Deck 12: Electrical Stimulation Techniques

Question 1

Which is true regarding electrically induced muscle contractions?

A) Small-diameter fibers are recruited first.
B) Contractions and recruitment are synchronous.
C) Golgi's tendon organs protect the muscle from producing too much force.
D) There is a slow onset of fatigue.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following represents a wound healing effect under the anode,positive pole,while using direct current or high-volt pulsed stimulation?

A) Increased pH
B) Fibroblast proliferation
C) Increased collagen synthesis
D) Antibacterial effects

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What tissues are excitable? Select all that apply.

A) Nerves
B) Muscle fibers
C) Cell membranes
D) Ligaments
E) Cartilage

Answer 3

A,B,C

Question 4

Which of the following are accurate statements concerning the size of electrode? Select all that apply.

A) As electrode size increases,current density increases.
B) Smaller electrodes require less current to stimulate tissue.
C) Large electrodes yield a more comfortable treatment when superficial nerves are targeted.
D) Most electrodes have a current density that must not be exceeded.
E) Larger electrodes yield a more comfortable treatment when there is an adipose layer greater than 2 cm.

Question 5

A nerve's response to the electrical stimulation is based on what factor(s)? Select all that apply.

A) Diameter of the nerve
B) Depth of the nerve
C) Phase duration of the current
D) Number of fibers the nerve innervates
E) Ramp of the current intensity

Question 6

What type of resistance does the skin present to electrical current flow?

A) Capacitive and parallel
B) Capacitive
C) Parallel
D) Neither capacitive nor parallel

Question 7

When attempting to achieve motor-level stimulation,what are the primary pulse characteristics that determine the quality of the muscle contraction? Select all that apply.

A) Pulse rise
B) Phase duration
C) Intensity
D) Pulse frequency
E) Ramp time

Question 8

Which is an accurate statement regarding the use of motor-level stimulation to reduce swelling?

A) Motor-level stimulation has more clinical efficacy than the sensory-level stimulation.
B) If the generator does not allow for a duty cycle,a high-pulse frequency-60 to 100 pps-should be used.
C) High-voltage pulsed stimulation is the only current that can be utilized to reduce swelling via motor-level stimulation.
D) According to the practical evidence,motor-level swelling reduction is most effective during the acute inflammatory phase of injury response.

Question 9

When using electrical stimulation to address strength,which functional loads placed on the muscle have the potential to increase strength? Select all that apply.

A) 5 percent of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction
B) 10 percent of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction
C) 20 percent of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction
D) 30 percent of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction
E) 40 percent of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction

Question 10

What type of electrical current is primarily used for neuromuscular reeducation and strength augmentation?

A) Neuromuscular electrical stimulation
B) Interferential stimulation
C) Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
D) High-volt pulsed stimulation

Question 11

What electrode placement technique utilizes two sets of electrodes,each with its own channel?

A) Monopolar
B) Bipolar
C) Tripolar
D) Quadripolar

Question 12

What stimulation level has an intensity that produces a visible muscle contraction without causing pain?

A) Noxious-level stimulation
B) Sensory-level stimulation
C) Motor-level stimulation
D) Subsensory-level stimulation

Question 13

What best describes habituation?

A) A nerve's rate of depolarization decreases while the stimulus remains constant.
B) There is increased tolerance to the stimulus developed across one treatment.
C) Your client is able to increase the intensity of the stimulus after 5 minutes of treatment.
D) The CNS process one experiences everyday of filtering out a continuous,nonmeaningful stimuli.

Question 14

When targeting deeper tissues,how should you place the electrodes?

A) Farther apart
B) Closer together
C) Perpendicular to muscle fibers
D) Electrode placement does not affect the depth.

Question 15

What are the correct pain control parameters of an electrical stimulation treatment meant to trigger the release of enkephalins?

A) High-pulse frequency with sensory-level stimulation
B) High-pulse frequency with motor-level stimulation
C) Low-pulse frequency with high-intensity stimulation
D) Low-pulse frequency with short phase-duration

Question 16

Due to summation,at what pulse frequency do individual muscle contractions become less distinguishable?

A) Less than 15 pps
B) 15 to 25 pps
C) 30 to 40 pps
D) 40 to 50 pps

Question 17

Electrical stimulation has little to no effect on which of the following?

A) Inflammatory process
B) Pain control
C) Muscle reeducation
D) Wound healing

Question 18

What type of electrode is able to deliver the most current at the lowest skin impedance?

A) Carbon-rubber electrodes
B) Silver electrodes
C) Self-adhesive electrodes
D) Metal electrodes

Question 19

Which of the following is considered a trigger point?

A) The skin surface area of a muscle that is hypersensitive to electrical current flow
B) A pathological and localized area of pain that is hypersensitive to electrical current flow
C) Site on the skin that has a decreased electrical resistance and increased conductivity
D) Areas of the skin that connect to deeper channels that allow systemic regulation of body function

Question 20

What tissue has the greatest resistance to current flow?

A) Cell membrane
B) Muscle tissue
C) Fascia
D) Tendon