Deck 14: Therapies

Question 1

Which therapy presumes that the cause of the patient's problems is repressed memories, impulses, and conflicts?

A) Existential therapy
B) Psychoanalytic therapy
C) Gestalt therapy
D) Person-centred therapy

Answer 1

Psychoanalytic therapy

Question 2

Today, the usual length of therapy with private therapists is

A) no different than the past, and canvolve many years of sessions.
B) two to three years.
C) relatively short, about 50 sessions.
D) averaging about 18 sessions

Answer 2

averaging about 18 sessions

Question 3

Who first developed the treatment approach known as psychoanalysis?

A) Carl Jung
B) B.F. Skinner
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Carl Rogers

Answer 3

Sigmund Freud

Question 4

Psychoanalysis is a therapy based on the assumption that psychological disorders

A) are caused by imbalances neurotransmitter substances.
B) occur when the patient feels that life is no longer meaningful.
C) are learned, and therapy should teach correct behaviour.
D) are the result of unresolved, unconscious conflicts

Question 5

Which of the following is a question that a psychoanalytic therapist would be likely to ask a patient?

A) "Will you keep a record of when you engage this behaviour so we can determine the rewards that maintain it?"
B) "Don't you think that your beliefs this matter are quite irrational?"
C) "Would you please tell me more about the events that took place your dream?"
D) "Aren't you failing to take credit for your successes and blaming yourself for your failure?"

Question 6

Psychotherapy involves the use of ________ to treat emotional and behavioural disorders

A) psychosurgery
B) psychological rather than biological methods
C) only Freud's classic psychoanalysis
D) untested theories

Question 7

A psychotherapist who urges a client to freely express thoughts and feelings and to verbalize whatever comes to mind without editing or censoring, is using the technique of

A) free association
B) abreaction.
C) interpretation.
D) transference.

Question 8

Psychoanalysis seeks to replace repression with

A) insight
B) rational thinking.
C) resistance.
D) unconditional acceptance.

Question 9

In order for Lily to engage in successful free association, it is essential that she

A) keep from developingtense feelings of love or hate toward the therapist.
B) have some knowledge of dream symbolism.
C) say whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or irrelevant it seems
D) restrict the discussion to her thoughts that seem most relevant to his problem.

Question 10

The assumption that all maladaptive behaviour results from unresolved, unconscious conflicts is part of which of the following perspectives?

A) Learning
B) Psychoanalytic
C) Humanistic
D) Cognitive

Question 11

When Klaus visits his psychoanalyst, he relaxes on a couch and talks about anything that comes to mind, whether it seems to make sense or not. This is an example of

A) resistance.
B) free association
C) transference.
D) empathy.

Question 12

What do psychoanalysts suspect is occurring when patients change the subject, become angry, or miss appointments?

A) Revelation
B) Working through
C) Resistance
D) Transference

Question 13

Because psychoanalysis focuses on helping patients become aware of their unconscious motives and conflicts, it is considered

A) antuitive therapy.
B) a patient-centred therapy.
C) antrospective therapy.
D) ansight therapy

Question 14

All insight psychotherapies share the assumption that the client's psychological well-being depends on

A) increased self-understanding
B) a focus on the present, rather than the past.
C) an understanding of the unconscious.
D) recognizing the rewardsdividuals give themselves.

Question 15

Leanne visits a therapist whose main goal is to provide his patients with insight into their repressed inner conflicts. Leanne's therapist is a

A) humanistic therapist.
B) psychoanalyst
C) behavioural therapist.
D) cognitive therapist.

Question 16

Typically, psychotherapy is conducted with

A) relaxation techniques.
B) drug treatment.
C) discussion
D) hypnotic methods.

Question 17

Woody responds to a question from his psychodynamic therapist by hesitating and then stumbling through the answer. His psychoanalyst would interpret the manner of his response as evidence of

A) transference.
B) free association.
C) resistance
D) fixation.

Question 18

In psychoanalysis the technique whereby a patient reveals every thought, idea, or image that comes to mind is called ________; the patient's attempt to avoid revealing certain thoughts is called ________.

A) free association; resistance
B) transference; resistance
C) revelation; transference
D) free association; transference

Question 19

The basic techniques of psychoanalysis include all of the following except

A) analysis of transference.
B) analysis of cognition
C) dream analysis.
D) free association.

Question 20

A major technique of psychoanalysis is

A) free association
B) psychodrama.
C) hypnosis.
D) symptom substitution.

Question 21

What would Freud say is occurring when a patient behaves toward the therapist the way he or she had behaved toward a significant person from the past?

