Deck 2: The Components of Matter

Question 1

Who is credited with discovering the atomic nucleus?

A) Dalton
B) Gay-Lussac
C) Thomson
D) Millikan
E) Rutherford

Answer 1

Rutherford

Question 2

Who is credited with first measuring the charge of the electron?

A) Dalton
B) Gay-Lussac
C) Thomson
D) Millikan
E) Rutherford

Answer 2

Millikan

Question 3

Bromine has two naturally-occurring isotopes. ⁷⁹Br has a mass of 78.9 amu and accounts for 50.3% of bromine atoms. If the atomic mass of bromine is 79.9 amu, what is the mass of an atom of the second bromine isotope?

A) 77.9 amu
B) 80.0 amu
C) 80.1 amu
D) 80.9 amu
E) 88.9 amu

Answer 3

80.9 amu

Question 4

What are the approximate carbon:hydrogen mass ratios in methane (CH₄) and ethyne (C₂H₂)?

A) 1:4 and 1:1
B) 3:2 and 6:1
C) 3:1 and 12:1
D) 3:2 and 12:1
E) 3:1 and 6:1

Question 5

Millikan's oil-drop experiment

A) established the charge on an electron.
B) showed that all oil drops carried the same charge.
C) provided support for the nuclear model of the atom.
D) suggested that some oil drops carried fractional numbers of electrons.
E) suggested the presence of a neutral particle in the atom.

Question 6

The chemical symbol for potassium is

A) P.
B) Po.
C) Pt.
D) Pm.
E) K.

Question 7

In a Millikan oil-drop experiment, the charges on several different oil drops were as follows: -5.92; -4.44; -2.96; -8.88. The units are arbitrary. What is the likely value of the electronic charge in these arbitrary units?

A) -1.11
B) -1.48
C) -2.22
D) -2.96
E) -5.55

Question 8

Kaolinite, a clay mineral with the formula Al₄Si₄O₁₀(OH)₈, is used as a filler in slick-paper for magazines and as a raw material for ceramics. Analysis shows that 14.35 g of kaolinite contains 8.009 g of oxygen. Calculate the mass percent of oxygen in kaolinite.

A) 1.792 mass %
B) 24.80 mass %
C) 30.81 mass %
D) 34.12 mass %
E) 55.81 mass %

Question 9

An isotope of which of the following elements is chosen as a standard in measuring atomic mass?

A) carbon
B) oxygen
C) hydrogen
D) neon
E) helium

Question 10

When an atom is represented by the symbol , the value of A is the

A) number of neutrons in the atom.
B) number of protons in the atom.
C) atomic mass of the element.
D) total number of electrons and neutrons in the atom.
E) total number of protons and neutrons in the atom.

Question 11

Atoms X, Y, Z, and R have the following nuclear compositions: Which two are isotopes?

A) X & Y
B) X & R
C) Y & R
D) Z & R
E) X & Z

Question 12

Lithium forms compounds which are used in dry cells and storage batteries and in high-temperature lubricants. It has two naturally occurring isotopes, ⁶Li (isotopic mass = 6.015121 amu) and ⁷Li (isotopic mass = 7.016003 amu). Lithium has an atomic mass of 6.9409 amu. What is the percent abundance of lithium-6?

A) 92.50%
B) 86.66%
C) 46.16%
D) 7.503%
E) 6.080%

Question 13

Bromine is the only nonmetal that is a liquid at room temperature. Consider the isotope bromine-81, . Select the combination which lists the correct atomic number, neutron number, and mass number, respectively.

A) 35, 46, 81
B) 35, 81, 46
C) 81, 46, 35
D) 46, 81, 35
E) 35, 81, 116

Question 14

Rutherford bombarded gold foil with alpha () particles and found that a small percentage of the particles were deflected. Which of the following was not accounted for by the model he proposed for the structure of atoms?

A) the small size of the nucleus
B) the charge on the nucleus
C) the total mass of the atom
D) the existence of protons
E) the presence of electrons outside the nucleus

Question 15

One amu is defined as

A) the mass of a proton.
B) 1/12 the mass of an atom of .
C) the mass of an atom of .
D) 1/20 the mass of an atom of .
E) 1/16 the mass of an atom of .

Question 16

Which one of the following statements about atoms and subatomic particles is correct?

A) Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus by bombarding gold foil with electrons.
B) The proton and the neutron have identical masses.
C) The neutron's mass is equal to that of a proton plus an electron.
D) A neutral atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons.
E) An atomic nucleus contains equal numbers of protons and neutrons.

