Deck 9: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

Which of the following is not suggested in the instinct theory of motivation?

A) The motivation is shared by all members of the species.
B) Motivation is unlearned.
C) Motivation develops shortly after birth
D) Motivation isnate.

Answer 1

Motivation develops shortly after birth

Question 2

Which of the following refers to the process that initiates, directs, and sustains behaviour in order to satisfy physiological and psychological needs?

A) Reflexes
B) Motivation
C) Emotion
D) Rewards

Answer 2

Motivation

Question 3

Motivation is a process that does all of the following except

A) directing behaviour.
B) sustaining behaviour.
C) initiating behaviour.
D) teaching behaviour

Answer 3

teaching behaviour

Question 4

Which of the following is not true of instincts?

A) They are unlearned.
B) They are characteristic of the entire species.
C) They improve with practice
D) They are fixed patterns of behaviour.

Question 5

Motives are

A) the outcome after a behaviour has occurred.
B) desires that energize and direct behaviour toward a goal
C) always consciously known by the person they are stimulating.
D) generated only fromternal needs.

Question 6

An incentive is

A) something over and above what actually motivates us.
B) something that pulls or entices us to act
C) a motive that comes fromside of us.
D) anternal reason for doing something.

Question 7

If an entire species exhibits the behaviour, and it is not learned, and it is present from birth, we can safely assume it is

A) anstinct
B) an unconscious motivator.
C) an extrinsically rewarded behaviour.
D) an emotional response.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes extrinsic motivation?

A) The desire to act order to get a paycrease
B) The desire to eat because of hunger
C) The desire to cry because of a feeling of sadness
D) The desire to study because you like psychology

Question 9

Intrinsically motivated behaviours are most likely to be reinforced by such things as

A) a feeling of accomplishment
B) fear of punishment.
C) expectation of later rewards.
D) avoidance of an unpleasant task.

Question 10

All of the following are examples of intrinsic motivation except

A) Charles gets great toy design ideas from his magazine subscription; he enjoys modifying and expanding them.
B) Debbie has always wanted to take up a hobby, so she bought a book on woodworking.
C) Bruce wants to score highest on the math test, because he knows that will earn him a sticker from his teacher
D) Allison reads history books because she finds them fascinating.

Question 11

All of the following are examples of extrinsic motivation except

A) Angie reads for 30 minutes each evening so she can stay up later.
B) Anne reads her psychology order to do well on her tests.
C) Bobby reads three books a week to win an award at school.
D) Yvette reads several books each month because reading is fun

Question 12

Which of the following views suggests that our biological needs give rise to unpleasant states of tension or arousal that push us into action?

A) instinct theory
B) Expectancy theory
C) Affiliation theory
D) Drive-reduction theory

Question 13

Which of the following terms do psychologists use to refer to activities people engage in for no reward except the pleasure of the activity itself?

A) Extrinsic motivation
B) Achievement motivation
C) Power motivation
D) intrinsic motivation

Question 14

Fritz, an entomologist, asserts that an insect species he has studied has an innate tendency to play dead in the dark. This pattern appears to be unlearned and universal to the species. Fritz is describing

A) a reflex.
B) a motive.
C) a classically conditioned response.
D) anstinct

Question 15

Which student is taking psychology out of intrinsic motivation?

A) Maggie is taking the course because it was offered at a convenient time.
B) Jamie is taking the course because he thinks it will raise his grade point average.
C) Alfredo is taking the course because he has always found the subjectteresting
D) Kim is taking the course to fulfill a core course requirement.

Question 16

Incentive is to motive as ________ is to ________.

A) internal; external
B) need; satisfaction
C) physical; desire
D) one aspect; the larger theory

Question 17

Biological needs arising within our bodies create unpleasant states of arousal which are reduced only when we engage in certain activities, according to

A) action theory.
B) reflex theory.
C) drive-reduction theory
Dstinct theory.