A) Object substitution
B) Projection
C) Transference
D) Resistance

Question 22

The new approach to psychodynamic psychotherapy contrasts with the traditional approach in that

A) alternativeterpretations of dream material are allowed.
B) entirely new methods of transference are being used.
C) it is very much briefer and just as effective
D) free association is no longer used.

Question 23

Humanistic approaches to therapy are similar to psychoanalytic approaches in that they emphasize

A) the role of biological drives shaping the personality.
B) past relationships and experiences.
C) the positive aspects of human nature.
D) the importance of gainingsightto one's behaviour

Question 24

In the course of her psychoanalysis, Helen felt increasingly attracted to her therapist, who began to remind her of her late father. She often tried to please him and make him proud of her as she had done with her father. Helen's behaviour illustrates the process of

A) unconditional acceptance.
B) transference
C) fusion.
D) abreaction.

Question 25

For which of the following types of people is psychoanalysis not suitable?

A) Catatonic schizophrenics
B) Those who are not severely disturbed
C) Those who areterested extensive self-exploration
D) People of average or highertelligence

Question 26

People undergoing psychoanalysis sometimes come to love or hate their therapist. Freud believed this was part of the therapeutic process, and called it

A) conflict of affect.
B) projection.
C) overcoming resistance.
D) transference

Question 27

If the climate of the person-centred session is correctly established, it will, according to Rogers,

A) foster thetellectual challenge necessary for criticalsight and change.
B) lead to the realization of the client's natural tendency toward growth
C) promote a positive relationship between therapist and client and thus uncover their repressed feelings.
D) create the space which the client can challenge their own behaviours and learn how to be different.

Question 28

Which of the following do psychoanalysts think are an especially good source of clues about unconscious desires and motives?

A) Dreams
B) Preferences art, music, and literature
C) Spontaneous gestures
D) Habitually used defence mechanisms

Question 29

According to psychoanalysts, what is used in dreams to disguise the true meaning?

A) Symbolism
B) Selective forgetting
C) Transference
D) Projection

Question 30

The client-centred therapy of Carl Rogers and the Gestalt therapy of Fritz Perls are described as

A) psychoanalytic therapies.
B) cognitive therapies.
C) humanistic therapies
D) behaviouristic therapies.

Question 31

Ingrid is receiving psychoanalytic therapy. She hesitates and becomes visibly upset as she comes close to recognizing a repressed motive underlying her behaviour. This is an example of

A) abreaction.
B) blocking.
C) transference.
D) resistance

Question 32

Critics of traditional psychoanalysis say that it

A) is most suitable for the severely disturbed.
B) requires patients to take too little responsibility for their behaviour and their choices
C) pays too little attention to the past.
D) overemphasizes the conscious.

Question 33

For a psychoanalyst the hesitation, stumbling, and visible unrest that accompanies resistance is important because

A) it exposes the emotional importance of what is being discussed
B) it shows that the patient is lying.
C) it reveals the basic motivation of the patient.
D) it signals that the therapy is nearly over.

Question 34

The climate of a person-centred therapy session needs to be

A) judgmental and directive.
B) intellectually stimulating and critical.
C) neutral and unbiased.
D) warm and accepting

Question 35

Today in psychoanalysis, the therapist

A) is much more passive than the past.
B) stresses Freud's original ideas.
C) and the patient decide on the issues to explore at the outset of treatment
D) places emphasis on the past rather than the present.

Question 36

Which of the following suggested that only three things were needed of the therapist: unconditional positive regard, genuine feelings, and empathy?

A) Albert Ellis
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Aaron Beck
D) Carl Rogers

Question 37

The type of therapy developed by Carl Rogers is

A) existential therapy.
B) person-centred therapy
C) Gestalt therapy.
D) attributional therapy.

Question 38

Which of the following statements about traditional psychoanalysis is false?

A) It is effective treating severely disturbed people
B) It is often long and costly.
C) It is designed for use with educated, highly verbal persons.
D) It is suitable for patientsterested extensive self-exploration.

Question 39

What is meant by "non-directive therapy"?

A) The direction and focus of the therapy is determined by the client
B) The therapy is without any focus.
C) The therapist receives as much from the encounter as the client.
D) The therapy has been unsuccessful.

Question 40

Jacques experiences hatred toward his psychoanalyst that is very similar to the feelings he had toward his father. This expression of hatred toward the analyst is an example of

A) transference
B) free association.
C) repression.
D) resistance.

Question 41

Which of the following is one of the four types of problems on which interpersonal therapy focuses?

A) Difficulty adjusting to a change of role, like divorce or retirement
B) A high score on the stress scale
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) Hallucinations

Question 42

Which type of therapy emphasizes unconditional acceptance of the client, a high level of empathy, and genuine interest in the client?