Question 17

J. J. Thomson studied cathode ray particles (electrons) and was able to measure the mass/charge ratio. His results showed that

A) the mass/charge ratio varied with as the cathode material was changed.
B) the charge was always a whole-number multiple of some minimum charge.
C) matter included particles much smaller than the atom.
D) atoms contained dense areas of positive charge.
E) atoms are largely empty space.

Question 18

In the modern periodic table, the order in which the elements are placed is based on

A) atomic mass.
B) mass number.
C) atomic number.
D) atomic size.
E) chemical reactivity.

Question 19

Which of the following symbols does not represent an element?

A) O₂
B) Co
C) HF
D) Cs
E) Xe

Question 20

Who is credited with measuring the mass/charge ratio of the electron?

A) Dalton
B) Gay-Lussac
C) Thomson
D) Millikan
E) Rutherford

Question 21

The compound, BaO, absorbs water and carbon dioxide readily and is used to dry gases and organic solvents. What is its name?

A) barium oxide
B) barium(II) oxide
C) barium monoxide
D) baric oxide
E) barium peroxide

Question 22

Which of the following ions occurs commonly?

A) N³⁺
B) S⁶⁺
C) O^2-
D) Ca⁺
E) Cl⁺

Question 23

A column of the periodic table is called a

A) group.
B) period.
C) isotopic mixture.
D) pillar.
E) shell.

Question 24

Sodium oxide combines violently with water. Which of the following gives the formula and the bonding for sodium oxide?

A) NaO, ionic compound
B) NaO, covalent compound
C) Na₂O, ionic compound
D) Na₂O, covalent compound
E) Na₂O₂, ionic compound

Question 25

Which of the following is a metalloid?

A) carbon, C, Z = 6
B) sulfur, S, Z = 16
C) germanium, Ge, Z = 32
D) iridium, Z = 77
E) bromine, Br, Z = 35

Question 26

A row of the periodic table is called a

A) group.
B) period.
C) isotopic mixture.
D) family.
E) subshell.

Question 27

Which of the following is a non-metal?

A) lithium, Li, Z = 3
B) bromine, Br, Z = 35
C) mercury, Hg, Z = 80
D) bismuth, Bi, Z = 83
E) sodium, Na, Z = 11

Question 28

Which, if any, of the following elements do not occur in the major classes of organic compounds?

A) H
B) C
C) N
D) O
E) All the above elements occur in the major classes of organic compounds.

Question 29

Which of the following is a metal?

A) nitrogen, N, Z = 7
B) phosphorus, P, Z = 15
C) arsenic, Z = 33
D) thallium, Tl, Z = 81
E) silicon, Si, Z = 14

Question 30

After an atom has lost an electron it becomes a/an ______ and has a _______ charge.

A) anion, positive
B) isotope, negative
C) anion, negative
D) cation, positive
E) nucleus, positive

Question 31

Which of the following compounds is ionic?

A) PF₃
B) CS₂
C) HCl
D) SO₂
E) MgCl₂

Question 32

Which of the following elements are the least reactive?

A) alkali metals
B) noble gases
C) halogens
D) alkaline earth metals
E) metalloids

Question 33

Which of the following is the empirical formula for hexane, C₆H₁₄?

A) C₁₂H₂₈
B) C₆H₁₄
C) C₃H₇
D) CH_2.3
E) C_0.43H

Question 34

Which of the following ions occurs commonly?

A) P³⁺
B) Br⁷⁺
C) O⁶⁺
D) Ca²⁺
E) K^-

Question 35

Which one of the following groups does not contain any metals?

A) C, S, As, H
B) Cu, P, Se, Kr
C) N, Ne, Nd, Np
D) Xe, Hg, Ge, O
E) Cl, Al, Si, Ar

Question 36

The colorless substance, MgF₂, is used in the ceramics and glass industry. What is its name?

A) magnesium difluoride
B) magnesium fluoride
C) magnesium(II) fluoride
D) monomagnesium difluoride
E) none of the above, since they are all misspelled

Question 37

Which of the following compounds is covalent?

A) CaCl₂
B) MgO
C) Al₂O₃
D) Cs₂S
E) PCl₃

Question 38

Barium fluoride is used in embalming and in glass manufacturing. Which of the following gives the formula and bonding for barium fluoride?

A) BaF₂, ionic compound
B) BaF₂, covalent compound
C) BaF, ionic compound
D) BaF, covalent compound
E) Ba₂F, ionic compound

Question 39

Select the incorrect statement about elements and compounds.

