Deck 8: Communicating Persuasively

Question 1

When used as evidence, what does an effective example do?

A) It makes concrete ideas more abstract.
B) It makes abstract ideas more concrete.
C) It makes concrete ideas more figurative.
D) It makes abstractions less didactic.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

How does culture affect the process of persuasion?

A) It determines the content of effective arguments.
B) It determines the structure of effective arguments.
C) Both A and B are correct.
D) None of the responses are correct.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The following statement appears in a university's report to its board of regents: "Several other notable universities, including Stanford and Harvard, are offering massive, open online classes, or MOOCs. It is imperative for Old State University to keep pace in the educational marketplace." What type of reasoning does the passage display?

A) arguing from ignorance
B) circular argument
C) ad hominem argument
D) ad populum argument

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What does it mean to say that a report you are writing contains several logical fallacies?

A) The reasoning used in your report is supported by several effective examples.
B) The reasoning used in your report is logical and trustworthy.
C) The reasoning used in your report is illogical and untrustworthy.
D) The reasoning used in your report follows an effective pattern used in other good arguments.

Question 5

In the following excerpt from a proposal seeking funding to upgrade a police department's crime lab, which technique for making a persuasive case listed below does the writer NOT use?
In the past four years, the department's crime lab has experienced an increase in fingerprint evidence for comparisons. The increase in volume is a result of submissions from other rural agencies in the state. However, because our agency cannot access data maintained within the state's Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS), submissions are limited to manual searches of the 14,000 files maintained by our department. You can imagine the likelihood of missing a fingerprint match while looking through thousands of fingerprints by hand. In fact, Harlan Andrews, a Senior Investigator at the Federal Bureau of Investigation's laboratory, reports that manual searches often fail to find matches when in fact fingerprint matches exist. To prevent such errors, our department needs to upgrade its computer system to allow access to AFIS.

A) commonsense arguments
B) examples
C) expert testimony
D) numerical data

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a category of constraints on your ability to be persuasive in a workplace document?

A) partitional
B) personnel
C) financial
D) political

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an informational constraint that you might confront when completing a project?

A) You know that your proposal would help the company, but you also know that the company can't afford to act on your proposal.
B) Your document would be most effective if it used color, but your budget will allow for only black-and-white printing.
C) You have located advertising brochures and testimonials associated with the subject you're writing about, but you can't find reports on the kinds of controlled tests that would convince a skeptical reader.
D) All responses are correct.

Question 8

The following statement appears in a proposal to install a large pond near an amphitheater: "Jones Company is an expert in pond preparation. We installed our first pond at Jameson Park earlier this year." What type of reasoning does the passage display?

A) post hoc reasoning
B) inadequate sampling
C) arguing from ignorance
D) arguing from authority

Question 9

In the following excerpt, a writer tries to persuade his supervisor to respond to a government request for proposals (RFP) to build an unmanned surveillance plane for the military. Which aspects of the paragraph undercut the effectiveness of the passage?
I think we are making a serious mistake by not responding. If we don't respond to this proposal, we will lose our competitive edge. At a conference last month, for example, I spoke to a couple of people who said the market for unmanned surveillance aircraft will grow exponentially during the next 10 years. Can we talk about this more at next week's planning meeting?

A) It argues that the claim is valid because the person making the claim is an authority.
B) It assumes what the writer is attempting to prove.
C) It draws conclusions on the basis of an inadequate sample.
D) It poses only two alternatives when in fact there might be more.

Question 10

Chapter 8 discusses four broad goals of an audience. One is security. Which is NOT one of the other three goals?

A) fair-mindedness
B) recognition
C) growth
D) connectedness

Question 11

Which of these statements is true?

A) Writers who appeal to an audience's sense of reason never use graphics.
B) Writers who appeal to an audience's emotions usually do so dramatically.
C) Writers who appeal to an audience's emotions usually do not appeal to their sense of reason as well.
D) Writers who appeal to an audience's emotions usually appeal to their sense of reason as well.

Question 12

The following statement appears in a brochure supporting a law to allow ducks on a lake on a college campus: "In the other states that have allowed ducks on campus, we know of no adverse encounters between ducks and people to date." What type of reasoning does that passage display?