A) Psychoanalytic therapy
B) Rational-emotive therapy
C) Person-centred therapy
D) Gestalt therapy

Question 43

Gestalt therapy emphasizes the importance of clients' fully experiencing

A) in the present moment, their feelings, thoughts, and actions
B) the insights gained from transference analysis.
C) desensitization and flooding effects to ensuresights.
D) self-actualization.

Question 44

Ben has a therapist who seems caring and accepting of everything about him. The therapist displays the quality of

A) genuineness.
B) unconditional positive regard
C) empathy.
D) sympathy.

Question 45

Chris is in counselling with a therapist who never gives him advice or directions but who often restates what Chris has said so that he can reflect on his feelings. What type of therapist is Chris seeing?

A) Person-centred
B) Behavioural
C) Cognitive
D) Psychoanalytic

Question 46

A basic principle of person-centred therapy is that the therapist must

A) be emotionally challenging.
B) not direct the course of therapy
C) supply answers when the client asks.
D) determine the course of therapy.

Question 47

What is the nondirective therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which the therapist creates a warm, accepting climate based on the hypothesis that the client's natural tendency toward positive change may be released?

A) Psychoanalytic therapy
B) Person-centred therapy
C) Gestalt therapy
D) Existential therapy

Question 48

Raymond is in a group therapy session with Fritz Perls. He is talking to a vacant chair, saying all the things he wishes he could say to his father, but can never get up the courage. When he is finished talking to the vacant chair, what is the next step?

A) He returns to his original position and listens to the group comment on his performance.
B) Another person talks to the vacant chair, giving their view of Raymond's problem.
C) Perls would critique the performance and ask others to comment on what Raymond had said.
D) He sits the vacant chair and responds as if he were his father

Question 49

The brief psychotherapy designed to help depressed individuals cope with specific problems encountered in their depression is known as

A) systematic desensitization.
B) Gestalt therapy.
C) interpersonal therapy
D) brief psychodynamic therapy.

Question 50

All of the following are goals of Gestalt therapy, except

A) helping clients become more authentic and self-accepting.
B) helping clients uncover repressed memories and impulses
C) helping clients assume personal responsibility for their lives.
D) helping clients achieve a moretegrated self.

Question 51

The ultimate goal for Gestalt therapy is to help clients

A) achieve a moretegrated self and become more authentic and self-accepting
B) adjust to life with the problems they have.
C) make a significant psychological breakthrough and be cured of their problems.
D) focus on the fact that most of their issues are the fault of other people, who need to know what they have done.

Question 52

Interpersonal therapy approaches a person who has experienced an unusual or severe response to the death of a loved one by

A) telling them how to express themselves, and then giving them the opportunity to do it.
B) helping them to focus on other parts of life and move away from their feelings of pain.
C) helping them release strong negative feelings
D) flooding them with images of the deceased, to push them through the blocked grief.

Question 53

Person-entered therapy is ________; Gestalt therapy is ________.

A) non-directive; directive
B) directive; non-directive
C) non-directive; non-directive
D) directive; directive

Question 54

Empathetic understanding on the part of the therapist is emphasized most in

A) psychodynamically based therapy.
B) person-centred therapy
C) Gestalt therapy.
D) rational-emotive therapy.

Question 55

Which of the following is not a key ingredient of the form of psychotherapy advocated by Carl Rogers?

A) Achieving fusion between therapist and client
B) A high level of empathy with the client
C) Unconditional acceptance of the client
D) Exhibiting genuineterest, and concern for, the client

Question 56

Raymond is in a group therapy session with Fritz Perls. He is talking to a vacant chair, saying all the things he wishes he could say to his father, but can never get up the courage. This technique is called

A) invisible person.
B) letting out the repressed.
C) centre speaking.
D) empty chair

Question 57

What type of therapy places the primary emphasis on helping clients get in touch with their current feelings?

A) Behaviour therapy
B) Rational-emotive therapy
C) Gestalt therapy
D) Existential therapy

Question 58

Which therapy discussed in the text emphasizes the importance of clients fully experiencing, in the present moment, their feelings, thoughts, and actions, and then taking responsibility for both their feelings and their behaviour.

A) interpersonal therapy
B) Group therapy
C) Person-Centred therapy
D) Gestalt therapy

Question 59

Person-centred therapy is best described as

A) non-directive
B) objective.
C) structured.
D) confrontational.

Question 60

What is the directive therapy that emphasizes the importance of the client fully experiencing, in the present moment, his or her thoughts, feelings, and actions?

