Deck 9: Intelligence and Iq Testing

Question 1

Measuring intelligence by testing is a rather new concept in the history of the world. The idea of such testing came from

A) France.
B) the United States.
C) the United Kingdom.
D) Russia.

Answer 1

France.

Question 2

The capacity to learn new ways to solve problems is called __________ intelligence.

A) aptitude
B) abstract
C) crystallized
D) fluid

Answer 2

fluid

Question 3

Alfred Binet designed the first __________ test.

A) aptitude
B) intelligence
C) achievement
D) perception

Answer 3

intelligence

Question 4

Charles Spearman believed that intelligence is composed of

A) verbal and mathematical abilities.
B) crystallized and visual-motor abilities.
C) general intelligence and specific abilities.
D) analytical, creative, and practical intelligence.

Question 5

Research has demonstrated that measures of sensory ability are not highly correlated with assessments of overall intelligence. These findings contradict Galton's and Cattell's claims about intelligence. Which principle of scientific thinking is relevant to their theory and these findings?

A) Correlation versus causation
B) Occam's razor
C) Ruling out rival hypothesis
D) Falsifiability

Question 6

The capacity to understand hypothetical concepts is called __________ thinking.

A) prospective
B) abstract
C) retrospective
D) intuitive

Question 7

According to Spearman, higher generalized intelligence corresponded to people who had

A) diverse sensory capabilities.
B) more mental energy or powerful brains.
C) both fluid and crystallized intelligence.
D) developmental disorders.

Question 8

What term is used for the hypothetical factor that accounts for differences between people in overall intellect?

A) fluid intelligence
B) crystalized intelligence
C) g or general intelligence
D) IQ or intelligence quotient

Question 9

The original purpose of the first intelligence test was to

A) identify which children were likely to do well in school.
B) identify which students could read already.
C) identify which children were likely to benefit from vocational education.
D) identify which students needed extra help in some areas.

Question 10

In non-Western countries, laypeople view intelligence as reflecting __________ more than intellectual brilliance.

A) wisdom and judgment
B) cross-domain skills
C) specific skills and abilities
D) crystallized knowledge

Question 11

According to Sir Francis Galton's 19^th century hypothesis, intelligence is

A) whatever intelligence tests measure.
B) a genetic trait that remains uninfluenced by the environment.
C) the by-product of sensory capacity.
D) an adaptive mechanism that increases reproductive potential.

Question 12

Which scholars were credited with developing the first intelligence test?

A) Galton and Cattell
B) Binet and Simon
C) Spearman and Wechsler
D) Thurstone and Horn

Question 13

The idea that intelligence varied according to g and s factors was proposed by

A) Galton.
B) Cattell.
C) Binet and Simon.
D) Spearman.

Question 14

Galton's intelligence test items are to __________ as Binet and Simon's intelligence test items are to __________.

A) abstract thinking; concrete thinking
B) general intelligence; specific intelligences
C) sensation; higher mental processes
D) crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence

Question 15

Lucy has been blind from birth and is getting her intelligence tested through the school board to determine what resources she will need to succeed in school. According to Galton's original ideas about intelligence, Lucy would be expected to

A) demonstrate normal intelligence because intelligence is crystallized.
B) have limited intelligence because her sensory capabilities are limited.
C) demonstrate high intelligence because all her senses other than vision would be more specialized.
D) display advanced abilities for abstract thinking but difficulties with concrete thought.

Question 16

Compared to Galton's 19^th century view of intelligence, how did Binet and Simon approach the measurement of intelligence?

A) They focused more on sensory abilities.
B) They focused on the capacity of short-term memory.
C) They emphasized the measurement of facts and knowledge.
D) They emphasized the measurement of reasoning and judgement.

Question 17

The cousin of Charles Darwin who was interested in the potential adaptive advantages of high intellect was

A) Alfred Binet.
B) Sir Francis Galton.
C) Henri Simon.
D) James Cattell.

Question 18

Mark is trying to reason through several spatial problems on an intelligence test. According to Spearman, Mark's ability to solve the problems will depend on

A) how fluid or crystallized his intelligence is.
B) what types of multiple intelligences he has excelled at in the past.
C) his general problem-solving ability and specific talents with spatial tasks.
D) his level of analytical intelligence and logical thought.

Question 19

According to Spearman, it is one's __________ intelligence that produces the positive correlations found between math, reading scores, and visual perception tests.

A) crystallized
B) fluid
C) emotional
D) general

Question 20

Which of the following theorists argued that intelligence resulted from a single ability and could be represented by a single test score?