A) arguing from ignorance
B) arguing from authority
C) post hoc reasoning
D) circular argument

Question 13

A writer's company has just adopted a policy of tracking employee emails to determine which employee is leaking confidential information. Because the writer knows that this policy will be unpopular with company employees, which is the best strategy for announcing the policy to employees in a memorandum?

A) Present the reasoning behind the new policy and then state the policy.
B) State the policy and then provide the reasoning.
C) State only the new policy.
D) State the reasoning behind the new policy and then state the policy in a follow-up memorandum.

Question 14

Which are the four categories of evidence to which people usually respond favorably?

A) numerical data, examples, commonsense arguments, and celebrity testimony
B) expert testimony, ideologies, numerical data, and commonsense arguments
C) examples, commonsense arguments, numerical data, and expert testimony
D) verbal data, numerical data, expert testimony, and implications

Question 15

Chapter 8 lists four characteristics that can help you establish an effective professional persona. One is cooperativeness. Which of the following characteristics are also listed in the chapter?

A) fair-mindedness
B) punctuality
C) moderation
D) self-control
E) modesty

Question 16

Which method of addressing opposing viewpoints is likely to be least effective?

A) Point out any problems in the logic of the opposing viewpoint or the facts used to support it.
B) Try to reconcile the opposing viewpoint with your own.
C) Avoid discussing the opposing viewpoint.
D) Show that the opposing viewpoint is less strong and attractive than your own.

Question 17

An argument using an appeal to pity is focused on what element?

A) logic
B) emotion
C) memory
D) the speaker or writer

Question 18

Which characteristic of an attractive professional persona has the writer of the following excerpt NOT shown?
As you probably already know, we have a problem with our current documentation. Users cannot easily locate the serial numbers necessary to complete the online registration step. The solution below will help us address this problem and eliminate the customer-support calls we get. It will also solve a few other problems. Last week, others suggested different solutions. However, I know they will not work. The best course of action is to prominently display the serial numbers at the start of the chapter labeled "Registering Your Product." Our users expect to find the numbers in this chapter.

A) cooperativeness
B) moderation
C) fair-mindedness
D) modesty

Question 19

Which three of the following are elements of an argument?

A) claim
B) persona
C) conclusion
D) evidence
E) reasoning

Question 20

Which statement best exemplifies a modest persona?

A) "I think the Hughes Security system will give us most of the features we are looking for."
B) "I know the Hughes Security system will give us the features we are looking for."
C) "I researched all the options, and I am positive that the Hughes Security system is the only reasonable option."
D) "The president of Hughes Security is a personal friend, and I know they can't possibly let us down."

Question 21

If you are facing constraints in trying to persuade your audience, you are not an effective writer.

Question 22

Effective graphic design is an element of the tone of a document's argument.

Question 23

What type of argument is one made against the writer, rather than against the writer's argument?

Question 24

A post hoc argument claims that because A preceded B, A must have caused B.

Question 25

What type of argument draws conclusions based on an insufficient number of cases?

Question 26

Give an example of an informational constraint that you might confront in completing a project.

Question 27

What type of argument appeals to a person's understanding and experience of how the world works?

Question 28

A commonsense argument is usually more persuasive than numerical data.

Question 29

in most cases the best place to state your claim is at the end of the argument because you may alienate your audience if you state it at the beginning.

Question 30

Ethical constraints arise from applicable laws on labor practices, environmental issues, fair trade, consumer rights, and so forth.

Question 31

Chapter 8 discusses the three elements of an argument. One is the claim. What are the other two?

Question 32

What type of argument restates the main point without presenting any evidence to support it?

Question 33

What type of argument states that a claim is valid because many people think it is or act as if it is?

Question 34

Chapter 8 discusses the four broad goals of an audience. One is security. Name one of the other three goals.

Question 35

crafting a persuasive argument involves six tasks. One is using the right kinds of evidence. What is another of the tasks listed in the chapter?

Question 36

Graphics and design elements are relatively unimportant in communicating persuasively.

Question 37

What type of argument poses only two alternatives when in fact there might be more?

Question 38

It is most effective to present emotional appeals in isolation rather than in combination with other types of evidence.

Question 39

A testimonial can be an effective persuasive element.

Question 40

People who write proposals are the only technical writers who need to be concerned with persuasion.