Deck 13: Health, Stress, and Coping.

Question 1

A century ago, people primarily died from

A) infectious diseases and accidents.
B) lifestyle diseases.
C) suicide and war.
D) malnutrition.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Health psychology is best defined as the

A) study of the ways that cognitive and behavioral principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health.
B) use of psychological principles and research methods to solve practical problems.
C) study of how individuals behave, think, and feel in the presence, actual or implied, of others.
D) medical specialty focused on the study of nonbiological factors influencing physical health and illness.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Many diseases and well over half of all deaths in North America each year can be traced to

A) accidents.
B) unhealthy behaviors.
C) infectious diseases.
D) poor prenatal care.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Dr.Gerschivin is a psychologist who works with doctors at the University Hospital who study the roles that nonbiological factors play in obesity, addiction, and various physical illnesses.Dr.Gerschivin is working in the allied field known as

A) medical psychology.
B) behavioral medicine.
C) homeopathic psychology.
D) developmental medicine.

Question 5

You have gone to your medical doctor because of a terrible backache, and he prescribes medicine but informs you of stretching exercises to perform and ways that you can relieve stress on your job.Your doctor believes that the medicine will work best and healing will be faster if he can help you make sense of your medical condition.Thus, your doctor follows the

A) hypochondriac perspective.
B) mind-body perspective.
C) medical model.
D) biopsychosocial model.

Question 6

Today people primarily die from

A) infectious diseases.
B) lifestyle diseases.
C) accidents.
D) genetic diseases.

Question 7

When you are sick, the problem is physical and requires a physical treatment, such as taking medicine, according to the

A) psychosomatic perspective.
B) mind-body perspective.
C) medical model.
D) biopsychosocial model.

Question 8

Which perspective defines health as a state of well-being that we can actively attain and maintain?

A) the psychosomatic perspective
B) the mind-body perspective
C) the medical model
D) the biopsychosocial model

Question 9

Which perspective views diseases as being caused by a combination of several different factors and involves the person who is sick playing a role in fostering his or her own health rather than passively getting treatments from a doctor?

A) psychosomatic perspective
B) mind-body perspective
C) medical model
D) biopsychosocial model

Question 10

Garrett has been feeling fatigued at work and has been experiencing more backaches and neckaches.Garrett believes that he must actively change aspects of his environment that contribute to his stress, such as utilizing stress-management techniques, getting more sleep, exercising more, and improving his diet.Garrett's view of health fits the

A) hypochondriac perspective.
B) mind-body perspective.
C) medical model.
D) biopsychosocial model.

Question 11

Which perspective has dominated Western thinking and sees health as the absence of illness with damage to the body being inflicted by poor lifestyle choices, such as smoking or overeating, or by external causes, such as viruses?

A) the psychosomatic perspective
B) the mind-body perspective
C) the medical model
D) the biopsychosocial model

Question 12

Behavioral medicine is best defined as the

A) branch of psychology that studies the ways that cognitive and behavioral principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health.
B) ​use of psychological principles and research methods to solve practical problems.
C) ​study of how individuals behave, think, and feel in the presence, actual or implied, of others.
D) ​medical specialty focused on study of nonbiological factors influencing physical health and illness.

Question 13

Periods of stress are frequently followed by

A) periods of no stress.
B) periods of more intense stress.
C) illness.
D) good health.

Question 14

The medical specialty focused on the study of nonbiological factors influencing physical health and illness is called​

A) ​neuropsychology.
B) ​behavioral medicine.
C) ​psychiatric medicine.
D) ​physiopsychology.

Question 15

The branch of psychology that studies how cognitive and behavioral principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health is known as __________ psychology.

A) developmental
B) health
C) behavioral
D) stress

Question 16

Lifestyle diseases are of special interest to Dr.Cierro, who is a __________ psychologist.

A) health
B) community
C) wellness
D) psychosomatic

Question 17

Health psychologists often work with doctors in the allied field of medicine that focuses on the nonbiological factors influencing physical health and illness.This allied field is called

A) forensic medicine.
B) neuropathology.
C) psychophysiology.
D) behavioral medicine.

