Deck 3: Birth and the Newborn Child

Question 1

The purpose of the episiotomy is to ____.

A)make the mother's vagina less likely to tear as the fetus's head comes out
B)cut open the mother's abdomen and retrieve the baby directly from the uterus
C)help the family manage their anxiety
D)assist the delivery process by placing a suction on the fetus's head and apply slight force

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to the text,oxytocin is released from the _____.

A)fetus's liver
B)mother's uterus
C)fetus's placenta
D)mother's pituitary gland

Answer 2

D

Question 3

____ is/are responsible for the discomfort and pain associated with the labor birth process stage of labor.

A)Increased blood pressure
B)Low blood sugar
C)Muscular contractions
D)Increased adrenaline

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Your brother and sister-in-law are discussing their plan to get to the hospital for the delivery of their first child.They are concerned about how quickly they could get to the hospital.You should tell them:

A)That is a very good plan.You cannot get to the hospital quickly enough
B)Labor for first pregnancies is 24 hours,so you could book a flight to a different city and still make it to the hospital.
C)I would not really worry about it too much; the average labor for first pregnancies is 12 hours.You should be able to make it!
D)Since they live in the city they should take a cab,many children are born in cabs and cab drivers know what they are doing.

Question 5

____ is the hormone that is released by the mother's pituitary gland that is responsible for initiating contractions in the uterus as a precursor to labor.

A)Androgen
B)Estrogen
C)Testosterone
D)Oxytocin

Question 6

On average,how long does the second stage of the birth process,delivery,last?

A)15-30 minutes
B)30 minutes-1 hour
C)1-5 hours
D)12-24 hours

Question 7

How many stages are in the birth process?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 8

____ describes when the fetus's head appears at the outer opening of the vagina.

A)Emerging
B)Turtling
C)Crowning
D)Exiting

Question 9

What is the first stage of the birth process and is the longest and most taxing stage?

A)labor
B)Braxton Hicks
C)crowning
D)transition

Question 10

What is the average length of labor for second or subsequent births?

A)6 hours
B)12 hours
C)24 hours
D)36 hours

Question 11

For first births,what is the average length of labor?

A)6 hours
B)12 hours
C)24 hours
D)36 hours

Question 12

Your best friend has recently had a 9.5-pound baby after a long and exhausting labor.She tells you that during labor her doctor performed an episiotomy to help ease the birth process.During this procedure _____

A)an incision is made to make the vaginal opening larger to prevent tearing
B)the fetus is delivered surgically
C)amniotic fluid is extracted so that genetic testing can be done
D)the fetus is in "distress"

Question 13

The second stage of the birthing process is called _____.

A)labor
B)delivery
C)transition
D)crowning

Question 14

You are all waiting at home for the birth of your nephew.Your brother texts you and writes that he can see the top of the head.Your little sister asks what that means and you tell her that ____.

A)labor will take another two or three hours
B)something must be wrong and the head is stuck
C)your nephew is being born in the breech position
D)your brother's partner is in the crowning stage of labor and your nephew is about ready to be born

Question 15

You are at one of your last scheduled prenatal office visits and the doctor determined that your cervix has dilated to 10 centimeters.What should happen next?

A)You should get to the hospital; you are ready to deliver the baby!
B)You probably have at least a week of pregnancy left.
C)Your doctor just made up that number.
D)Something is not good.Cervixes do not dilate to 10 centimeters.

Question 16

What is it called when the fetus's head appears at the outer opening of the vagina?

A)birth
B)transition
C)delivery
D)crowning

Question 17

What happens when the amount of oxytocin in a human female's blood reaches a certain threshold?

A)The likelihood of conception is at its highest.
B)The process of birth begins.
C)Labor pains are decreased considerably.
D)Lactation begins.

Question 18

What needs to dilate to 10 centimeters (4.5 inches)during the process of labor?

A)the cervix
B)the uterus
C)the fallopian tubes
D)the ovaries

Question 19

What is the name of the procedure in which an incision is made to make the vaginal opening larger?

