Deck 14: Psychological Disorders.

Question 1

It is as statistically "abnormal" (unusual)for a person to score above 145 on an IQ test as it is to score below 55.However, only the lower score is regarded as "abnormal" or undesirable.Thus, one disadvantage of using a statistical definition of abnormality is that statistical abnormality

A) does not tell us about the meaning of this deviation from the norm.
B) cannot be used to establish the comorbidity of disorders.
C) cannot be replicated a second time to prove validity.
D) tells us more about cultural relativity than the objective aspects of abnormality.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

On which of the following do most people score near the middle of the score range with very few having extremely high or low scores?

A) normal or bell-shaped curve
B) skewed deviation curve
C) U-shaped curve
D) scatter plot

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Of the 38,000 Americans who committed suicide in 2011, what percent had a diagnosable mental disorder?

A) 20 percent
B) 45 percent
C) 65 percent
D) 90 percent

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The direct costs of treating people who seek help for mental illness is approximately how many dollars per a year?

A) 100 million
B) one billion
C) 60 billion
D) 120 billion

Question 5

What is one advantage of using statistics to define normality?

A) Statistics show a clear distinction between what is normal and what is not.
B) Statistics avoid the stigmas associated with labels.
C) Mental disorders are best defined by deviations from an average.
D) Statistical descriptions of disorders permit more objective definitions.

Question 6

In the United States, a drug abuser or a prostitute would most likely be judged as abnormal based on

A) subjective discomfort.
B) cultural relativity.
C) social nonconformity.
D) statistical abnormality.

Question 7

The term psychopathology includes which of the following?

A) the scientific study of psychological disorders
B) behavior patterns that make people unhappy and impair personal growth
C) mental disorders such as depression and schizophrenia
D) all of these

Question 8

Including the indirect costs, such as lost earnings, what is the total cost of treating people who seek help for mental illness?

A) $15 billion
B) $50 billion
C) $100 billion
D) $315 billion

Question 9

What percentage of American adults suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in any given year?

A) five percent
B) 10 percent
C) 20 percent
D) 35 percent

Question 10

A psychologist devises a test to measure anxiety.He administers this test to over 1,000 persons and learns how many people show low, medium, or high levels of anxiety.Usually the results of such tests tend to form a(n)

A) normal or bell-shaped curve.
B) skewed deviation curve.
C) U-shaped curve.
D) scatter plot.

Question 11

Regarding social nonconformity, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Social nonconformity is accompanied by subjective discomfort.
B) Social nonconformity may indicate a psychological disorder or a harmless eccentricity.
C) Social nonconformity always indicates some degree of psychological disorder, though it may be a slight one.
D) Social nonconformity involves disobeying one's own private standards for acceptable behavior.

Question 12

Herbert's scores are just barely outside of the normal range on a test of his emotions.Thus, which limitation of a statistical definition of abnormality must the examiner confront?

A) whether Herbert is feeling any subjective discomfort
B) where to draw the line between normality and abnormality
C) how to replicate this deviation a second time for validity
D) deciding whether Herbert's behavior meets nonconformity standards

Question 13

Which of the following is the scientific term that refers to mental disorders, such as schizophrenia or depression, and to behavior patterns that make people unhappy and impair their personal growth as well as to the study of these disorders?

A) ​insanity
B) ​lunacy
C) ​neuroses
D) ​psychopathology

Question 14

Which of the following refers to scoring very high or low on some dimension, such as intelligence, anxiety, or depression?

A) subjective relativity
B) statistical abnormality
C) mental nonconformity
D) maladaptive deviations

Question 15

The scientific study of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders is called

A) psychosis.
B) neurosis.
C) psychopathology.
D) neuropathology.

Question 16

Margo takes a test that measures the level of several emotions.Using statistical abnormality as the definition of psychopathology, Margo would be considered normal or average if all of her scores fell

A) toward the right side of the higher scoring area of the curve.
B) in the middle of the curve.
C) at the lower end of the curve.
D) only if her scores fell outside the curve.

Question 17

Jansen is an artist who dresses in an offbeat manner, drives a multi-colored VW van, and generally is known as a charming eccentric.Jansen is happy, creative, and generally well adjusted.It is critical to distinguish this type of non-traditional person from others who have not adopted the usual minimum rules for behavior, which is destructive.This example illustrates one of the problems with what definition of abnormality?

