Deck 13: Psychology Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following perspectives suggests that faulty thinking or distorted perceptions contribute to some types of psychological disorders?

A) The learning perspective
B) The biological perspective
C) The cognitive perspective
D) The humanistic perspective

Answer 1

The cognitive perspective

Question 2

The term neurosis was used

A) to designate a severe mental disorder.
B) to suggest the presence of hallucinations and delusions.
C) frequently to label disorders the DSM-IV.
D) for a disorder thatvolved much personal distress and some impaired functioning

Answer 2

for a disorder thatvolved much personal distress and some impaired functioning

Question 3

Which is a suggested cause of abnormal behaviour from the learning perspective?

A) Unconscious, unresolved conflicts
B) Faulty learning
C) Faulty thinking
D) Early childhood experiences

Answer 3

Faulty learning

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true regarding the distinction between normal and abnormal behaviour?

A) You are either totally normal, or totally abnormal; there is no middle ground.
B) If a person is considered normal one culture, then they are normal all cultures.
C) Not all people whose behaviour is abnormal experience personal distress
D) It is relatively easy to differentiate normal behaviour from abnormal behaviour.

Question 5

Which is a suggested cause of abnormal behaviour from the humanistic perspective?

A) Unconscious, unresolved conflicts
B) Faulty learning
C) A blocking of the natural tendency toward self-actualization
D) Faulty and negative thinking

Question 6

Although the term neurosis has not been used officially since 1980, it applied to people who

A) suffered from personal discomfort and distress and some impairment functioning
B) lost touch with reality.
C) violated important social norms.
D) were more disturbed than those suffering from a psychosis.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a question offered by the text to determine what behaviour is abnormal?

A) Is the person a danger to him-or herself or others?
B) Is the person legally responsible for his or her acts?
C) Are family members bothered by the behaviour?
D) Is the behaviour maladaptive?

Question 8

Marita is seeing a therapist because she is hearing voices telling her to do bad things to her neighbour. The doctor prescribes medication for the hallucinations and explores her family history for signs of mental illness. Which of the following perspectives is the therapist using?

A) The cognitive perspective.
B) The biological perspective
C) The psychodynamic perspective.
D) The learning perspective.

Question 9

Graham consults with a patient who is complaining of hearing voices and having strange thoughts. He asks the patient to undergo a series of tests, including a brain scan and a complete blood test. The perspective that Graham has on abnormal behaviour is most likely the

A) learning perspective.
B) cognitive perspective.
C) psychodynamic perspective.
D) biological perspective

Question 10

Which of the following causes of mental disorders is not consistent with the biological perspective?

A) Geneticheritance
B) Biochemical imbalances or abnormalities
C) Structural abnormalities within the brain
D) Symptoms symbolizing psychological problems

Question 11

Charlene gets hysterical when she sees any knife that is larger than a paring knife and cannot keep them in her house. Her therapist believes that her fear of knives is a defence against an unconscious desire to kill her husband who is psychologically abusive to her. The therapist's belief is based on the

A) psychodynamic perspective
B) biological perspective.
C) cognitive perspective.
D) learning perspective.

Question 12

The DSM-IV-TR, a manual published by the American Psychiatric Association, enables

A) the treatment and cure of psychological disorders.
B) outline treatments for various psychological disorders.
C) the general public to understand the causes of psychological disorders.
D) a diverse group of professionals to speak the same language

Question 13

Which of the following statements is not true according to the biological perspective?

A) Brain structure abnormalities can be a cause of mental disorder.
B) Biochemical imbalances can be a cause or a result of a mental disorder.
C) People can directlyherit some mental disorders
D) Biological treatments such as drugs or electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) are often favoured by people advocating the biological perspective.

Question 14

Which of the following perspectives has, as its goal, getting rid of the behavioural symptoms of the disorder (such as the fear, the inappropriate behaviour, etc.) rather than identifying and treating an underlying cause?

A) The biological perspective
B) The psychodynamic perspective
C) The humanistic perspective
D) The learning perspective

Question 15

Jefferson is convinced that abnormal behaviours arise from structural abnormalities and chemical imbalances in the brain. His view of abnormal behaviour is most consistent with

A) the biological perspective
B) the psychodynamic perspective.
C) the humanistic perspective.
D) the cognitive perspective.

Question 16

The earliest explanation of abnormal behaviour was that disturbed people

A) were possessed by evil spirits or demons
B) acted oddly by their own free will.
C) had biological imbalances.
D) came from dysfunctional families.

Question 17

Niall is going to see a therapist for his anxiety attacks. The therapist spends the session discussing with Niall his negative thinking about himself and his abilities. The therapist attempts to have Niall replace his negative thoughts with rational, positive ones. Which of the following perspectives is the therapist using?