A)crowning
B)episiotomy
C)vaginalectomy
D)amniocentesis

Question 20

Which of the following represents the

A)delivery of the placenta and umbilical cord,labor,delivery of the baby
B)delivery of the baby,delivery of the placenta and umbilical cord,labor
C)labor,delivery of the baby,delivery of the placenta and umbilical cord
D)delivery of the placenta and umbilical cord,delivery of the baby,labor

Question 21

Which of the following best describes a cesarean delivery?

A)a delivery process that takes longer than normal
B)when the cervix is dilated to 10 cm wide
C)surgically opening the mother's abdomen and retrieving the baby directly from the uterus
D)when the fetus is turned around so that the feet or the buttocks is presented in the birth canal first

Question 22

Over the course of evolutionary history,the female body and pelvis did not grow in size,but the human brain's size _____.

A)decreased by half
B)did not change
C)doubled
D)quadrupled

Question 23

What percentage of fetuses present in the breech position?

A)4%
B)20%
C)36%
D)50%

Question 24

According to the text,what is the likely reason for the high rate of cesarean births in some parts of the world?

A)so that physicians can become wealthy
B)to give surgeons practice
C)to avoid a potential disaster during birth
D)because vaginal deliveries are dangerous

Question 25

Until recently,cesarean-sections were risky surgical procedures because the field of medicine lacked ____.

A)sharp scalpels and rubber gloves
B)sterile procedures and antibiotics
C)anesthesia and epidurals
D)a basic understanding of the anatomy and physiology

Question 26

Breech births are potentially dangerous because the _____

A)umbilical cord can be constricted leading to brain damage
B)fetus can get stuck in the birth canal
C)fetus's heart might stop beating
D)mother can lose consciousness

Question 27

Because critics have argued that these procedures are unnecessary,they have decreased from 90% in 1970 to 20% in 2000.

A)crownings
B)episiotomies
C)vaginalectomies
D)amniocenteses

Question 28

If the umbilical cord is constricted during delivery which of the following is a potential danger for the fetus?

A)insufficient oxygen and brain damage
B)a toxic buildup of iron in the blood stream
C)elevated blood pressure and higher than normal heart rate
D)slow capillary refill,and cold and clammy skin

Question 29

What position is the fetus in when it is in a breech presentation?

A)feet or buttocks down
B)head down,face away from mother's spine
C)head down,face toward mother's spine
D)horizontal

Question 30

According to the text,if failure to progress continues for some time,what can be given to stimulate labor?

A)oxygen
B)gonadotropin
C)synthetic oxytocin
D)follical stimulating hormone

Question 31

Mehrak is HIV-positive and pregnant.Her physician wants to minimize the risk of the virus being transmitted to her child.Which of the following will help to minimize the risk of HIV transmission?

A)having a vaginal birth
B)having a cesarean-section
C)having a breech presentation
D)having a short prenatal period

Question 32

____ means that the woman has begun the birth process but the process is taking longer than normal.

A)Cesarean section
B)Breech presentation
C)Failure to progress
D)Nonorganic failure to thrive

Question 33

When birth has begun but the process is taking longer than normal,what is happening?

A)failure to progress
B)problematic labor
C)the increased likelihood that triplets are being born
D)the third stage of labor

Question 34

You and your family are anxiously awaiting the birth of your niece.You see one of the nurses and ask how things are going.She tells you that this might be a while because your sister is experiencing "failure to progress." Your grandmother overhears the conversation and become very uneasy.What do you tell her?

A)Not to worry,that simply means that labor is taking longer than they expected.
B)That the fetus is probably going to be born breech.
C)That the fetus is in "distress" and an emergency cesarean section will likely be performed.
D)The cervix has not dilated at all.

Question 35

What procedure involves removing the fetus from the uterus surgically?

A)fetalectomy
B)vaginal birth
C)cesarean birth
D)Episiotomy

Question 36

During what stage is the umbilical cord usually cut and tied?

A)crowning
B)active labor
C)transitional labor
D)The third stage of labor

Question 37

What occurs during the third and final stage of labor?