A) Psychoanalytic therapy
B) Person-centred therapy
C) Existential therapy
D) Gestalt therapy

Question 61

Which of the following types of groups is often not led by a trained, professional therapist?

A) Self-help groups
B) Psychodrama
C) Family therapy
D) Existential therapy

Question 62

According to behaviour therapists, people seek therapy for two reasons, one of which is

A) they seek to fulfill their potential as human beings.
B) they never learned the appropriate behaviour the first place
C) they had acquired faulty thinking processes.
D) they want to understand theirner drives more completely.

Question 63

A behaviour therapist would be most likely to define the problem of a person who stutters as

A) cognitive dissonance.
B) the stuttering itself
C) low self-esteem.
D) an unresolved conflict.

Question 64

In psychodrama, for you to play the part of the person who is a problem in your life is called

A) role reversal
B) transference.
C) the empty chair technique.
D) mirroring.

Question 65

The primary focus of behaviour therapy is on

A) repressed feelings and desires.
B) teaching adaptive behaviours to the patient
C) inadequate self-expression.
D) the patient's underlying personality problems.

Question 66

When an individual acts out his or her problem relationships, with other members of the group playing the significant parts, the therapy is called

A) psychodrama
B) Gestalt therapy.
C) token economy.
Dterpersonal therapy.

Question 67

The main goal of behaviour therapy is to

A) change the maladaptive behaviour
B) change the patient's underlying personality structure.
C) find the origin of the maladaptive behaviour.
D) change the environmental stimuli causing the behaviour.

Question 68

A basic assumption underlying the various behaviour therapies is that psychological disorder is the result of

A) failure to achieve self-actualization.
B) faulty learning
C) unresolved unconscious conflict.
D) low self-esteem.

Question 69

Which of the following clients would be least likely to benefit from interpersonal therapy?

A) Jane, who feels she is stagnating and not growing as a person
B) Peggy, who has an unusually prolonged and severe grief after the death of her father
C) Robert, who is having a difficult time adjusting to divorce
D) Benjamin and Florence, whose marital difficultiesvolve disagreements about the proper roles for men and women within a marriage

Question 70

Which of the following is not true concerning family therapy?

A) The family must be viewed as a unit with its own dynamics.
B) Family therapy is for each group member and the group itself.
C) Family therapy mustvolve all the family members each session
D) Family therapy can be beneficial treating families with alcoholic parents.

Question 71

The goals for family therapy include all the following except

A) locating the cause for the family problems one of the members
B) improving communication patterns.
C) helping the family reach agreement on certain changes that may help the family.
D) helping the family to heal the wounds of the family unit.

Question 72

Groups that claim to provide an opportunity for personal growth and self-knowledge by engaging in strong emotional interactions with other group members are called

A) encounter groups
B) systematic desensitizations.
C) psychodramas.
D) Gestalt groups.

Question 73

Which of the following is a true statement about behaviour therapy?

A) It focuses on the origin of the problem behaviour.
B) It is a non-directive therapy.
C) It views the problem behaviour as the disorder
D) It strives for change the total personality structure.

Question 74

Which depressed person would be least likely to be helped by interpersonal therapy (IPT)?

A) Sharon, who was sexually abused by her father
B) Antonio, who feels isolated and alone because he has difficulty making friends
C) Kirk, who is unable to accept the death of his wife
D) Marita, who has been depressed since she was forced to retire

Question 75

For what disorder is interpersonal theory (IPT) most effective?

A) Bipolar
B) Schizophrenia
C) Depression
D) Anxiety

Question 76

Which of the following therapies relies heavily on principles of conditioning and observational learning?

A) Gestalt therapy
B) Psychoanalytical therapy
C) Behavioural therapy
D) Person-centred therapy

Question 77

According to the behavioural therapists, many of our distressing psychological problems result from

A) learning experiences which taught us a maladaptive behaviour
B) faulty logic and simple needs to be reconditioned.
C) interactions with our parents, causingtra-psychic wounding.
D) genetic or biochemical processes which are not normative.

Question 78

Each of the following is a goal of interpersonal therapy, except helping the patient to

A) find ways to reduce stress at home and at work.
B) gain unconditional positive regard from family members
C) find solutions to currentterpersonal problems.
D) develop betterterpersonal skills to sustain relationships.

Question 79

Which of the following is not true of group therapy?

A) It allows people to get feedback from other members.
B) It is not conducted by trained therapists
C) It is less expensive thandividual therapy.
D) It allowsdividuals to receive help and support from other members.

Question 80

Behaviour therapists are more interested than psychodynamic therapists in

A) the underlying meaning of symptoms.
B) patterns of reward and punishment
C) unresolved conflicts.
D) past experiences.