A) Binet
B) Spearman
C) Sternberg
D) Gardner

Question 21

The type of intelligence that allows you to learn to play a musical instrument is called

A) emotional intelligence.
B) abstract intelligence.
C) crystallized intelligence.
D) fluid intelligence.

Question 22

Stephanie's friends describe her as someone who has the uncanny ability to say the right thing at the right time whenever someone is in need. According to Gardner, Stephanie's skills may reflect a type of __________ intelligence.

A) interpersonal
B) naturalistic
C) intrapersonal
D) linguistic

Question 23

Which type of intelligence has been moderately and positively associated with the personality trait of openness to experience?

A) general
B) crystallized
C) specific
D) fluid

Question 24

According to Gardner's view of multiple intelligences, a person who understands and possesses insight into themselves would have high __________ intelligence.

A) interpersonal
B) naturalistic
C) linguistic
D) intrapersonal

Question 25

According to Gardner's view of multiple intelligences, someone who is painter or graphic designer would have high __________ intelligence.

A) bodily-kinesthetic
B) naturalistic
C) spatial
D) musical

Question 26

Sven is especially skilled when it comes to reading charts, maps, and graphs. According to Gardner, Sven's skills reflect __________ intelligence.

A) logico-mathematical
B) spatial
C) linguistic
D) naturalistic

Question 27

A theory of intelligence with eight components was postulated by

A) Gardner.
B) Spearman.
C) Sternberg.
D) Terman.

Question 28

Which of these is one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?

A) Poetic
B) Digital
C) Creative
D) Naturalistic

Question 29

Gardner argued that __________ provide support for his concept of multiple intelligences.

A) people with sensory deficits
B) autistic savants
C) schizophrenia patients
D) twin studies

Question 30

Because Ben's history professor was a journalist during the 1970s, he has extraordinary insight and knowledge of facts concerning the Vietnam War era. This knowledge is associated with the term

A) multiple intelligence.
B) general intelligence.
C) fluid intelligence.
D) crystallized intelligence.

Question 31

Theresa is 83, whereas her co-worker Marvin is 35. Which of the following is most likely about their levels of intelligence in relation to their age?

A) Theresa has more fluid and crystallized intelligence than Marvin.
B) Marvin has less fluid intelligence but more crystallized intelligence than Theresa.
C) Theresa has less fluid intelligence but more crystallized intelligence than Marvin.
D) Marvin has more fluid and crystallized intelligence than Theresa.

Question 32

Nigel is a contestant on the game show Jeopardy!. In order to accurately answer the numerous trivia questions on the show, Nigel will be utilizing his __________ intelligence.

A) general
B) crystallized
C) practical
D) fluid

Question 33

Dean is learning how to drive a car, whereas Martin has been driving for several years. In this example, Dean would be using __________ intelligence and Martin would be relying on __________ intelligence.

A) specific; general
B) general; specific
C) fluid; crystallized
D) crystallized; fluid

Question 34

Research has demonstrated that __________ intelligence declines as adults age.

A) general
B) crystallized
C) specific
D) fluid

Question 35

According to Gardner's view of multiple intelligences, someone who is a yoga instructor should have high __________ intelligence.

A) bodily-kinesthetic
B) naturalistic
C) linguistic
D) intrapersonal

Question 36

Our accumulated knowledge of the world over time is called __________ intelligence.

A) aptitude
B) abstract
C) crystallized
D) fluid

Question 37

Someone with brain damage could lose language abilities, but may still maintain other skills and abilities, like math or creativity. Which concept of intelligence is supported by evidence like this?

A) Cattell and Horn's fluid and crystalized intelligences
B) Galton's emphasis on sensory abilities
C) Gardner's multiple intelligence theory
D) Sternberg's triarchic theory

Question 38

According to Gardner's theory, a famous painter like Picasso or Renoir has talents associated with which form of intelligence?

A) Linguistic
B) Logical
C) Spatial
D) Naturalistic

Question 39

According to Gardner's view of multiple intelligences, someone who is a veterinarian or animal trainer would have high __________ intelligence.

A) bodily-kinesthetic
B) naturalistic
C) spatial
D) intrapersonal

Question 40

Gardner and his associates are known for proposing

A) the generalized theory of intelligence.
B) the triarchic theory of intelligence.
C) the theory of multiple intelligences.
D) the theory of emotional intelligence.

Question 41

Foster hasn't performed as well as he could have in school, but he seems to do well at work, understands others, and could be said to have "street smarts." In this example, what type of intelligence is most applicable to Foster?

A) Creative intelligence
B) General intelligence
C) Naturalistic intelligence
D) Practical intelligence

Question 42

Marcos, a geology professor, has always been fascinated by the study of fossils, shells, and rock formations. According to Gardner, Marcos is strong in the area of __________ intelligence.