A) social nonconformity
B) statistical
C) cultural
D) subjective discomfort

Question 18

Statistical approaches to abnormality define as "abnormal" those who

A) show evidence of loss of contact with reality.
B) are unhappy, withdrawn, and depressed.
C) deviate from the average on an objective measure of behavior.
D) are disabled by anxiety.

Question 19

Dr.Orazzo is using an objective method of defining abnormality.However, this method will not tell her about the meanings of the deviations she obtained; nor does it tell her where to draw the line between normality and abnormality.The method of defining abnormality that Dr.Orazzo is using is

A) social nonconformity.
B) cultural relativity.
C) statistical abnormality.
D) mental nonconformity.

Question 20

In 2011, approximately how many Americans committed suicide?

A) 10,000
B) 23,000
C) 38,000
D) 55,600

Question 21

A core feature of all abnormal behavior is that it is

A) culturally absolute.
B) learned.
C) maladaptive.
D) dependent on age.

Question 22

Which of the following defines actions that would be considered "strange" within a particular culture and are often the first sign that a person has a problem?

A) cultural relativity
B) social nonconformity
C) depersonalization
D) neurosis

Question 23

People who are very creative and those who are overly rigid in their conventional behavior both cause problems for the definition of

A) social nonconformity.
B) statistical abnormality.
C) cultural abnormality.
D) subjective discomfort.

Question 24

Failure to match one's behavior to widely accepted norms or to the usual minimum rules for social conduct describes what definition of normality?

A) subjective discomfort
B) statistical abnormality
C) social nonconformity
D) cultural relativity

Question 25

Most definitions of abnormality

A) are those that are based on statistics.
B) are relative and take context into consideration.
C) use the concept of social nonconformity as the main basis for judgment.
D) can be made using only a person's subjective discomfort as a guide.

Question 26

Almost any behavior can be judged to be normal or abnormal depending on the specific circumstances present.This qualification for judging whether or not a behavior is abnormal is referred to as

A) situational context.
B) subjective judgment.
C) environmental selectivity.
D) personal relativity.

Question 27

In practice, which of the following explains most instances in which people voluntarily seek professional help?

A) social nonconformity
B) subjective discomfort
C) parental urgings
D) law enforcement involvement

Question 28

Which factor in defining abnormality involves judging a behavior as abnormal or nonconforming by considering the behavioral setting or general circumstances under which the behavior was displayed?

A) subjective discomfort
B) ​situational context
C) ​statistical abnormality
D) ​social nonconformity

Question 29

You have just moved into a neighborhood and hear that the woman who lives next door almost never leaves her house.Having had general psychology, you think that she might have agoraphobia until you find out that her religion encourages women to stay at home.From this illustration, it is clear that which of the following can affect the diagnosis of psychological disorders?

A) statistical abnormality
B) subjective discomfort
C) cultural relativity
D) social nonconformity

Question 30

In understanding abnormality, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Nonconformity does not always indicate a disorder, and conformity is not a sure sign of mental health.
B) Within a culture, a behavior may be defined as abnormal in one situational context but not another.
C) Behaviors defined as abnormal in one culture are, by definition, abnormal in all cultures.
D) In all cultures, a consistent failure to communicate or behave predictably is considered abnormal.

Question 31

Which of the following behaviors is considered abnormal by almost all cultures?

A) extreme displays of otherwise normal behavior
B) feelings of unhappiness and discomfort
C) failure to communicate and unpredictable actions
D) any behavior that does not conform to the norms of the culture

Question 32

A person whose immoral behavior harms others, but who feels no remorse for such harmful behavior, would NOT be regarded as abnormal if the criterion used was

A) statistical abnormality.
B) social nonconformity.
C) maladaptive behavior.
D) subjective discomfort.

Question 33

In defining abnormality, theidea that judgments are made comparable to the values of the society in which one lives is called

A) ​ethnocentricism.
B) ​social conformity.
C) ​cultural relativity.
D) ​behavioral norms.

Question 34

In some countries, it is normal to defecate or urinate in public.This makes it clear that judgments of the normality of behavior are

A) made relative to the values of a culture.
B) statistically determined
C) a matter of subjective discomfort.
D) random and unpredictable.

