Deck 3: The Cell: Where Life Begins

Question 1

Which of the following describes the correct pathway used by eukaryotic cells for the synthesis of proteins transported out of the cell?

A) endoplasmic reticulum » ribosomes » Golgi apparatus » plasma membrane
B) plasma membrane » ribosomes; Golgi apparatus » endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus; ribosomes » endoplasmic reticulum » plasma membrane
D) ribosomes » endoplasmic reticulum » Golgi apparatus » plasma membrane

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Membrane phospholipids:

A) are highly hydrophobic.
B) are highly hydrophilic.
C) have hydrophobic phosphate heads and hydrophilic fatty acid tails.
D) have hydrophilic phosphate heads and hydrophobic fatty acid tails.
E) are found in prokaryotic, but not eukaryotic, cells.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

________ bacteria lose their crystal violet when the decolorizer alcohol is added during the Gram stain procedure.

A) Gram-negative
B) Gram-positive
C) Acid-fast
D) Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following extracellular structures allows some bacteria to resist phagocytosis by phagocytic cells?

A) capsule
B) fimbriae
C) sex pili
D) flagella

Question 5

What is taxis as it applies to bacteria? What structure does bacteria that are capable of taxis possess?

Question 6

Which of the following is released by dying Gram-negative bacteria, whereupon it acts as endotoxin?

A) peptidoglycan
B) O-polysaccharides
C) porin proteins
D) pentaglycine
E) lipopolysacharides

Question 7

________ is/are composed of long, slender protein filaments and act(s) as a type of scaffolding for eukaryotic cells.

A) The cilia
B) The cytoskeleton
C) The endoplasmic reticulum
D) The endomembrane system
E) The endospore

Question 8

Which of the following organelles found in eukaryotic cells is most likely to have been acquired by endosymbiosis?

A) the nucleus
B) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) the Golgi apparatus
D) the lysosome
E) the mitochondrion

Question 9

Bacteria which have a spherical shape are called ________.

A) bacilli
B) spirochetes
C) vibrio
D) spirilla
E) cocci

Question 10

As cells increase in size:

A) their surface/volume ratio increases, and they become more metabolically efficient.
B) their surface/volume ratio decreases, and they become more metabolically efficient.
C) their surface/volume ratio increases, and they become less metabolically efficient.
D) their surface/volume ratio decreases, and they become less metabolically efficient.

Question 11

Provide a basic description of the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure.

Question 12

Why is peptidoglycan such an attractive target for antibiotic drugs?

Question 13

Penicillin:

A) prevents the linkage between N-acetyl-glucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid.
B) breaks the bonds between N-acetyl-glucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid.
C) prevents the formation of pentaglycine bridges.
D) breaks pentaglycine bridges.
E) perforates the plasma membrane of Gram-positive bacteria.