A) naturalistic
B) kinesthetic
C) logical
D) spatial

Question 43

Sternberg has found that __________ intelligence is a good predictor of success in life but has a low relationship to __________ intelligence.

A) practical; analytical
B) practical; creative
C) analytical; practical
D) academic; creative

Question 44

According to Robert Sternberg, which type of intelligence is best described as "street smarts," or the ability to use information to get along in life? People who have it know how to be tactful, how to manipulate situations to their advantage, and how to use inside information to increase their odds of success.

A) analytical intelligence
B) creative intelligence
C) practical intelligence
D) exponential intelligence

Question 45

Some research on brain activity and intelligence has demonstrated that participants with higher levels of intelligence exhibited __________ brain activity than participants of lower levels of intelligence, when doing the same familiar task.

A) less
B) the same amount of
C) more
D) differentiated

Question 46

Which one of the following was tentatively proposed by Gardner as a possible ninth type of intelligence?

A) Musical
B) Interpersonal
C) Holistic
D) Existential

Question 47

Which of the following statements is consistent with both Gardner's multiple intelligences theory, and Sternberg's triarchic theory?

A) Heredity is the major factor determining intelligence.
B) Standardized tests do not assess the many facets of intelligence.
C) There is no correlation between intelligence quotients and academic success in grade school.
D) The concept of intelligence serves no purpose in a society in which computers are so frequently used.

Question 48

Sternberg is to Spearman as __________ is to __________.

A) general (g) intelligence; practical intelligence
B) analytical intelligence; general (g) intelligence
C) multiple intelligences; specific abilities
D) creative intelligence; crystallized intelligence

Question 49

Shalissa is described as being socially skilled and able to manipulate situations to her advantage. In Sternberg's triarchic model, she would likely score high in

A) analytical intelligence.
B) creative intelligence.
C) practical intelligence.
D) exponential intelligence.

Question 50

According to Gardner's multiple intelligences, a guidance counsellor would rely on __________ intelligence whereas an engineer would utilize __________ intelligence.

A) linguistic; spatial
B) naturalistic; kinesthetic
C) intrapersonal; logico-mathematical
D) interpersonal; spatial

Question 51

Mr. Cutty is a businessman who wants to determine which job candidates would be the best to hire and have the highest job performance. According to Sternberg, which types of intelligence should Mr. Cutty be interested in?

A) Analytical and linguistic intelligences
B) Practical and creative intelligences
C) Specific and intrapersonal intelligences
D) Crystallized and analytical intelligences

Question 52

According to Robert Sternberg, which type of intelligence is LEAST likely to predict success in an academic environment?

A) Analytical intelligence
B) Creative intelligence
C) Practical intelligence
D) Logico-mathematical intelligence

Question 53

In Sternberg's triarchic theory, which type of intelligence is similar to Gardner's concept of interpersonal intelligence?

A) Practical intelligence
B) Analytical intelligence
C) Fluid intelligence
D) Creative intelligence

Question 54

Sternberg's __________ model of intelligence offers a theory of multiple types of intelligence.

A) crystallized
B) fluid
C) triarchic
D) triangular

Question 55

What three types of intelligence constitute Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

A) Global, intuitive, and special
B) General, global, and specific
C) Analytical, creative, and practical
D) Mathematical, reasoning, and verbal

Question 56

Which of the following is one of the three areas of intelligence described by Sternberg?

A) Linguistic
B) Practical
C) Spatial
D) Existential

Question 57

According to Robert Sternberg, which type of intelligence is the ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems?

A) analytical intelligence
B) creative intelligence
C) practical intelligence
D) exponential intelligence

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true concerning the relationship between brain size and intelligence?

A) Negative Correlation: The higher the brain volume is, the lower the intelligence test scores.
B) Causal Relationship: Higher brain volume causes higher intelligence test scores.
C) Positive Correlation: The higher the brain volume is, the higher the intelligence test scores.
D) Zero Correlation and Causation: Higher brain volume is unrelated to intelligence test scores.

Question 59

According to Sternberg's theory, which type of intelligence is most similar to the concept of g or general intelligence?

A) Practical intelligence
B) Analytical intelligence
C) Existential intelligence
D) Creative intelligence

Question 60

According to Robert Sternberg, which type of intelligence is the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving?

A) analytical intelligence
B) creative intelligence
C) practical intelligence
D) exponential intelligence

Question 61

Based on IQ score information, a student with an IQ score of 120 is likely to

A) answer IQ test questions like someone whose mental age is 12 even though the student is only 10.
B) answer IQ test questions like someone whose mental age is 10 even though the student is only 8.
C) answer IQ test questions like someone whose mental age is 10, even though the student is 12.
D) answer IQ test questions like someone whose mental age is 12, even though the student is 16.