A)The amniotic sac ruptures.
B)The fetus's head crowns.
C)The fetus is born.
D)The placenta and umbilical cord are expelled.

Question 38

When the infant is turned around so the feet or the buttocks are positioned towards the birth canal,is known as ____.

A)upside-down baby
B)inverted fetus
C)F-B presentation
D)breech position

Question 39

What are the common complications of the birth process?

A)failure to progress and breech presentation
B)inverted infant and hormonal stress
C)cesarean delivery and epidural
D)fetal heart rate and fetal monitoring

Question 40

What is a strategy that can be used in latent labor if failure to progress occurs?

A)sitting
B)walking
C)labor massage
D)active stretching

Question 41

A midwife is ____.

A)a female who serves as a surrogate breast for an infant's mother who is unable to lactate
B)generally a female who is trained or has direct experience with the birth process
C)a trained physician who is skilled at monitoring the prenatal period and delivering babies
D)a village elder who is knowledgeable about and connected to the spiritual world

Question 42

Why has birth for humans become increasingly difficult?

A)Because humans have such extraordinarily large brains.
B)Because humans are more likely to have genetic difficulties.
C)Because humans are the only species to have single births.
D)Because humans are so immature at the time of birth.

Question 43

If a culture believes that the birth process is spiritually unclean,which of the following is more likely to occur?

A)The infant will have to be cleansed immediately following birth.
B)Birth will most likely take place in a location where most people do not reside.
C)The mother will have to travel to the city and give birth in a hospital.
D)The family must pray to the Birthing Gods before the birthing process can occur.

Question 44

From a traditional cultural perspective,which person will most likely assist the birth process?

A)an older man
B)a middle-age man
C)a young woman
D)an older women

Question 45

According to the text,some Western advocates of natural childbirth ____.

A)eat the placenta
B)bury the placenta
C)burn the placenta
D)make a skin lotion form the placenta

Question 46

Within traditional Indian culture,the midwife is a member of which social caste?

A)the lowest social caste
B)the intellectual social caste
C)the highest social caste
D)the social bourgeoisie caste

Question 47

Compared to other animals,the birth process for human beings is complicated by _____.

A)the size of the infant's head
B)the infant's muscle to fat ratio
C)the amount of amniotic fluid expelled
D)the mother's expectation of the birthing process

Question 48

What is one of the reasons that midwives perform abdominal massage?

A)to determine the position of the fetus
B)to determine the sex of the fetus
C)to determine the size of the fetus
D)to determine the length of the fetus

Question 49

Bronislaw Malinowski suggested that magical beliefs regarding the process of birth occur only in instances in which the ______.

A)culture is uneducated
B)group is highly religious
C)circumstances are not fully controlled
D)birth process is very easy

Question 50

Which of the following is a common practice used by midwives in both developing and developed nations?

A)magical rituals
B)massages
C)cesarean sections
D)epidurals

Question 51

On a recent trip abroad with her sociology course,your roommate mostly visited traditional cultures.She witnessed abdominal massage being performed with a pregnant woman,but was not sure what information was gathered during the process.You were able to tell her that through abdominal massage,the midwife was listening to what the pregnant woman was experiencing and also was determining the ____.

A)position of the fetus
B)sex of the fetus
C)size of the fetus
D)length of the fetus

Question 52

In traditional cultures,who invariably assists the mother in the birth process?

A)the father
B)the oldest daughter
C)older women
D)nurses

Question 53

If you were a member of the Ila people of Zimbabwe and just gave birth,how would others react and respond?

A)They would congratulate and present you with gifts.
B)They would shun you and fear the evil spirits that you brought into the village.
C)They would pity you because the birth process lowered your social status.
D)They would envy you because the status of motherhood is near godlike.

Question 54

In regards to the birth process,which of the following best describes the belief of many traditional cultures?

A)It is unfair that the man does not have a similar process.
B)Only women of status should have the right to bear children.
C)It puts the woman in the state of being spiritually unclean.
D)It is socially inappropriate and should not be rewarded in any way.

Question 55

According to the text,why do traditional cultures have many beliefs that the birth puts women in a state of being spiritually unclean?

