Deck 2: Brain and Behavior.

Question 1

The central nervous system is composed of the

A) brain and spinal cord.
B) sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
C) autonomic and somatic systems.
D) brain and somatic system.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

How many pairs of cranial nerves do humans have?

A) 31
B) 22
C) 12
D) six

Answer 2

C

Question 3

How many pairs of spinal nerves do humans have?

A) 31
B) 22
C) 12
D) six

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The brain carries out most of the "computing" in the nervous system and communicates with the rest of the body through the large bundle of nerves called the

A) parietal branch.
B) spinal cord.
C) occipital cord.
D) temporal branch.

Question 5

Two-time Super Bowl winner Dave Duerson died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the stomach in February 2011.He shot himself in the stomach because he wanted to leave his brain to science.He blamed his post-football troubles, including memory loss, troubles spelling words, depression, and moodiness, on the repeated concussions he suffered while on the playing field.An autopsy of his brain did reveal the same signs of chronic traumatic brain injury that have been found in dozens of other retired NFL players, as well as in athletes from many other violent sports, such as hockey and boxing.The boxers' name for this condition is

A) knockout.
B) punch-drunk.
C) counterpunch.
D) the bum's rush.

Question 6

Almost instantly, victims who have a stroke realize that something is wrong.However, many brain injuries are less dramatic but involve equally disabling changes in personality, thinking, judgment, or emotions that can take years to become apparent.This type of brain injury that has been found in dozens of retired NFL players, hockey players, and boxers is called

A) comprehensive aphasic brain injury.
B) ​neuroplastic cerebral trauma.
C) chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
D) comprehensive traumatic corticalization.

Question 7

Nerves that leave the brain directly are called __________ nerves.

A) spinal
B) cranial
C) sympathetic
D) peripheral

Question 8

The two main divisions of the human nervous system are the peripheral nervous system and the __________ nervous system.

A) central
B) autonomic
C) sympathetic
D) somatic

Question 9

Nervous system activities and structures are associated with which of the following?​

A) ​actions and motives
B) ​sensations and feelings
C) ​thoughts and memories
D) ​all of these

Question 10

The central and peripheral are the two main divisions of the __________ system.

A) nervous
B) endocrine
C) cardiovascular
D) limbic

Question 11

In a car accident, a person sustained major trauma to his brain and the spinal cord region of his neck.Damage, in this case, was mainly to areas of which nervous system?

A) autonomic
B) somatic
C) central
D) sympathetic

Question 12

An artery carrying blood to Derrick's brain has become blocked and caused some brain tissue to die.Derrick has suffered

A) edema.
B) an epileptic seizure.
C) a stroke.
D) virilism.

Question 13

When an artery in a person's brain becomes blocked or bursts open, we say that the person has experienced

A) a stroke.
B) neural induction.
C) neural congestion.
D) spatial neglect.

Question 14

Regarding nervous system activities and damage to the nervous system, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) A stroke occurs when an artery carrying blood in the brain bleeds or becomes blocked, causing some brain tissue to die.
B) Chronic traumatic encephalopathyinvolves less dramatic, but disabling changes in personality, thinking, judgment, or emotions that can take years to become apparent.
C) Signs of chronic traumatic brain injury have been found in retired NFL players, as well as in athletes from many other violent sports, such as hockey and boxing.
D) The name boxers have given to the symptoms of chronic traumatic brain injury is the sucker-punch.

Question 15

The two main divisions of the human nervous system are the central nervous system and the __________ nervous system.

A) autonomic
B) sympathetic
C) somatic
D) peripheral

Question 16

An individual nerve cell is known as a

A) nerve.
B) neuron.
C) synaptic vesicle.
D) neurotransmitter.

Question 17

Up early to feed his cat, Bryan was shocked that he could not see his left hand, or anything else to his upper left side.He realized that he had most likely suffered

A) aphasia.
B) virilism.
C) a stroke.
D) an ablation.

Question 18

Brain activity is the source of ​

A) human consciousness.
B) behavior.
C) ​intelligence.
D) ​all of these.