Question 62

What is the relationship between scores on working memory tasks and measures of intelligence?

A) Positive correlation: smarter people tend to have a good working memory.
B) Negative correlation: smarter people tend to have a weak working memory.
C) No correlation: intelligence is not predicted by working memory.
D) Causal: Working memory is the driver of what we know as intelligence.

Question 63

Dallas is a 10-year-old boy who has a mental age of 10 years. His IQ would be

A) 80.
B) 100.
C) 115.
D) 130.

Question 64

William Stern's formula for the intelligence quotient was mental age divided by chronological age and then multiplied by 100. What is the IQ of a 12-year-old with a mental age of nine?

A) 125
B) 135
C) 75
D) 85

Question 65

What is the IQ of a 12-year-old with a mental age of 15?

A) 150
B) 125
C) 115
D) 75

Question 66

Jordan is a 10-year-old boy who has a mental age of eight years. His IQ would be

A) 80.
B) 100.
C) 125.
D) 140.

Question 67

Albert Einstein, a mathematical genius, had a smaller than average brain. Very intelligent children often have thinner cortex than other children their age. Which of the following is supported by evidence like this?

A) There is a negative correlation between brain volume and intelligence.
B) There is a positive correlation between brain volume and intelligence.
C) Brain volume is useless as a predictor of intelligence.
D) The positive correlation between brain volume and intelligence is complicated.

Question 68

Twelve-year-old Arnold received an IQ test score of 75. What is his mental age?

A) Seven
B) Five
C) Ten
D) Nine

Question 69

Analysis of Einstein's brain showed a significantly wider __________ lobe, and this area tends to become active during spatial reasoning tasks.

A) temporal
B) frontal
C) parietal
D) occipital

Question 70

After being referred for testing, Angela scored 100 on an IQ test. Angela is now likely to

A) be given accommodations due to her low test scores.
B) be placed in a special education class.
C) be placed in a gifted and talented program.
D) have no special placement, because her score is average.

Question 71

What is similar between studies of reaction time, and studies of brain activity, for estimating intelligence of participants?

A) Both types of studies reveal negative correlations with intelligence.
B) Both types of studies reveal that intelligence is difficult to predict.
C) Both types of studies demonstrate that intelligence is essentially sensory capacity.
D) Both types of studies reveal the importance of overall brain volume.

Question 72

There is a negative correlation between reaction time and intelligence scores. What does this mean?

A) There is no point in using reaction times to estimate intelligence.
B) Smarter people tend to react more quickly to stimuli.
C) Smarter people tend to react more slowly to stimuli.
D) Laboratory tests of intelligence are more useful than pen-and-paper tests.

Question 73

What is the correct formula for determining IQ as used in Stern's development of the Stanford-Binet IQ test? (note: MA is Mental Age and CA is Chronological Age)

A) MA ÷ CA × 100.
B) MA ÷ 100 x CA.
C) CA ÷ MA × 100.
D) MA ÷ CA.

Question 74

Which of the following pieces of evidence supports the hypothesis that intelligence is associated with the efficiency of the brain?

A) Albert Einstein's brain was large in specific areas associated with his skills.
B) There is a positive correlation between brain volume and intelligence.
C) Intelligent people show less brain activation during practiced tasks.
D) Speedy reaction time is modestly correlated with IQ scores.

Question 75

Which portion of the brain is most active on tasks involving reasoning, planning, and judgment?

A) Parietal lobe
B) Temporal lobe
C) Somatosensory cortex
D) Prefrontal cortex

Question 76

An eight-year-old child who scored like an average 10-year-old on an intelligence test would have a mental age of __________ and an IQ of __________.

A) eight; 80
B) eight; 125
C) ten; 100
D) ten; 125

Question 77

Overestimation of our own intellectual abilities is particularly related to poor __________ skills, or erroneous judgments about our own knowledge.

A) memory
B) metacognitive
C) intuitive
D) sensory

Question 78

Recent research evidence suggests that people with poor cognitive skills are especially likely to overestimate their intellectual abilities, a phenomenon known as

A) the double curse of incompetence.
B) intuition.
C) deviation IQ.
D) positive eugenics.

Question 79

Which of the following individuals would Stern's formula for calculating IQ provide the best estimate of intelligence?

A) Seven-year-old Lisa
B) 17-year-old Raj
C) 24-year-old Sienna
D) 45-year-old Don

Question 80

Brain imaging during reasoning tasks that are highly related to general intelligence indicate that the __________ shows consistent activation across different "g-loaded" tasks.

A) parietal lobe
B) association cortex
C) prefrontal cortex
D) somatosensory cortex