Question 35

Although her family is unaware of her chronic feelings of hopelessness and despair, Carmen is very unhappy.Thus, she would be exhibiting psychopathology based on

A) statistical abnormality.
B) social nonconformity.
C) subjective discomfort.
D) cultural relativity.

Question 36

If you heard that a person was barking and jumping around on "all fours," you might think the person abnormal until you found out the person was on stage practicing the part of a "talking dog" in the upcoming student play.This story illustrates the importance of

A) situational context.
B) cultural relativity.
C) social nonconformity.
D) subjective discomfort.

Question 37

If you heard that a person exposed himself to another person in a place of business, you would probably think that the person was abnormal until you realized the person was exposing himself to his family doctor during the course of a physical examination.This story illustrates the importance of

A) situational context.
B) cultural relativity.
C) social nonconformity.
D) subjective discomfort.

Question 38

Regarding the use of subjective discomfort as evidence of psychopathology, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Psychopathology does not always cause personal anguish.
B) A lack of subjective discomfort may reveal psychopathology.
C) Subjective discomfort explains most instances in which people voluntarily seek professional help.
D) The majority of individuals who suffer mania seek help due to the extreme discomfort they feel when in a manic state.

Question 39

A person can show extreme distress, such as grief at the death of a loved one, without having psychopathology, while a person with mania, who feels "on top of the world," does have a mental disorder.This illustrates the difficulties with classifying behavior as abnormal using the criterion of

A) subjective discomfort.
B) legal insanity.
C) social nonconformity.
D) neurosis.

Question 40

As part of a class assignment to "find out how it feels to be crazy for a day," students performed some "strange" behaviors in public, such as talking to imaginary people, covering their heads with aluminum foil, or walking around a mall with an open umbrella.The students would most likely to be viewed as abnormal based on

A) cultural relativity.
B) social nonconformity.
C) depersonalization.
D) neurotic behavior.

Question 41

Rather than helping a person to successfully cope, abnormal behaviors make it more difficult for the person to meet the every day demands of life.Thus, this core feature of all abnormal behavior refers to the behavior being

A) culturally relative.
B) subjectively painful.
C) statistically deviant.
D) maladaptive.

Question 42

According to the textbook, abnormal behavior that is indicative of the person requiring psychological help is defined by the core feature of

A) being maladaptive.
B) being statistically rare.
C) involving subjective discomfort.
D) being outside the realm of cultural relativity.

Question 43

If Edgar is exhibiting maladaptive behavior, we would expect this behavior to often result in

A) acute psychotic behavior that would be readily apparent to any observer.
B) statistically rare behavior that would be offensive to most people in a culture.
C) serious psychological discomfort, disability, and/or a loss of control of thoughts, behaviors, or feelings.
D) rigidly conforming mannerisms and mutism that would incapacitate the person.

Question 44

Insanity is

A) another name for SAD.
B) a legal term.
C) the psychiatric term for multiple personalities.
D) required to be established before a person can be voluntarily treated at a mental hospital.

Question 45

In practice, the judgment that a person needs help usually occurs when

A) the person does something annoying like constantly staring into space.
B) someone's annoying behavior gains the attention of a person in a position of power in the person's life.
C) a teacher, parent, significant other, or someone else does something about a person behaving abnormally.
D) all of these factors are present.

Question 46

May is accused of shoplifting in a store, but because she has a moderate intellectual disability that prevents her from appreciating what she did was wrong, the judge found her to be

A) guilty but impaired.
B) not guilty by reason of insanity.
C) not guilty by reason of diminished responsibility.
D) guilty under exceptional circumstances.

Question 47

The legal definition that means the inability to manage one's affairs or to be aware of the consequences of one's actions is called

A) insanity.
B) neurosis.
C) psychosomatic.
D) nervous breakdown.

Question 48

When a person's behavior is maladaptive, a relative may start legal procedures that may result in the finding of insanity with these legal procedures called

A) psychotic findings.
B) psychopathology lawsuits.
C) commitment proceedings.
D) diagnostic and statistical analyses.

Question 49

Regarding insanity, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Insanity is a legal term that refers to people who are unable to manage their affairs or foresee consequences.
B) Insanity is the most common disorder described in the DSM-5.
C) Insanity is a psychiatric term that refers to individuals with neurocognitive disorders or dissociative disorders.
D) Insanity is typically caused by a severe combination of personality disorders.