Question 19

Although playing catch and flying a kite in the park appear to be simple activities, in reality, each of these activities requires the work of many billions of individual nerve cells called

A) synapses.
B) neuropeptides.
C) neurons.
D) neurotransmitters.

Question 20

Axons leaving the spinal cord

A) form the cranial nerves.
B) carry sensory and motor messages.
C) make a total of 22 pairs of nerves.
D) are characterized by all of these.

Question 21

Which of the following CAN be seen without magnification?

A) a neuron
B) a nerve
C) both a nerve and a neuron
D) neither a nerve nor a neuron

Question 22

Which nervous system controls the voluntary function of the limbs and the sense organs?

A) sympathetic
B) autonomic
C) parasympathetic
D) somatic

Question 23

The somatic system governs

A) muscle movements.
B) involuntary activities.
C) glandular secretions.
D) heart rate and breathing.

Question 24

Large bundles of many axons, which are visible to the unaided eye, are called

A) neurons.
B) neurilemmas.
C) nerves.
D) neurotransmitters.

Question 25

Neurons are tiny cells that

A) cannot be seen without a microscope.
B) are made up of nerves.
C) are scientifically classified as neurilemmas.
D) are characterized by all of these.

Question 26

Which nervous system plays such a central role in our emotional lives that without it, a person would feel very little emotion?

A) ​autonomic
B) ​somatic
C) parietal
D) ​temporal

Question 27

The peripheral system is the intricate network of nerves that carries information to and from the __________ nervous system.

A) central
B) occipital
C) parietal
D) temporal

Question 28

Which of the following functions is NOT controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

A) utilization of the sense organs
B) heart rate and respiration
C) secretion of hormones
D) digestion

Question 29

When you see an attractive person sit down next to you on the bus, the mad pounding of your heart is under the influence of which nervous system?

A) central
B) diathesis
C) autonomic
D) somatic

Question 30

The peripheral nervous system is composed of the

A) brain and spinal cord.
B) central and sympathetic systems.
C) somatic and autonomic systems.
D) spinal cord and 12 thoracic nerves.

Question 31

The voluntary command Steve uses to raise his hand in class would be controlled by the __________ nervous system.

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) autonomic
D) somatic

Question 32

The autonomic system is

A) self-governing.
B) in control of the sense organs.
C) responsible for muscle movement.
D) mainly in control of voluntary actions.

Question 33

During a lecture when students receive information through their eyes from the notes on the screen and information through their ears as the instructor lectures, the information will first travel through neurons within which nervous system?

A) sympathetic
B) autonomic
C) somatic
D) parasympathetic

Question 34

The somatic system carries messages to and from the

A) internal organs and glands.
B) parasympathetic system.
C) sense organs and skeletal muscles.
D) sympathetic system.

Question 35

When you are playing a video game, your hand and eye movements are under the influence of the __________ nervous system.

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) autonomic
D) somatic

Question 36

The autonomic system carries messages to and from

A) the sense organs.
B) the internal organs and glands.
C) the skeletal muscles.
D) all of these.

Question 37

The involuntary physical changes that occur in the body, such as increases and decreases in heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration, and glandular secretions are controlled by the

A) occipital lobe.
B) parietal lobe.
C) somatic nervous system.
D) autonomic nervous system.

Question 38

Aaron flexes his muscles as he shoots a basketball into the goal.His voluntary use of his muscles is controlled by which nervous system?

A) sympathetic
B) autonomic
C) somatic
D) parasympathetic

Question 39

Immediate emotional responses to a traumatic event are most directly under the control of the

A) somatic nervous system.
B) central nervous system.
C) autonomic nervous system.
D) cerebral cortex.

Question 40

Messages flow from the brain to the spinal cord and then to other parts of the body through the __________ nervous system.

A) central
B) peripheral
C) parietal
D) temporal

Question 41

The part of the nervous system that quiets the body after arousal and helps maintain vital functions (like breathing)at moderate levels is the __________ branch.

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) central
D) peripheral

Question 42

Your instructor announces a "pop" test.You have not read the Chapter yet.Your heart and breathing rate increases, and your mouth becomes dry.Which nervous system was responsible for this reaction?