A) The cognitive perspective
B) The biological perspective
C) The learning perspective
D) The humanistic perspective

Question 18

The basic function of the DSM-IV-TR is to

A) suggest effective treatments for various mental disorders.
B) provide a clear distinction between neurosis and psychosis.
C) provide a set of diagnostic categories for classifying mental disorders
D) describeternal personality factors that arevolved mental disorders.

Question 19

Which perspective suggests that the way to treat psychological disorders is to increase self-acceptance and become more inner-directed?

A) The psychodynamic perspective
B) The learning perspective
C) The humanistic perspective
D) The cognitive perspective

Question 20

Which of the following is not a question offered by the text to determine what behaviour is abnormal?

A) Is the person considered by people authority to be abnormal?
B) Is the behaviour considered strange within the person's own culture?
C) Is the behaviour maladaptive?
D) Is the person a danger to him- or herself or to others?

Question 21

Healthy, normal anxiety

A) continues long after the danger is over.
B) is all out of proportion to the seriousness of the situation.
C) occurs the absence of real danger.
D) helps us to take useful action

Question 22

Louie periodically experiences brief but intense periods of fear and dread that do not seem to be triggered by a specific object or event. Physical symptoms such as a pounding heart, dizziness, and trembling also occur. Louie is probably suffering from

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) panic disorder
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) phobic disorder.

Question 23

Which of the following is not true of people suffering from a psychosis?

A) They have seriously impaired functioning everyday life.
B) They rarely lose contact with reality
C) They sometimes require hospitalization for their disorder.
D) They may have delusions or hallucinations.

Question 24

Which of the following statements about anxiety is not true?

A) Too much anxiety can be a symptom of a psychological disorder.
B) Anxiety is almost always associated with something specific-a particular object, person, or situation
C) Some anxiety prompts us to take useful action.
D) Some anxiety is normal and healthy.

Question 25

Alicia is jittery and tense much of the time, and spends hours worrying about her children-who are well-adjusted-and worrying about her finances even though she is actually financially secure. Alicia might be diagnosed as suffering from

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) bipolar depression.
C) a somatoform disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 26

Phobias involve a

A) serious of episodes where the person losses consciousness and continues to behave.
B) persistent, irrational fear of some object, situation, or activity that a person feels compelled to avoid
C) generalized feeling of apprehension, fear, or tension that may be associated with a particular object or situation, or that may be free-floating.
D) persistent, recurring,voluntary thought or image thatvades consciousness and causes great distress.

Question 27

The biological perspective on panic attacks has been supported by which of the following?

A) PET scans reveal that panic-disorder patients show a greatlycreased blood flow to parts of the right hemisphere of the limbic system
B) MRI scans have shown that different electrical activity occurs the brains of panic-disorder patients.
C) PET scans reveal that panic-disorder patients show a greatly decreased blood flow to the right parietal lobe, associated with the secretion of calming hormones.
D) MRI scans have revealed significant brain size differences between the brains of panic-disorder and phobic patients.

Question 28

Which of the following would not be a typical reaction during a panic attack?

A) Maria feels like she is smothering and is sure that she is going to die.
B) Joseph is shaking uncontrollably.
C) Paula's heart is pounding and she feels like she is going crazy.
D) Babette feels deadside, experiencing no physical or emotional responses

Question 29

Which of the following individuals might be diagnosed as having panic disorder?

A) Juliana, who gets hysterical when a dog approaches her
B) Lauren, who hascapacitating attacks of anxiety that come upon her suddenly
C) Louie, who is excessively anxious about his health and his job, even though there is no concrete reason for it
D) Ruth, who refuses to eat front of others for fear her hand will shake

Question 30

Family and twin studies of those who suffer from panic attacks suggests that panic attacks

A) do not have a genetic component.
B) have a genetic component
C) are associated with a history of child abuse.
D) have a neurological cause.

Question 31

Panic disorder, phobias, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are types of

A) somatoform disorders
B) anxiety disorders
C) dissociative disorders.
D) mood disorders.

Question 32

For a fear to be defined as a phobia, the fear must be disproportionate to the situation and there must be evidence of

A) autonomic reactivity.
B) vigilance.
C) perceptual distortion.
D) avoidance

Question 33

Ilana experiences excessive anxiety over her performance at work and at school, although she is doing quite well at both. Ilana would most likely be diagnosed as suffering from

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) phobias.
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) panic disorder.

Question 34

Compared to the average person, an individual with panic disorder is

A) more likely to have an abnormal blood-flow pattern the limbic system
B) at less risk for alcohol and drug abuse.
C) less likely to have impaired social and marital functioning.
D) less likely to attempt suicide.