Question 18

The desire to perform behaviours largely because of the inherent pleasure they yield, rather than because of any hope of external reward, is

A) achievement motivation.
B) affiliation motivation.
C) power motivation.
D) intrinsic motivation

Question 19

Drive-reduction theory assumes that we usually eat to reduce or eliminate

A) unpleasant sensations
B) demands of external stimuli.
C) homeostasis.
D) the thought of food from our minds.

Question 20

Before psychologists attempted to explain behaviour in terms of motives, they sought to do so by means of

A) instincts
B) reflexes.
C) goals.
D) emotions.

Question 21

An internal condition of arousal that directs a person to satisfy a physiological need is called

A) a drive
B) expectancy.
C) a survival motive.
D) homeostatic deficiency.

Question 22

Which of the following is evidence in support of the stimulus motive in animals other than humans?

A) A rabbit building a nest
B) Hungry rats exploring a maze
C) A monkey playing with a mechanical puzzle
D) A songbird singing its song

Question 23

Hank's love of roller coasters and Lillian's love of horror movies are best explained by

A) drive-reduction theory.
B) achievement theory.
C) power theory.
D) arousal theory

Question 24

In its original form, drive-reduction theory focused primarily on which of the following needs and the drives they produce?

A) Psychological
B) Cognitive
C) Emotional
D) Biological

Question 25

Which of the following addresses the link between arousal and performance?

A) The Yerkes-Dodson law
B) Achievement need
C) instinctual theory of motivation
D) James-Lange theory

Question 26

When stimulation is too low, ________ cause us to increase stimulation.

A) arousal motives
B) stimulus motives
C) instinctual motives
D) reflexive motives

Question 27

Kim is preparing to take a calculus examination. Which of the following suggests that if she is very nervous, she will do poorly on this complex examination?

A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B) The need for achievement
C) instinctual theory of motivation
D) The Yerkes-Dodson law

Question 28

Behaviours which help the body maintain a balanced internal state or equilibrium are likely to be repeated according to which of these theories?

A) Drive-reduction theory
B) Expectancy theory
C) Achievement theory
Dstinct theory

Question 29

The motive to explore and the motive of curiosity are called

A) extrinsic motives.
B) stimulus motives
C) instincts.
D) social motives.

Question 30

According to drive-reduction theory, when you experience a particular drive state, you will be more and more likely to engage in actions that

A) are undriven.
B) reduce that drive
C) are energized by another, unrelated drive.
Dcrease that drive.

Question 31

Which of the following theories suggests that motivation is basically a process in which various biological needs push or drive us to actions designed to satisfy these biological needs?

A) intrinsic motivation theory
B) instinct theory
C) Expectancy theory
D) Drive-reduction theory

Question 32

When the body is physiologically balanced, it is said to be in a state of

A) homogeneity.
B) equanimity.
C) homeostasis
D) arousal.

Question 33

Josh spends countless hours surfing the internet. Which of the following theories would best explain his motivation to engage in this behaviour?

A) Extrinsic motivation theory
B) instinct theory
C) Arousal theory
D) Drive-reduction theory

Question 34

According to the text, some researchers claim that emotional feelings are negative when people are

A) overaroused.
B) either underaroused or overaroused
C) underaroused.
D) at optimal arousal.

Question 35

According to arousal theory, people seek

A) increased arousal.
B) minimal arousal.
C) decreased arousal.
D) optimal arousal

Question 36

Boredom is to __________ theory, as tension is to _____________ theory.

A) drive-reduction; arousal
B) drive-reduction;stinct
C) arousal; drive-reduction
D) arousal;stinct

Question 37

Joe finds he needs a certain amount of stimulation in his life. Too much stimulation causes him to become overstressed, while too little leaves him bored and unmotivated. Which of the following theories best explains Joe's situation

A) instinct theory
B) Self-actualization theory
C) Drive-reduction theory
D) Arousal theory

Question 38

While taking a psychology exam, Millie got up and shut the classroom door because of some noisy students in the hall. Which theory explains Millie's behaviour?

A) Homeostasis
B) Arousal theory
Cstinct theory
Dtrinsic motivation

Question 39

A state of homeostasis is necessary for

A) emotional balance.
B) achievement to be fulfilled.
C) motivation to occur.
D) physical survival

Question 40

The fact that organisms often engage in behaviours that increase rather than reduce tension contradicts

A) achievement theory.
B) arousal theory.
C) drive-reduction theory
D) expectancy theory.

