% and 100%.

Question 15

Which of the following lung capacities and volumes are measured using a spirometer?

A) Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)and vital capacity (VC)
B) Functional residual capacity (FRC)
C) Residual volume (RV)and inspiratory capacity (IC)
D) Tidal volume (TV)and expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Question 16

Several physical therapy interventions may be indicated for people after pulmonary/thoracic surgery.Which of the following actions is NOT appropriate for the PTA to perform on someone who had such a surgery within the past few days?

A) Monitor oxygen saturation levels during exercise using a pulse oximeter
B) Monitor blood pressure and pulse before,during,and after treatment interventions
C) Provide exercises of between 6 and 9 METs
D) Report any changes in patient status to the PT

Question 17

During ventilation,the muscles of inhalation enlarge the volume of the thoracic cage and the pressure in the alveoli is lowered below that of the atmospheric pressure of air,causing air to rush into the lungs from the atmosphere.

Question 18

Mycobacterium tuberculosis,which causes tuberculosis,is transmitted through casual contact and is easily passed from one person to another in generally healthy people.

Question 19

When a person stops breathing or has breathing that is too shallow to enable sufficient oxygen to perfuse in the lungs when asleep,it is called:

A) apneustic breathing.
B) hypopnea.
C) sleep apnea.
D) tachypnea.

Question 20

Chronic bronchitis is defined as:

A) a productive cough present for 1 week within 1 year.
B) a productive cough present for 1 month for 2 years in a row.
C) a productive cough present for 3 months of the year within 1 year.
D) a productive cough present for 3 months of the year for 2 or more consecutive years.