Question 18

Any impact of the mind on health was dismissed as a mere placebo effect by the

A) psychosomatic perspective.
B) medical model.
C) mind-body perspective.
D) biopsychosocial model.

Question 19

During the final weeks of the college semester, Mee Jung has barely managed to survive the rush of make-or-break term papers, projects, and classroom presentations and then endures a week and a half of stress, pressure, and frustration during final exams.She is now off for the summer and should expect

A) a period of no stress but excessive boredom to occur.
B) periods of intense stress to be frequently followed by illness.
C) more periods of intense stress during the summer because of her Type A personality.
D) none of these occurrences, since periods of stress and illness are unpredictable.

Question 20

Gordon has been feeling fatigued at work and has been experiencing more backaches and neckaches.He goes to his doctor, hoping she can diagnose his condition and prescribe some medicine that will alleviate his problems.Gordon's view of health fits the

A) hypochondriac perspective.
B) mind-body perspective.
C) medical model.
D) biopsychosocial model.

Question 21

Regarding lifestyle diseases and behavioral risk factors, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Approximately 450,000 people die every year from smoking-related diseases, which is about 20 percent of all deaths, regardless of the cause.
B) Physical inactivity is currently the main cause of preventable deaths in the United States.
C) Seventy percent of all medical costs are related to just six of the major behavioral risk factors.
D) Roughly two-thirds of all American adults are overweight with half of these being extremely overweight, or obese.

Question 22

Although it may become the leading cause in the near future, which factor currently ranks SECOND as a cause of preventable deaths in the United States?

A) smoking.
B) unsafe sexual behavior.
C) alcohol abuse.
D) being overweight.

Question 23

Currently, in America, it is estimated that what proportion of all adults are overweight?

A) one-fourth
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) two-thirds

Question 24

People's health, happiness, and life expectancy are greatly affected by the health habits that they have developed by the time they are __________ years of age.

A) 10 to 12
B) 18 to 19
C) 25 to 30
D) 40 to 45

Question 25

As discussed in your textbook, lifestyle diseases are related to just six behaviors, smoking, alcohol abuse, drug use, poor diet, insufficient exercise, and risky sexual practices, and account for what percent of all medical costs?

A) 25
B) 40
C) 55
D) 70

Question 26

Heart disease, stroke, HIV/AIDS, and lung cancer often result from health-damaging personal habits and are examples of

A) dissociative disorders.
B) traumatic stress diseases.
C) lifestyle diseases.
D) factious disorders.

Question 27

High levels of stress, overeating, and unsafe sexual behavior increase the chance of injury or illness and are considered __________ risk factors.

A) refusal skills
B) moderate
C) behavioral
D) emotional

Question 28

Regarding lifestyle diseases and behavioral risk factors, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Almost half of all deaths in the North America can be traced to unhealthful behaviors.
B) Obesity is currently the main cause of preventable deaths in the United States.
C) A person who is overweight at age 20 can expect to lose five to 20 years of life expectancy.
D) Roughly two-thirds of all American adults are overweight.

Question 29

The concept of lifestyle illness is associated with

A) the causes of death at the turn of the century.
B) infectious diseases and accidents.
C) the probability of being pressured into committing suicide.
D) modern causes of death.

Question 30

Roughly two-thirds of all American adults are overweight with what proportion of these people being extremely overweight, or obese?​

A) ​one-fourth
B) ​one-third
C) ​one-half
D) ​three-fourths

Question 31

Currently, the main cause of preventable deaths in the United States is

A) smoking.
B) unsafe sex.
C) inadequate exercise.
D) obesity.

Question 32

Bart has a very unhealthy lifestyle, which is marked by the presence of a number of

A) health refusal factors.
B) behavioral risk factors.
C) cultural stressors.
D) Type B personality traits.

Question 33

At least 30 percent of U.S.high school students exhibited which of the following health-endangering behaviors?