A) All ionic compounds are neutral.
B) Some elements exist as molecules.
C) The bonding in compounds may be covalent or ionic.
D) The molecular formula of a compound provides more information than the structural formula.
E) Among the elements, there are more metals than non-metals.

Question 40

What is the chemical symbol for the group 6A (16) element that lies in period 4?

A) Cr
B) Hf
C) W
D) Ti
E) Se

Question 41

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas of ions is incorrect?

A) O^2- oxide
B) Cd²⁺ cadmium
C) ClO₃^- chlorate
D) HCO₃^- hydrogen carbonate
E) NO₂^- nitrate

Question 42

A red glaze on porcelain can be produced by using MnSO₄. What is its name?

A) manganese disulfate
B) manganese(II) sulfate
C) manganese(IV) sulfate
D) manganese sulfate
E) manganese(I) sulfate

Question 43

Which one of the following is a polyatomic cation?

A) nitrate
B) chromate
C) permanganate
D) hydronium
E) potassium

Question 44

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas of ions is incorrect?

A) NH₄⁺ ammonium
B) S^2- sulfide
C) CN^- cyanide
D) S₂O₃^2- thiosulfate
E) ClO₃^- perchlorate

Question 45

Sodium peroxide is an oxidizer used to bleach animal and vegetable fibers. What is its formula?

A) NaO
B) NaO₂
C) Na₂O₂
D) Na₂O
E) NaH₂O₂

Question 46

Zinc acetate is used in preserving wood and in manufacturing glazes for porcelain. What is its formula?

A) ZnAc₂
B) ZnCH₃COO
C) Zn(CH₃COO)₂
D) Zn₂CH₃COO
E) ZnCH₃COCH₃

Question 47

The compound, NaH₂PO₄, is present in many baking powders. What is its name?

A) sodium biphosphate
B) sodium hydrogen phosphate
C) sodium dihydrogen phosphate
D) sodium hydrophosphate
E) sodium dihydride phosphate

Question 48

Barium sulfate is used in manufacturing photographic paper. What is its formula?

A) BaSO₄
B) Ba(SO₄)₂
C) Ba₂SO₄
D) Ba₂(SO₄)₃
E) BaSO₃

Question 49

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas of ions is incorrect?

A) Ba²⁺ barium
B) S^2- sulfate
C) CN^- cyanide
D) ClO₄^- perchlorate
E) HCO₃^- bicarbonate

Question 50

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas of ions is incorrect?

A) O₂^- oxide
B) Al³⁺ aluminum
C) NO₃^- nitrate
D) PO₄^3- phosphate
E) CrO₄^2- chromate

Question 51

What is the formula for lead (II) oxide?

A) PbO
B) PbO₂
C) Pb₂O
D) PbO₄
E) Pb₂O₃

Question 52

Ferric oxide is used as a pigment in metal polishing. Which of the following is its formula?

A) FeO
B) Fe₂O
C) FeO₃
D) Fe₂O₅
E) Fe₂O₃

Question 53

The substance, KClO₃, is a strong oxidizer used in explosives, fireworks, and matches. What is its name?

A) potassium chlorite
B) potassium chloride
C) potassium(I) chlorite
D) potassium(I) chlorate
E) potassium chlorate

Question 54

The substance, CoCl₂, is useful as a humidity indicator because it changes from pale blue to pink as it gains water from moist air. What is its name?

A) cobalt dichloride
B) cobalt(II) chloride
C) cobalt chloride
D) cobaltic chloride
E) copper(II) chloride

Question 55

What is the name of Na₂O?

A) disodium monoxide
B) sodium monoxide
C) sodium dioxide
D) sodium(I) oxide
E) sodium oxide

Question 56

In the ionic compound with the general formula M₂X₃, the likely charge on X is

A) +1.
B) +3.
C) -1.
D) -2.
E) -3.

Question 57

What is the formula for magnesium sulfide?

A) MgS
B) MgS₂
C) Mg₂S
D) Mg₂S₃
E) MgSO₄

Question 58

Silver chloride is used in photographic emulsions. What is its formula?

A) Ag₂Cl₃
B) Ag₂Cl
C) AgCl₃
D) AgCl₂
E) AgCl

Question 59

The substance, CaSe, is used in materials which are electron emitters. What is its name?

A) calcium monoselenide
B) calcium(II) selenide
C) calcium selenide
D) calcium(I) selenide
E) calcium(II) selenium

Question 60

The compound, (NH₄)₂S, can be used in analysis for trace amounts of metals present in a sample. What is its name?