Question 35

The disorder characterized by recurrent and unpredictable attacks of anxiety, panic, or terror is known as

A) phobia.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) panic disorder

Question 36

People who are unduly worried about their finances or their health may be experiencing

A) a mild form of psychosis.
B) personality disorder.
C) a deep depression.
D) general anxiety disorder

Question 37

Phobias are a type of

A) somatoform disorder.
B) personality disorder
C) affective disorder.
D) anxiety disorder

Question 38

Agoraphobia may actually be an extreme form of

A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) social phobia.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) panic disorder

Question 39

In which of the following disorders do individuals experience the least anxiety?

A) Agoraphobia
B) Depression
C) Panic disorder
D) Social phobia

Question 40

A generalized feeling of fear, tension, and apprehension is called

A) anxiety
B) depression.
C) neurosis.
D) frustration.

Question 41

Sandra will not eat in front of other people because she fears that her hand will shake. She probably suffers from

A) specific phobia.
B) social phobia
C) panic disorder.
D) agoraphobia.

Question 42

Which of the following would not be considered a specific phobia?

A) Fear of snakes
B) Fear of speaking front of large groups of people
C) Fear of heights
D) Fear of enclosed spaces, such as elevators

Question 43

Most simple phobias are grossly exaggerated fears of things that

A) most people are drawn to.
B) cause no fear most people.
C) cause great fear most people.
D) cause some fear most people

Question 44

Which of the following is not a class of phobias?

A) Complex phobia
B) Social phobia
C) Specific phobia
D) Agoraphobia

Question 45

Which of the following is not one of the probable causes of phobia given in the text?

A) Genetic predisposition
B) Faulty perceptions of highly traumatic experiences
C) Observational learning
D) Learning based on actual experience

Question 46

Which of the following persons might be diagnosed as having a specific phobia?

A) Paloma has been housebound for four years.
B) Juliana gets hysterical when a dog approaches her
C) Ruth refuses to eat front of others for fear her hand will shake.
D) Lauren hascapacitating attacks of anxiety that come upon her suddenly.

Question 47

Which of the following is considered the most serious and debilitating type of phobia?

A) Agoraphobia
B) Social phobia
C) Complex phobia
D) Specific phobia

Question 48

What is the term for an irrational fear and avoidance of situations in which people believe they might embarrass or humiliate themselves by appearing clumsy, foolish, or incompetent?

A) Social phobia
B) Specific phobia
C) Agoraphobia
D) Complex phobia

Question 49

Obsessions involve a

A) persistent, irresistible, irrational urge to perform an act or ritual repeatedly.
B) generalized feeling of apprehension, fear, or tension that may be associated with a particular object or situation.
C) sudden loss of conscious and a failure to recall what took place during the episode.
D) persistent recurringvoluntary thought, image, or impulse thatvades consciousness and causes great distress

Question 50

Most specific and social phobias result from

A) learning
B) genetic programming.
C) unconscious sexual or aggressive impulses.
D) low self-esteem.

Question 51

What is the term for an intense fear of being in a situation where immediate escape is not possible or help is not immediately available in case of incapacitating anxiety?

A) Social phobia
B) Agoraphobia
C) Complex phobia
D) Specific phobia

Question 52

Genes appear to play a role in all of the following except

A) agoraphobia.
B) social phobia.
C) specific phobias.
D) general phobia

Question 53

Arnold is extremely frightened of grasshoppers, Jeff is overly fearful of lightning and thunder, and Igor is afraid of the dentist. All three suffer from

A) specific phobias
B) agoraphobia.
C) complex phobias.
D) social phobia.

Question 54

Evelyn, who becomes unbearably anxious when she thinks about leaving her home, has the disorder called

A) somatization disorder.
B) acrophobia
C) agoraphobia
D) conversion disorder.

Question 55

According to the textbook, in most cases phobias are acquired through a combination of

A) social pressure and experience.
B) conditioning and observational learning
C) psychosis and anxiety.
D) genetics and environment.

Question 56

One evening, Sarah went to see a film that contained disturbing scenes of violence. The next day, Sarah kept thinking about these scenes over and over again. This is a mild version of

A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) a compulsion.
C) an obsession
D) panic disorder.

Question 57

Every time Leo and Dana are driving out of town for vacation, Dana worries that she forgot to turn off the oven. She insists on returning to check it. Dana has

A) a hallucination.
B) an obsession
C) a compulsion.
D) a delusion.

Question 58

What is the term for a catch-all category for any phobia other than agoraphobia and social phobia?

A) Specific phobia
B) Social phobia
C) Complex phobia
D) Agoraphobia

Question 59

Which of the following persons might be diagnosed as having agoraphobia?