A) did not use a condom during last sexual intercourse
B) drank alcohol during the previous 30 days
C) was in a physical fight during the previous 12 months
D) At least 30 percent of the U.S.high school students exhibited each of these behaviors.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT one of the major behavioral risk factors listed in your textbook?

A) high levels of stress
B) eating a Mediterranean diet.
C) inadequate exercise
D) violence

Question 35

The concept of behavioral risk factors is associated with which of the following?

A) the probability of becoming schizophrenic
B) causes of physical disease
C) the probability of committing suicide
D) the chance of having a congenital disorder

Question 36

According to your textbook, which of the following are actions that increase the chances of disease, injury, or early death?

A) health refusal factors
B) neuroimmune risk factors
C) behavioral risk factors
D) Type B personality traits

Question 37

Regarding lifestyle diseases and behavioral risk factors, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Seventy percent of all medical costs are related to just six of the major behavioral risk factors.
B) Smoking is currently the main cause of preventable deaths in the United States.
C) A person who is overweight at age 20 can expect to lose five to 20 years of life expectancy.
D) All people who exhibit behavioral risk factors would be diagnosed with a general disease-prone personality type.

Question 38

Seventy percent of all medical costs are related to just six of the behavioral risk factors.These are smoking, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, poor diet, insufficient exercise, and

A) violence.
B) risky sexual practices.
C) excessive sun exposure.
D) reckless driving.

Question 39

Major behavioral risk factors include which of the following?

A) inadequate exercise
B) reckless driving
C) excess sun exposure
D) all of these

Question 40

Which of the following statements concerning behavioral risk factors is TRUE?

A) Almost all of the causes of poor health are beyond one's control.
B) Luckily, unhealthy lifestyles usually center around one type of risk factor so that managing the behavior is relatively easy.
C) All people who exhibit behavioral risk factors have a general disease-prone personality type.
D) Some behaviors and lifestyles promote health, whereas others lead to illness and death.

Question 41

To prevent disease, health psychologists first try to

A) remove behavioral risk factors.
B) compensate for genetic predispositions.
C) use maintenance doses of medication.
D) use quarantines to alleviate the threat to healthy individuals.

Question 42

Regarding hypertension, which of the following statements is FALSE?​

A) ​Although 78 percent of people with hypertension know that they have it, only 68 percent of these diagnosed patients are treated.
B) ​Medicine alone maynot be enough to control a person's hypertension and restore health without changes in the person's behavior.
C) ​Despite being diagnosed, many people still don't change the habits that led to their hypertension.
D) ​Of those diagnosed with hypertension, 50 percent of these patients comply with their treatment regimens.

Question 43

Only 68 percent of patients diagnosed with hypertension are treated; and of those, what percent comply with their treatment regimens​?

A) ​15 percent
B) ​38 percent
C) ​50 percent
D) ​65 percent

Question 44

People who smoke are also more likely to drink excessively, and people who overeat usually do not get enough exercise.These observations illustrate that

A) many people have a disease-prone personality.
B) genetics plays a strong role in one's addictions.
C) unhealthy lifestyles almost always create multiple risks.
D) the causes of poor health are coincidental and unpredictable.

Question 45

Of those risky behaviors listed, the HIGHEST percentage of U.S.high school students engaged in which one?

A) using marijuana during the previous 30 days
B) riding with a drinking driver during the previous 30 days
C) smoking cigarettes during the previous 30 days
D) being in a physical fight during the previous 12 months

Question 46

The disease-prone personality is characterized by

A) mania.
B) extraversion.
C) hostility.
D) Type-B attributes.

Question 47

Megan is often so depressed that she eats and sleeps poorly, rarely exercises, and has been smoking more.According to health psychologists, Megan is exhibiting a

A) disease-prone personality.
B) Type B personality.
C) behavioral risk personality.
D) stress-prone personality.

Question 48

Thirty-eight percent of U.S.high school students engaged in which of the following health-endangering behaviors during the previous 30 days?

A) used marijuana
B) carried a weapon
C) drank alcohol
D) smoked cigarettes

Question 49

Those who are compassionate, resourceful, optimistic, and non-hostile tend to have

A) good health.
B) more money.
C) more sexual partners.
D) more depression.