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) central

Question 43

When the parasympathetic branch is controlling one's body,

A) the pupils of one's eyes dilate.
B) one's digestion is inhibited.
C) one's bladder relaxes.
D) tears and salivation are stimulated.

Question 44

The part of the nervous system that is known as the "fight or flight" system because it arouses the body to meet emergencies and respond to emotional events is the __________ branch.

A) pineal
B) endocrine
C) sympathetic
D) parasympathetic

Question 45

The autonomic nervous system contains two branches called the

A) sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
B) somatic and spinal systems.
C) spinal nerves and cranial nerves.
D) parasympathetic and spinal systems.

Question 46

You are in the forest and see a large, snarling, drooling grizzly bear running directly toward you.The adrenaline rush you feel as you run toward the cabin is controlled by the

A) sympathetic branch.
B) parasympathetic branch.
C) central nervous system.
D) neurotransmitter dopamine.

Question 47

Your instructor has just decided not to give the pop test that was announced at the beginning of class.The class breathes a collective "sigh of relief." This relief is best explained by which nervous system?

A) somatic
B) central
C) parasympathetic
D) sympathetic

Question 48

The billions of neurons in the brain are accompanied by an almost equal number of other cells whose function is to support the neurons in a variety of ways.These cells are called

A) effector cells.
B) glial cells.
C) vesicles.
D) myelins.

Question 49

The individual nerve cells specialized to carry and process information are called

A) neurotransmitters.
B) synapses.
C) ions.
D) neurons.

Question 50

When the parasympathetic branch is controlling one's body,

A) there is a release of sugar from the liver.
B) tears and salivation are inhibited.
C) the pupils of the eyes dilate.
D) digestion is stimulated.

Question 51

When the sympathetic branch is activated,

A) the pupils of one's eyes constrict.
B) one's digestion is stimulated.
C) there is a release of sugar from the liver.
D) one's blood vessels constrict.

Question 52

Regarding neurons, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Neurons carry information from the senses to the brain and also activate muscles and glands.
B) When neurons form vast networks, they produce intelligence and consciousness.
C) The axons are the tree-root like parts of neurons that are specially designed to receive the messages from other neurons.
D) While neurons come in very different shapes and sizes, most have four basic parts:dendrites, soma, axon, and axon terminals.

Question 53

Viewed under a microscope, the nervous system is a large network of about 85 billion interlinked nerve cells, or

A) neurilemmas.
B) neuropeptides.
C) neurotransmitters.
D) neurons.

Question 54

Regarding the workings of your nervous systems, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system work together to coordinate the body's internal reactions to events in the outside world.
B) The two branches of the autonomic nervous system are always active.
C) The somatic nervous system is made up of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.
D) The combined action of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches determines if your body is more or less relaxed or aroused.

Question 55

Glial cells are the

A) chemicals released by a neuron that alter activity in other neurons.
B) electrically charged molecules found inside each neuron.
C) cells that support neurons in a variety of ways.
D) thin layer of cells that form a "tunnel" that damaged neuron fibers can follow as they repair themselves.

Question 56

Which of the following carry information from the senses to the brain, activate muscles and glands, and form vast networks that produce intelligence and consciousness?

A) neurons
B) glial cells
C) synapses
D) nuclei ions

Question 57

You are watching a horror movie.The music changes to the familiar tune you recognize as a prelude to danger.You tense up, your heart rate increases, your breathing becomes shallow, and your mouth is dry.Which nervous system has been activated?

A) somatic
B) central
C) parasympathetic
D) sympathetic

Question 58

After rushing to catch the bus, when you find a seat and begin to relax, the return to your normal heart rate is under the influence of the

A) central nervous system.
B) parasympathetic branch.
C) sympathetic branch.
D) somatic nervous system.

Question 59

When the sympathetic branch is activated,

A) tears and salivation are stimulated.
B) digestion is stimulated.
C) pupils of the eyes dilate.
D) blood vessels are constricted.