A) ammonium sulfide
B) diammonium sulfide
C) ammonium sulfite
D) ammonia(I) sulfite
E) ammonium(I) sulfide

Question 61

What is the name of PCl₃?

A) phosphorus chloride
B) phosphoric chloride
C) phosphorus trichlorate
D) trichlorophosphide
E) phosphorus trichloride

Question 62

What is the name of the acid formed when HCN gas is dissolved in water?

A) cyanic acid
B) hydrocyanic acid
C) cyanous acid
D) hydrocyanous acid
E) hydrogen cyanide

Question 63

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas is incorrect?

A) H₃PO₄ phosphoric acid
B) HNO₃ nitric acid
C) NaHCO₃ sodium carbonate
D) H₂CO₃ carbonic acid
E) KOH potassium hydroxide

Question 64

What is the name of P₄Se₃?

A) phosphorus selenide
B) phosphorus triselenide
C) tetraphosphorus selenide
D) phosphoric selenide
E) tetraphosphorus triselenide

Question 65

Diiodine pentaoxide is used as an oxidizing agent that converts carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. What is its chemical formula?

A) I₂O₅
B) IO₅
C) 2IO₅
D) I₅O₂
E) (IO₅)₂

Question 66

Which one of the following formulas of ionic compounds is the least likely to be correct?

A) CaCl₂
B) NaSO₄
C) MgCO₃
D) KF
E) Cu(NO₃)₂

Question 67

The compound, P₄S₁₀, is used in the manufacture of safety matches. What is its name?

A) phosphorus sulfide
B) phosphoric sulfide
C) phosphorus decasulfide
D) tetraphosphorus decasulfide
E) phosphorus pentasulfide

Question 68

What is the name of IF₇?

A) iodine fluoride
B) iodic fluoride
C) iodine heptafluoride
D) heptafluoroiodide
E) heptafluorine iodide

Question 69

What is the name of the acid formed when H₂S gas is dissolved in water?

A) sulfuric acid
B) sulfurous acid
C) hydrosulfuric acid
D) hydrosulfurous acid
E) sulfidic acid

Question 70

Calcium hydroxide is used in mortar, plaster, and cement. What is its formula?

A) CaOH
B) CaOH₂
C) Ca₂OH
D) Ca(OH)₂
E) CaHO₂

Question 71

Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate is used as a coagulant for sewage and industrial wastes. What is its formula?

A) Fe(Cl6H₂O)₃
B) Fe₃Cl6H₂O
C) FeCl₃(H₂O)₆
D) Fe₃Cl(H₂O)₆
E) FeCl₃6H₂O

Question 72

What is the formula for lithium nitrite?

A) LiNO₂
B) Li₂NO₂
C) LiNO₃
D) Li₂NO₃
E) LiNO₄

Question 73

What is the name of the acid formed when HClO₄ liquid is dissolved in water?

A) hydrochloric acid
B) perchloric acid
C) chloric acid
D) chlorous acid
E) hydrochlorate acid

Question 74

What is the name of the acid formed when HBr gas is dissolved in water?

A) bromic acid
B) bromous acid
C) hydrobromic acid
D) hydrobromous acid
E) hydrobromidic acid

Question 75

Tetrasulfur dinitride decomposes explosively when heated. What is its formula?

A) S₂N₄
B) S₄N₂
C) 4SN₂
D) S₄N
E) S₂N

Question 76

Chlorine dioxide is a strong oxidizer that is used for bleaching flour and textiles and for purification of water. What is its formula?

A) (ClO)₂
B) Cl₂O
C) Cl₂O₂
D) Cl₂O₄
E) ClO₂

Question 77

What is the name of BBr₃?

A) boron bromide
B) boric bromide
C) boron tribromide
D) tribromoboride
E) bromine triboride

Question 78

Which one of the following formulas of ionic compounds is the least likely to be correct?

A) NH₄Cl
B) Ba(OH)₂
C) Na₂SO₄
D) Ca₂NO₃
E) Cu(CN)₂

Question 79

Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizer that reacts explosively with easily oxidized materials. What is its formula?

A) KMnO₃
B) KMnO₄
C) K₂MnO₄
D) K(MnO₄)₂
E) K₂Mn₂O₇

Question 80

The name for HF(g) is

A) hydrofluoric acid.
B) hydrogen(I) fluoride.
C) hydrogen fluoride.
D) hydrogen fluorine.
E) fluoric acid.