Question 50

Men and women engaging in health-promoting behaviors, such as getting adequate sleep, maintaining an ideal weight, and limiting use of alcohol, can expect to

A) psychologically crave a more exciting life.
B) increase their life expectancy.
C) be envious of friends who are risk-takers.
D) have happiness and harmony in their relationships with others.

Question 51

Of those risky behaviors listed, the FEWEST U.S.high school students engaged in which one?

A) using marijuana during the previous 30 days
B) drinking alcohol during the previous 30 days
C) engaging in sexual intercourse during the previous 90 days
D) being in a physical fight during the previous 12 months

Question 52

Pneumonia and other infections occur at higher rates in people who have cancer, heart disease, lung disease, or liver disease, which illustrates that

A) infectious diseases are often linked to behavioral risks, such as smoking, poor diet, and alcohol abuse.
B) many people have a disease-prone personality that causes additional infections.
C) genetics plays a strong role in the cause of cancers and diseases.
D) the causes of cancers and diseases are coincidental and unpredictable.

Question 53

Which of the following, in particular, is likely to damage health, since individuals with this condition tend to eat poorly, sleep poorly, rarely exercise, fail to use seat belts in cars, and smoke too much?

A) anxiety
B) depression
C) pessimism
D) dissociative disorder

Question 54

The term disease-prone personality refers to a person who

A) engages constantly in cigarette smoking.
B) drives at excessive speeds.
C) has persistent negative emotions associated with poor health.
D) is uncontrollably violent.

Question 55

Currently, 75 million Americans have hypertension.What percent of these people know that they have hypertension?​

A) ​28 percent
B) ​55 percent
C) ​78 percent
D) ​95 percent

Question 56

Jason has high blood pressure.Changes he can make to treat this lifestyle disease include

A) consuming less sodium (salt).
B) getting more exercise and losing weight.
C) using alcohol sparingly.
D) all of these.

Question 57

Forty percent of U.S.high school students engaged in which of the following health-endangering behaviors ?

A) smoked cigarettes within the previous 30 days
B) rode with a drinking driver within the previous 30 days
C) did not use a condom during last sexual intercourse
D) played three or more hours of video games on an average school day

Question 58

Which type of personality is associated with a person being frequently ill and is marked by persistent negative emotions, including anxiety, hostility, and depression?

A) Type B
B) behavioral risk
C) stress-prone
D) disease-prone

Question 59

Regarding lifestyle and health, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Small risks can add up, dramatically raising the chance of illness.
B) Most infectious diseases are not linked to behavioral risks.
C) Pneumonia occurs at high rates in people who have cancer, heart disease, lung disease, or liver disease.
D) Those people who overeat usually do not get enough exercise.

Question 60

Overall, what percent of all people with hypertension are receiving optimal treatment​?

A) ​15 percent
B) ​29 percent
C) ​42 percent
D) ​60 percent

Question 61

An increased risk of stroke, cirrhosis of the liver, cancer, high blood pressure, and heart disorders has been found from

A) consuming one alcoholic drink per day.
B) consuming two alcoholic drinks per day.
C) consuming three or more alcoholic drinks per day.
D) none of these, since a person would have to consume at least six alcoholic drinks per day for at least five years to increase his or her risk of these conditions.

Question 62

When a person's spouse quits smoking, that person will be what percent more likely to quit smoking?

A) 95 percent
B) 80 percent
C) 67 percent
D) 36 percent

Question 63

According to researchers Christakis and Fowler, which of the following is often a barrier to changing unhealthy behaviors?

A) social factors
B) chronic infectious diseases
C) a lack of money
D) a lack of knowledge

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT one of the major health-promoting behaviors listed in the text?

A) learn stress management and lower hostility
B) provide for periods of relaxation every day
C) minimize sun exposure
D) eat a high protein, low carbohydrate diet

Question 65

According to your textbook, what percent of American adults still smoke?