Question 41

Rats soon become grossly obese when which of the following is destroyed?

A) The ventromedial hypothalamus
B) The lateral hypothalamus
C) The frontal lobe
D) The feeding centre

Question 42

According to the text, research indicates that prolonged sensory deprivation leads to

A) decreased motor abilities andcreased cognitive abilities.
B) improved abilities to focus attention.
C) irritability andability to concentrate
D) pleasant emotions.

Question 43

Which psychologist developed the concept of a hierarchy of needs?

A) Donald Hebb
B) David McClelland
C) Stanley Schachter
D) Abraham Maslow

Question 44

All of the following are esteem needs except

A) the need to gain respect from others.
B) the need to be accepted.
C) the need to love and be loved
D) the need to gain recognition from others.

Question 45

Acting as a centre to excite eating is the role of

A) the lateral hypothalamus
B) the passive hypothalamus.
C) the ventromedial hypothalamus.
D) the anterior hypothalamus.

Question 46

One type of thirst develops from a loss of fluid from the body tissues, which can be caused by all of the following except

A) diarrhea.
B) vomiting.
C) bleeding.
D) salty food

Question 47

When cells become dehydrated, we are stimulated to drink more water to restore our water volume as a result of the type of thirst called

A) extratissue thirst.
B) extracellular thirst.
C) intratissue thirst.
D) intracellular thirst

Question 48

What is the role of the ventromedial hypothalamus?

A) Controls attribution
B) Signals us to eat
C) Controls level of thirst
D) Acts as a satiety centre

Question 49

The longer we remain in a state of sensory deprivation, the more likely we are to

A) increase our ability to concentrate.
B) have hallucinations
C) establish a satisfying, relaxed feeling.
D) restore our energy levels.

Question 50

The stomach stretches to hold ________ when full.

A) 1.2 litres
B) 0.5 litres
C) 3.0 litres
D) 0.9 grams

Question 51

The body cells lose water and become dehydrated when an individual

A) has diarrhea or vomiting.
B) drinks too much alcohol.
C) perspires heavily.
D) consumes too much salt

Question 52

Which of the following is considered to be one of the difficulties with Maslow's theory?

A) He does not attribute ages or stages to any of his levels.
B) Some people will ignore lower level needs, such as safety, for higher level needs such as recognition
C) He offers no explanation for the motivation to achieve extraordinary things.
D) His theory is not comparable to other popular theories of behaviour.

Question 53

Theresa went to the movies and ate some very salty popcorn. Afterward, she was quite thirsty. The thirst she experienced was most likely

A) extratissue thirst.
B) intracellular thirst
C) extracellular thirst.
Dtratissue thirst.

Question 54

The lateral hypothalamus (LH) acts as a ________ centre; the ventromedial hypothalamus (VH) acts as a ________ centre

A) satiety; satiety
B) satiety; feeding
C) feeding; satiety
D) feeding; feeding

Question 55

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following would need to be satisfied before a person would try to satisfy esteem needs?

A) safety, belonging and self-actualization needs
B) physiological, safety and self-actualization needs
C) physiological, protection and living needs
D) physiological, safety and belonging and love needs

Question 56

Which of the following are the most basic needs, according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) Physiological needs
B) Love and belonging needs
C) The need for self-actualization
D) Safety and security needs

Question 57

According to Maslow, the need to realize our full potential, or to "be all that we can be," is the main focus of which of the following?

A) Love and belonging needs.
B) Esteem needs.
C) The need for self-actualization
D) Safety and security needs.

Question 58

Peter Suedfeld found that his method of sensory deprivation, called REST, was able to

A) develop a new awareness of the roles of sensory experiences for humans.
B) help people gain control over addictions
C) promote healthier attitudes about environmental noises.
D) produce hallucinations people faster than the earlier developed methods.

Question 59

The condition in which sensory stimulation is reduced to a minimum or eliminated is called

A) stimulus reduction.
B) sensory deprivation
C) sensory reduction.
D) stimulus deprivation.