Question 50

Insanity is

A) another term for nervous breakdown.
B) the psychiatric term that is synonymous with schizophrenia.
C) established by the testimony from expert witnesses.
D) all of these.

Question 51

Using the "core feature" of abnormal behavior in identifying mental disorders, the occurrence of abnormal behavior would be defined as behavior that

A) makes daily life more difficult and which indicates a loss of control.
B) causes a person extreme personal discomfort and is socially nonconforming.
C) is illegal and/or persistently nonconforming.
D) is statistically different from the average of the general population.

Question 52

Jake was found by the court to not be legally responsible for his violent actions and was subsequently involuntarily committed to a mental hospital.Thus, the court ruled Jake to be

A) insane.
B) neurotic.
C) statistically abnormal.
D) socially nonconforming.

Question 53

In situations in which people who committed crimes are unable to appreciate that what they did was wrong because they have a severe intellectual disability, autism, or brain damage, these people may be found

A) guilty but impaired.
B) not guilty by reason of insanity.
C) not guilty by reason of diminished responsibility.
D) guilty under exceptional circumstances.

Question 54

If Marty is exhibiting maladaptive behavior, we would expect him to

A) exhibit behavior that is culturally relative but statistically rare.
B) show social nonconforming behavior that may or may not be statistically rare.
C) show a lack of consistent happiness and sociability in his life.
D) have an underlying psychological or biological dysfunction that makes it difficult for him to meet the demands of day-to-day life.

Question 55

Cody was accused of assaulting his neighbor, but several psychologists testified at his trial that Cody has schizophrenia, is paranoid, and suffers from delusions and hallucinations.In addition, on the day of the alleged assault, Cody had been hearing voices telling him that a space alien had inhabited the body of his neighbor and that this alien was attempting to inhabit Cody's body when his neighbor knocked on his door.The neighbor even testified that Cody called him "a space creature." The jury found that because of his schizophrenia, Cody could not appreciate that assaulting his neighbor was wrong; therefore, the jury found Cody

A) guilty but impaired.
B) not guilty by reason of insanity.
C) not guilty by reason of diminished responsibility.
D) guilty under exceptional circumstances.

Question 56

Regarding insanity and involuntary commitments to mental hospitals, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Legally, insanity is established by testimony from expert witnesses (psychologists and psychiatrists).
B) People who are involuntarily committed are usually judged to be a danger to themselves or to others or are severely intellectually disabled.
C) Involuntary commitments happen most often when the severely mentally disabled person is brought to an emergency room or is arrested for committing a crime.
D) Although a person is declared insane by the court, they are still considered legally responsible for their actions.

Question 57

When a person is a danger to him or herself and other people, then the behavior is clearly

A) compulsive.
B) maladaptive.
C) psychotic.
D) neurotic.

Question 58

Commitment proceedings are legal proceedings that may result in the finding of

A) psychosis.
B) neurosis.
C) insanity.
D) psychopathology.

Question 59

In practice, if a person accused of a crime was unable to appreciate that what he or she did was wrong because of a diagnosable psychological disorder, he or she may be found to be

A) guilty but impaired.
B) not guilty by reason of insanity.
C) not guilty by reason of diminished responsibility.
D) guilty under exceptional circumstances.

Question 60

Which of the following situations does NOT indicate that an individual needs psychological help?

A) Fred is a compulsive gambler.
B) Mary is a mildly mentally disabled adult who has recently become aggressive toward her parents.
C) Shelia is a 55-year-old grandmother who rides motorcycles, skydives, and skateboards.
D) Gary goes on frequent buying sprees to improve his mood.

Question 61

To correctly identify mental disorders and select the best therapies to treat them, psychologists use the

A) WAIS-IV.
B) 16 PF.
C) MBTI.
D) DSM-5.

Question 62

Dissociative, neurodevelopmental, somatic symptom, and paraphilic disorders are types of

A) social nonconformities.
B) situational deviations.
C) mental disorders.
D) physiological disorders.

Question 63

Which of the following plays the largest role within mental health settings regarding the diagnosis, therapy, and the billing of insurance companies?

A) MMPI-2
B) DSM-5
C) statistical abnormality
D) commitment proceedings

Question 64

Problems arising before adulthood, such as intellectual disabilities and autism,are termed __________ disorders.