A) six percent
B) 18 percent
C) 29 percent
D) 37 percent

Question 66

What percent of people were more likely to become obese if they had a friend who became overweight first?

A) 27 percent
B) 57 percent
C) 77 percent
D) 97 percent

Question 67

Regarding social factors that promote unhealthy behaviors, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) A study found that people were 80 percent more likely to become obese if they had a friend who became overweight first.
B) If one smoker in a group of smokers quits, others are more likely to follow suit.
C) Spending time with drinkers tends to increase one's alcohol consumption.
D) We tend to flock together with like-minded people and adopt many of their habits.

Question 68

Moderation in drinking alcohol means consuming only

A) one alcoholic drink per week.
B) two alcoholic drinks per week.
C) one or two alcoholic drinks per day and remaining alcohol-free two or three days per week.
D) three or four alcoholic drinks per day and being alcohol-free at least one day a week.

Question 69

Which of the following include such obvious practices as getting regular exercise, controlling smoking and alcohol use, maintaining a balanced diet, getting good medical care, and managing stress?

A) refusal skills training
B) behavioral risk factors
C) life skills training
D) health-promoting behaviors

Question 70

Sarah, who is a freshman in college, found that she started gaining weight after spending a lot of her time with her roommate Gayle, who is overweight.Sarah's weight gain is best explained by

A) a lack of motivation that occurs when first starting to college.
B) a lower metabolism that occurs in late adolescence.
C) the adoption of her roommate's eating habits.
D) the minor depression or "college blues" that set in upon leaving home.

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT one of the major health-promoting behaviors listed in the text?

A) consume no more than four alcoholic drinks per day
B) use seat belts and minimize sun exposure
C) lower blood pressure with diet and exercise, or medicine if necessary
D) eat a balanced, low-fat diet

Question 72

If a good friend quits smoking, your chance of giving up cigarette smoking goes up by what percent?

A) 90 percent
B) 72 percent
C) 67 percent
D) 36 percent

Question 73

According to a recent study, the healthiest people eat a diet high in fruit, vegetables, and fish, and low in red meat and dairy products.This diet is called the __________ diet.

A) American
B) Mediterranean
C) Asian
D) Hawaiian

Question 74

The healthiest people in a study of health-promoting behaviors reaped the benefits of which of the following diet and exercise plans?

A) maintaining a strict diet of tofu and wheat grass and exercising at least two hours per day
B) adhering to a restrictive diet at least five days a week and engaging in strenuous exercise at least an hour per day
C) eating a Mediterranean diet and getting 30 minutes of exercise three or four times a week
D) eating a high-protein diet of red meat and very few carbohydrates and getting moderate exercise at least twice a week

Question 75

Good health-promoting behaviors include

A) not smoking cigarettes.
B) not consuming more than two alcoholic drinks per day.
C) providing for periods of relaxation every day.
D) all of these.

Question 76

Regarding the promotion of healthy and unhealthy behaviors, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Research has shown that one glass of red wine daily may be healthy.
B) Five smokers in 10 will have long-term success at quitting.
C) If one smoker in a group of smokers quits, others are more likely to follow suit.
D) People were found to be 57 percent more likely to become obese if they had a friend who became overweight first.

Question 77

The best explanation of why fewer and fewer American adults still smoke is​

A) the medical advice from their doctors to stop smoking.
B) parents ​not wanting their children to model their smoking.
C) ​the high cost of cigarettes.
D) ​the growing social unpopularity of smoking.

Question 78

Jayne eats a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and fish, and low in red meat and dairy products.This healthy diet is known as the __________ diet.

A) American
B) Mediterranean
C) Asian
D) Hawaiian

Question 79

Tom's friends are very worried about him because he is engaging in the single most lethal behavioral risk factor and the largest preventable cause of death.Tom's lethal habit is

A) smoking.
B) reckless driving.
C) alcohol abuse.
D) obesity.

Question 80

For adults who were careful about diet, alcohol, exercise, and smoking, their risk of dying was cut by what percent over a 10-year period?

A) 10 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 65 percent