Question 60

Peter Suedfeld developed an alternate form of sensory deprivation calle

A) relief of external sources of tension.
B) relieve early stimulation test.
C) restrictive environmental stimulation
D) relax, enjoy, sensory tune-out.

Question 61

Which factor is mostly responsible for how fast your body burns calories to produce energy?

A) Metabolic rate
B) Eating habits
C) Fat cells
D) Calories consumed

Question 62

Which of the following is one of the body's satiety signals?

A) Cholecystokinin
B) Highsulin levels
C) Stomach contractions
D) Low blood levels of glucose

Question 63

What is the role of insulin?

A) It decreases our sensation of hunger.
B) It helps the body produce sugars.
C) It helps the body convert glucose to energy
D) It is the gastrointestinal hormone.

Question 64

Which of the following factors in obesity is not inherited?

A) The resting metabolic rate
B) Childhood eating behaviour
C) The tendency to store surplus energy as muscle or fat
D) The pattern of fat distribution on the body

Question 65

How fast or slow your body burns calories to produce energy depends on

A) how much you eat.
B) your metabolic rate
C) your fat cells.
D) your set point.

Question 66

Which of the following appears to be a genetic factor involved in controlling one's weight?

A) Metabolic rate
B) Sensitivity to external factors
C) Chewing rate
D) Stomach size

Question 67

Which of the following is a hunger signal?

A) A distended (full) stomach
B) Highsulin levels
C) High glucose levels the blood
D) CCK the blood

Question 68

Stomach contractions (hunger pangs) may not be necessary in the perception of hunger because researchers found that

A) hunger is a physical process, and thus perception is notvolved.
B) people become hungry before stomach contractions start to happen.
C) humans continue to experience hunger even when they have had their stomach removed
D) hunger pangs are not real.

Question 69

In order to survive, women need

A) slightly more body fat than men.
B) the same percentage of body fat as men.
C) slightly less body fat than men.
D) considerably more body fat than men

Question 70

All of the following are hunger signals except

A) stomach contractions.
B) CCK the blood
C) activity the lateral hypothalamus.
D) highsulin levels the cells.

Question 71

When the brain receives the message that blood levels of glucose are low, then

A) the person feels satiated.
B) the person no longer feels thirsty.
C) hunger is stimulated
D) thirst is stimulated.

Question 72

All of the following are satiety signals except

A) high glucose levels the blood.
B) a distended (full) stomach.
C) highsulin levels the blood
D) activity ventromedial hypothalamus.

Question 73

Which types of food can stimulate the human appetite?

A) Tart and low fat
B) Sweet and sour
C) Sweet and high fat
D) Spicy and creamy

Question 74

Compared to those with a lower metabolic rate, persons with high metabolic rate

A) gain much more weight eating the same amount of food.
B) can eat much more without gaining weight
C) are more prone to obesity.
D) have probably been dieting for longer periods.

Question 75

Which of the following is a hunger signal?

A) Lowsulin level
B) CCK the blood
C) Low glucose level the blood
D) High glucose level the blood

Question 76

Which of the following is not an external influence for humans feeling hungry?

A) The hands of the clock
B) Thinking about food
C) The company of other people eating
D) Sight and smell of food

Question 77

In order to survive, men need

A) slightly more body fat than women.
B) considerably more body fat than women.
C) considerably less body fat than women
D) the same percentage of body fat as women.

Question 78

The appearance of food, the odour of food cooking and even the sight of others eating are cues that trigger insulin release and thus overeating in

A) people overly responsive toternal cues.
B) people who aresensitive to external cues.
C) people who aresensitive toternal cues.
D) people overly responsive to external cues

Question 79

In order for a woman's reproductive system to function properly, she must maintain

A) 20 percent body fat
B) no body fat.
C) 30 percent body fat.
D) 12 percent body fat.

Question 80

The pace at which the body burns calories to produce energy is called the

A) fat-cell thermostat.
B) metabolic rate
C) weight set point.
Dsulin utilization curve.