A) somatic symptom
B) dissociative
C) neurocognitive
D) neurodevelopmental

Question 65

The system currently used in America to classify psychological problems

A) is the Freudian Psychoanalytic System (FPS).
B) is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
C) was designed by Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler.
D) is to be found in the Federal Uniform Code of Psychopathology (UCP).

Question 66

Impairment of the brain and nervous system due to an HIV infection contracted during adulthood would be diagnosed as a ___________ disorder.

A) paraphilic
B) neurocognitive
C) somatic symptom
D) neurodevelopmental

Question 67

Problems not arising until adulthood, such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, would be classified as __________ disorders.

A) dissociative
B) somatic symptom
C) neurocognitive
D) neurodevelopmental

Question 68

If a person were diagnosed with intellectual, communication, attentional, or motor problems that emerged early in his or her life, their disorder would fall into which DSM-5 category?

A) neurocognitive disorders
B) neurodevelopmental disorders
C) trauma- and stressor-related disorders
D) somatic symptom and related disorders

Question 69

All evidence points to Greg being the person who killed his wife.Greg knows that murder is morally wrong and against the law, but he also has been diagnosed with a severe anxiety disorder.Greg will most likely be found

A) guilty of murder.
B) not guilty by reason of insanity.
C) not guilty by reason of diminished responsibility.
D) guilty under exceptional circumstances.

Question 70

The chief distinguishing feature of psychotic disorders is

A) a loss of contact with shared views of reality.
B) antisocial conduct.
C) overwhelming anxiety.
D) obsessive behavior.

Question 71

The major DSM-5 categories include all of the following EXCEPT a category called __________ disorders.

A) feeding and eating
B) elimination
C) neurodevelopmental
D) organic mental

Question 72

DSM-5 stands for the fifth edition of the

A) Diagnostic Schedule of Medicine.
B) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.
C) Depressive Scale Modalities.
D) Delirium and Sanity Manual.

Question 73

When they were both eight years old, Lance was diagnosed with an attention deficit/hyperactive disorder and Kevin was diagnosed with Tourette's disorder.Both of their disorders would fall under which DSM-5 category?

A) neurodevelopmental disorders
B) neurocognitive disorders
C) disruptive, impulse control and conduct disorders
D) sleep-wake disorders

Question 74

Which of the following disorders is characterized by the person being socially withdrawn, being unable to control his or her thoughts or actions, and by the presence of delusions and/or hallucinations?

A) trauma- and stressor-related disorders
B) dissociative disorders
C) somatic symptom and related disorders
D) schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

Question 75

MRI scans showing brain tumors in a person on trial for murder would most likely be used to provide evidence for which​ type of insanity plea?

A) ​guilty but insane.
B) ​not guilty by reason of diminished responsibility
C) ​not guilty by reason of insanity
D) ​involuntary commitment

Question 76

Psychopathologies due to various forms of damage to the nervous system arising before adulthood are called __________ disorders.

A) neurocognitive
B) neurodevelopmental
C) schizophrenic spectrum
D) somatic symptom

Question 77

Psychopathologies due to various forms of damage to the nervous system not arising until adulthood are termed __________ disorders.

A) neurocognitive
B) neurodevelopmental
C) somatic symptom
D) dissociative

Question 78

Regarding insanity defenses, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) A person accused of a crime that has a diagnosed psychological disorder or a severe intellectual disability will automatically receive a judgment of insanity in a court case.
B) Not guilty by reason of insanity applies to situations in which people were unable to appreciate what they did was wrong due to a diagnosable psychological disorder.
C) Not guilty by reason of diminished responsibility applies to situations in which people are unable to appreciate what they did was wrong due to having an intellectual disability, autism, or brain damage.
D) Very few criminal trials end with the verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity.

Question 79

An important use of DSM-5 includes being a(n)

A) guide to help psychologists to correctly identify mental disorders and select the best therapy.
B) statistical encyclopedia of the incidence of various forms of violent crime committed by patients with mental disorders.
C) accurate guide used by judges and juries in determining the legal definition of insanity.
D) guide to current research articles in the field of psychopathology.

Question 80

Which of the following is defined by a significant impairment in psychological functioning?

A) social nonconformity
B) situational deviation
C) mental disorder
D) physiological disorder