Deck 5: Play in Later Childhood and Adolescence

Question 1

Symbolic play decreases during the elementary school years because

A) it no longer serves the child's ego needs.
B) it evolves into games-with-rules.
C) children are increasingly likely to adapt to reality rather than distort it.
D) children feel increasingly more powerful and less helpless.
E) all of the above

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The preschool child who is asked to sort a group of geometric shapes will arrange them into pleasing perceptual patterns referred to as

A) mental representations.
B) graphic collections.
C) logical groupings.
D) concrete operations.
E) formal operations.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the use of video games by children and teenagers is not true?

A) Boys are more likely than girls to neglect their responsibilities in order to play video games.
B) Nearly half of all teenagers play so often that they could be described as addicted to video games.
C) Most children who go to video arcades go there primarily to "hang out" and meet their friends.
D) Boys play more often than girls, and for longer periods of time.
True-False

Answer 3

B

Question 4

It's difficult to demonstrate that there are short-range and long-range physical benefits for children as a result of their participation in sports programs. Why?

A) Because all children are active and physically fit.
B) Because sports may simply attract the children who were fittest in the first place.
C) Because only a very small percentage of children participate in sports.
D) Because sports aren't challenging enough to affect one's fitness level.
E) Because so many children are injured in sports.

Question 5

John would be described as having a "task orientation" rather than an "ego orientation" when it comes to athletics. John is likely to believe that

A) how you play in comparison to other players is very important.
B) success is defined by the amount of effort you put into your sport.
C) winning matters more than giving it your best effort and losing.
D) highly aggressive play is acceptable if it helps you to win the game.
E) all of the above

Question 6

Unlike the adolescent, the grade-school child is able to reason only about what is

A) concrete and what is real.
B) concrete and what is abstract.
C) real and what is possible.
D) concrete and what is possible.
E) hypothetical.

Question 7

Which of the following elements do adolescents emphasize in a friendship while school-age children generally do not?

A) shared activities
B) material possessions
C) a need for communication and intimacy
D) loyalty and consistency
E) conformity to the norms of the peer group

Question 8

The most popular form of media activity among American adolescents today is _______________.

A) listening to music.
B) reading.
C) playing video games.
D) watching television.
E) going to movies.

Question 9

Which is true of children who have an ego orientation towards sports participation rather than a task orientation?

A) They believe that success in sports is defined by the effort they put into it.
B) They focus on living up to their own personal standards.
C) They are satisfied if they feel that they played well.
D) They emphasize internal standards of mastery and self-improvement.
E) They put a lot of emphasis on performing better than other players.

Question 10

Popular play activities for the adolescent usually do not include which of the following?

A) symbolic play
B) hanging around
C) organized sports
D) going to movies
E) reading

Question 11

A hypothetico-deductive strategy characterizes the thinking of the

A) preschool child.
B) grade-school child.
C) adolescent and adult.
D) adult, but not the child or adolescent.
E) grade-school child and adolescent.

Question 12

Why do some psychologists maintain that games with rules are not really play at all?

A) Children usually don't enjoy these games.
B) Children don't make up the games themselves.
C) The games have an external goal, which is winning.
D) These games require a good deal of skill, which some children do not have.
E) These games differ from one culture to another.

Question 13

Which is not an essential characteristic of games-with-rules?

A) They involve competition.
B) They involve at least two players.
C) The rules must be agreed to in advance.
D) They must be played by a preschool or a grade-school child.
E) They must allow for the possibility of winning or losing.

Question 14

Which statement about the physical fitness benefits of competitive sports for children is not true?

A) Children are more physically active than adults.
B) Children who compete in sports are actually less healthy than children who do not.
C) Children who are extremely active in sports are more physically fit than children who are not active.
D) Children who enjoy sports are likely to carry these interests into adult life.
E) It is difficult to determine what, if any, are the long-range benefits of sports participation for children.

Question 15

There is most likely to be a connection between success in athletics and overall self-esteem if a child

A) is a boy rather than a girl.
B) has a self-schema that pertains to athletics. c values sports participation.
D) all of the above

Question 16

Games-with-rules can be _______

A) sensorimotor, but not intellectual.
B) either sensorimotor or intellectual.
C) intellectual, but not sensorimotor.
D) neither sensorimotor nor intellectual.
E) either competitive or non-competitive.