Question 60

After successfully running into the cabin from the large, snarling, drooling grizzly bear that was headed in your direction, you pause to catch your breath and collect your wits.The physical symptoms you now experience are controlled by the

A) sympathetic branch.
B) parasympathetic branch.
C) central nervous system.
D) neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Question 61

Once information is received at the dendrites, it next flows into the

A) soma.
B) axon.
C) myelin sheath.
D) glial cell.

Question 62

Most of the spinal cord and the nerves of the peripheral nervous system are comprised of large bundles of

A) axons.
B) neuropeptides.
C) glial cells.
D) somas.

Question 63

Regarding ions, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Ions are found only on the outside of the neuron until it is activated.
B) Ions have a neutral charge, neither positive nor negative, until they are activated.
C) When a neuron is inactive (or resting), more "plus" charges exist outside the neuron and more "minus" charges exist inside.
D) Ions can be found only inside the neuron, which creates in your brain an electronic charge of about -10 millivolts.

Question 64

Which part of the neuron receives and collects information from other neurons, combines this information, and sends it down the axon?

A) neuropeptide
B) glial cell
C) ion channel
D) soma

Question 65

The cell body of a neuron is also called the

A) dendrite.
B) axon.
C) myelin.
D) soma.

Question 66

Regarding axons, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Some axons are only 0.1 millimeter long.
B) Some axons stretch for several feet through the nervous system.
C) Axons "branch out" into slightly larger fibers, which end in several bulb-shaped somas.
D) Large bundles of axons comprise most of the spinal cord and the nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Question 67

The bulb-shaped structures found at the end of neurons form connections with the dendrites and somas of other neurons and allow information to pass from neuron to neuron.These bulb-shaped structures are called the

A) myelin sheaths.
B) ion channels.
C) dendrite arcs.
D) axon terminals.

Question 68

The electrically charged molecules that are involved in a nerve impulse are called

A) axons.
B) dendrites.
C) ampules.
D) ions.

Question 69

The inside of each resting neuron in your brain has an electrical charge of how many millivolts at the axon?

A) - 5 to -10 millivolts
B) -20 to -40 millivolts
C) -60 to -70 millivolts
D) -90 to -110 millivolts

Question 70

When the neuron sends information to other neurons, it "branches out" into smaller fibers, which end in bulb-shaped parts known as

A) myelin sheaths.
B) ion channels.
C) dendrite arcs.
D) axon terminals.

Question 71

The part of the neuron that specializes in receiving messages from other neurons is the

A) axon.
B) nucleus.
C) dendrites.
D) telodendria.

Question 72

A neuron is made up of dendrites, a soma, and a(n)

A) axon.
B) synapse.
C) diaton.
D) peptide.

Question 73

Within a neuron, information typically flows in which directional order?

A) soma, dendrites, axon
B) dendrites, soma, axon
C) dendrites, myelin, axon terminal
D) axon terminal, neurilemma, dendrites

Question 74

When a neuron is inactive, more of which of the following exist OUTSIDE the neuron?

A) positive ions
B) negative ions
C) myelin sheaths
D) neuropeptides

Question 75

Since the inside of each resting neuron in your brain has an electrical charge of about −60 to −70 millivolts at the axon compared to the outside of the cell, every neuron in your brain acts as a(n)

A) tiny biological battery.
B) chemical reactor.
C) ion channel booster.
D) electrical shock absorber.

Question 76

The charge that exists across the nerve cell membrane is a result of differing

A) amounts of DNA and RNA.
B) types of neurotransmitters on either side of the nerve cell membrane.
C) types of neurons inside and outside the nerve cell membrane.
D) concentrations of ions on either side of the nerve cell membrane.

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT a part of a neuron?

A) axon
B) axon terminal
C) synapse
D) soma

Question 78

When a neuron is inactive, more of which of the following exist INSIDE the neuron?

A) negative ions
B) positive ions
C) neuropeptides
D) myelin sheaths

Question 79

The soma is the part of the nerve cell that

A) transmits information to the next neuron.
B) collects and combines incoming information.
C) carries nerve impulses over large distances.
D) forms branching connections at the end of each axon.

Question 80

The part of the nerve cell that carries information away from the cell body to other neurons is the

A) axon.
B) dendrite.
C) soma.
D) synapse.