A) Julianne gets hysterical when a dog approaches her.
B) Lauren hascapacitating attacks of anxiety that come on her suddenly.
C) Paloma has been housebound for four years
D) Ruth refuses to eat front of others for fear her hand will shake.

Question 60

All of the following persons might be diagnosed as having social phobia, except

A) Leigh, who worries excessively about her performance at work.
B) Mindy, who will not write front of others for fear her hand will shake.
C) Jerre, who has not left her house for two years
D) Jillian, who will not go to the dentist.

Question 61

It used to be assumed that people with obsessive-compulsive disorder were extremely insecure individuals who viewed the world as threatening and unpredictable. Their ritualistic behaviour was thought to be a means for

A) imposing some order, structure, and predictability on the world
B) keeping the world at a distance.
C) distracting themselves from their fears.
D) getting help from family and friends.

Question 62

Repeated thoughts are to ________ as repeated acts are to ________.

A) anxiety; panic attacks
B) normal; abnormal
C) obsession; compulsion
D) hallucinations; paranoid behaviour

Question 63

In the general population what percentages of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder have both an obsession and compulsive behaviour?

A) 16 percent
B) 34 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 70 percent

Question 64

Which of the following is not one of the anxiety disorders?

A) Hypochondriasis
B) Panic disorder
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) Social phobia

Question 65

What is the class of disorders in which the physical symptoms present are psychological rather than physical in origin?

A) Mood disorders
B) Somatoform disorders
C) Affective disorders
D) Dissociative disorders

Question 66

Which of the following is not typical of hypochondriacs?

A) Their symptoms are not usually consistent with known physical disorders.
B) They are preoccupied with the fear that their bodily symptoms are a sign of some serious disease.
C) They are easily treated
D) They may doctor shop.

Question 67

Connie adopts ritualistic behaviours to help reduce anxiety that occurs when unwanted thoughts intrude into her awareness. Connie is displaying symptoms of

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) dissociative disorder.
C) histrionic personality disorder.
D) conversion disorder.

Question 68

Which neurotransmitter appears to play a role in obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Acetylcholine
C) Serotonin
D) Dopamine

Question 69

Raymond repeatedly washes his hands after touching money or the objects he has just brought home from the store. Raymond may be suffering from

A) a hallucination.
B) an obsession.
C) a compulsion
D) a delusion.

Question 70

What does soma mean?

A) Fake
B) Illness
C) Body
D) Pain

Question 71

When Lady Macbeth washed her hands repeatedly until they were red and raw, William Shakespeare provided an example of

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) schizophrenia.
C) major depression.
D) dissociative identity disorder.

Question 72

Compulsive behaviours are usually attempts to

A) distract oneself from the obsessive thoughts.
B) avoid anxiety by avoiding the targets of phobias.
C) relieve the anxiety caused by an obsession
D) protect one's self-concept by repressing and "forgetting" painful memories.

Question 73

Jordan feels that he must tie his tie over and over again before delivering a speech at work. He feels that his tie must be just right, otherwise he will not give a good talk. This repetitious behaviour is an example of

A) a compulsion
B) conversion disorder.
C) a phobia.
D) an obsession.

Question 74

Who would be most likely to receive a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A) Joan, who feels she must avoid certain objects or situations
B) Jane, who feels as though she is going to die
C) June, who feels an urge to perform some action repeatedly
D) Jan, who complains of headaches and dizziness

Question 75

Which of the following is not one of the common themes contained in obsessive thoughts?

A) Humiliation
B) Aggression
C) Doubt
D) Contamination

Question 76

When both compulsion and obsession occur, what function does the compulsion often serve?

A) It is an explanation of the obsession's existence.
B) It provides relief from the anxiety of the behaviour.
C) It provides relief from the anxiety caused by the obsession
D) It provides a constructive and satisfying outlet for the obsession.

Question 77

Obsessions differ from compulsions in that obsessions are ________, while compulsions are ________.

A) neurotic; psychotic
B) behaviours; thoughts
C) abnormal; normal
D) thoughts; behaviours

Question 78

Compulsions include all of the following except

A) fear of crowds
B) excessive ordering.
C) cleanliness.
D) hoarding.

Question 79

Whenever Sherry is away from home, she worries about whether she locked her doors. She can hardly think of anything else. This is an example of

A) a delusion.
B) an obsession
C) a hallucination.
D) a compulsion.

Question 80

Some researchers suggest that the fact that drug treatment does not work for all obsessive-compulsive patients means that

A) it iscurable.
B) it may have several different causes
C) drug treatment is not effective for this disorder.
D) the person really does not have obsessive-compulsive disorder.