Question 17

When we say school-age children have a need for industry, we mean they

A) are eager to achieve a feeling of accomplishment.
B) would rather work than play.
C) have great difficulty organizing their time.
D) do not understand the value of work.
E) enjoy work, but only if they are rewarded for it.

Question 18

Which is not true of ego-oriented athletes as compare to task-oriented athletes?

A) Both groups are equal in their actual enjoyment of athletics.
B) Ego-oriented players are less sportsmanlike.
C) Ego-oriented players are more likely to see highly aggressive play as acceptable.
D) Ego-oriented athletes are more likely to miss practices.
E) Ego-oriented athletes are less willing to work hard to improve.

Question 19

Research on the relationship between athletic participation and moral character indicates that

A) all participants in highly aggressive sports are morally immature.
B) athletes recognize a difference between the morality of sports and the morality of everyday life.
C) sports participation is the activity most likely to enhance a child's moral character.
D) sports participation actually damages a child's moral character.
E) non-aggressive sports are just as damaging to moral character as aggressive ones are.

Question 20

In cultures that do not have formal schooling, four of the following events occur at about the same age as formal schooling begins in American society. Which does not belong with the other four?

A) Children began to engage in formal reasoning.
B) Children leave the protection of the family.
C) Children stop playing childhood games.
D) Children become more productive members of the community
E) Children become increasingly peer oriented.

Question 21

Teenagers are also more likely than adults to report that ________ is their favorite aspect of computer games.

Question 22

Athletic success will be of little consequence to a child who lacks a _________ that pertains to athletics.

Question 23

The most frequent players of computer games in the United States today are between the ages of 12 and 17.

Question 24

Children and adolescents who are active in sports are likely to carry a positive attitude toward physical exercise into adult life.

Question 25

While play as a category of activity all but disappears during adolescence in most non-Western cultures, it is replaced in the United States and European countries by _________.

Question 26

Unlike the grade school child, the adolescent sees a relationship as an opportunity to satisfy a need to ___________.

Question 27

Adolescent boys in the United States devote an average of an hour per day to sports participation, and girls devote the same amount of time to sports as boys do.

Question 28

The fitness benefits of children's sports vary considerably depending on the sport in question.

Question 29

Most athletes agree that there is a difference between the morality of sports and the morality of "everyday life".

Question 30

Children of 5 or 6 years are entering a new stage in the development of thinking, what Piaget referred to as the stage of ____________.

Question 31

More than _________ million children participate in youth sports every year in the United States.

Question 32

The preschool child's intelligence consists of _______ activity, as compared to the sensory and motor intelligence of the younger infant.

Question 33

Only a small minority of teenagers can be described as truly addicted to computer games.

Question 34

Involvement in both Little League baseball and Pop Warner football has declined in the past ten years.

Question 35

Most people in the United States who play computer games are between the ages of _______ and _______.

Question 36

There is a decrease in make-believe play during the elementary school years.

Question 37

American high school students simply talk to one another for approximately 2.5 hours a day.

Question 38

A _______ orientation emphasizes internal standards of mastery and self-improvement.

Question 39

When children enter the stage of concrete operations, for the first they are able to form mental representations of reality.

Question 40

Even by the beginning of adolescence, only about half of children's close friendships last longer than _________.

Question 41

List and describe the various functions of the peer group during the elementary school years. What can the peer group teach that adults cannot, or will not, teach children?

Question 42

Eight-year-old Heather collects fossils every time her family goes to their cottage during summer vacation. What might the benefits of Heather's hobby be in terms of her intellectual, social, and personality development?

Question 43

Your uncle has decided to enroll your six-year-old cousin in a hockey league, because it will benefit the child's health and because "sports build character". Based on the available research on the subject, what would you tell your uncle about the value for children of sports participation?

Question 44

Describe the general characteristics of the school-age child in terms of (a) a need for order, (b) a need to belong, and (c) a need for industry.

Question 45

Athletes can differentiate between a morality appropriate in sports and a morality of everyday life. What is the difference, and what does it tell us about the character-building potential of sports?

Question 46

How does adolescent play differ from, and how is it similar to, the play of younger children?

Question 47

List and describe the essential characteristics of games-with-rules. Why do some psychologists argue that such games are not really play at all?

Question 48

What specific intellectual skills allow adolescents to be more effective at problem solving that they were as children?