A)They believe that pregnant women are possessed.
B)They believe that the fetus is evil.
C)Birth requires spiritual intervention.
D)Birth is often dangerous.

Question 56

A classmate just returned from an educational trip to a traditional culture.During her visit she was surprised that fathers are not involved at all during the process of labor.Who is more likely to assist the mother through labor and delivery?

A)The father
B)The oldest daughter
C)Older women
D)Nurses

Question 57

A ____ is the person who helps with the birth process; she is generally older and has direct experience or has been trained at assisting births.

A)nanny
B)midwife
C)wet nurse
D)shaman

Question 58

Neha was born in a traditional Indian culture.She is a midwife who assists women their village through labor and birth,which is believed to be an unclean process.What caste is Neha likely a part of?

A)low
B)the intellectual caste
C)the highest caste
D)the social elite

Question 59

Medical knowledge has led to methods that genuinely help mothers and babies only during the past ____.

A)200 years
B)100 years
C)50 years
D)10 years

Question 60

Midwives tend to be ______.

A)young women
B)sisters of the woman giving birth
C)older women who have never had children
D)older women who have had children

Question 61

During the 15th century,who became suspected of witchcraft,resulting in many being put to death?

A)nurses
B)pregnant women
C)fertility specialists
D)midwives

Question 62

What were two drugs commonly used during the 19th century to relieve pain during childbirth?

A)aspirin and alcohol
B)aspin bark and cedar extract
C)digitalis and foxglove
D)ether and chloroform

Question 63

Injecting an anesthetic drug into the spinal cord is referred to as a(n)____.

A)ultrasound
B)epidural
C)subcutaneous injection
D)episiotomy

Question 64

What is a liquid substance that in placed into the vagina to speed up the process of delivering the placenta in traditional cultures?

A)a saline solution
B)a medicated balm
C)an effervescent brine
D)a douche

Question 65

From the earlier half of the 20th century to 1973,the use of midwives _____.

A)increased to 40%
B)decreased from 50 to 1%
C)decreased by a third
D)increased from 1 to 50%

Question 66

What percent of births are assisted by midwives in the United States?

A)10%
B)30%
C)50%
D)70%

Question 67

Most births throughout history were administered by?

A)midwives
B)nurses
C)physicians
D)shamen

Question 68

Childbed fever was vanquished in the 1940s in the United States and Europe when obstetricians began to _____.

A)start making house calls
B)use vaccinations
C)wash their hands
D)use aspirin and acetaminophen

Question 69

What was the name of the method used to heavily medicate women in labor so that they became less inhibited,which helped her to relax and promoted cervical dilation?

A)Twilight Sleep
B)drug-induced coma
C)hypnosis
D)labor napping

Question 70

Your spouse is pregnant and you both were discussing the process of labor.When your grandmothers gave birth they did so in a delivery room in a particular position,which was also the worst position to be in when in delivery.What position was that?

A)Lying flat on her back
B)Squatting
C)Kneeling
D)Leaning on a hammock

Question 71

When comparing positions used for the birth process,kneeling or squatting has an advantage over lying flat because it makes use of _____

A)centripetal force
B)gravity
C)pelvic muscles
D)the uterine wall

Question 72

What percentage of births are assisted by midwives in Norway?

A)96%
B)70%
C)44%
D)20%

Question 73

____ involves injecting an anesthetic drug into a mother's spinal fluid to help her manage the pain while also remaining alert.

A)A cesarean section
B)An epidural
C)An amniocentesis
D)Braxton Hicks

Question 74

____ were commonly used before the 18th century to latch onto the baby's head to help extract it from the womb.

A)Claws
B)Forceps
C)Fires
D)Hooks

Question 75

Your father's family lives in Norway,and his sister is expecting a baby.She mentioned speaking with her midwife,and you were surprised to hear this-when your mother's sister had a baby in the United States the birth took place in a hospital.Your Norwegian aunt assures you that midwife-assisted births are very common.In fact,they account for _____ percent of all births.

A)96%
B)70%
C)44%
D)20%

Question 76

In the 20th century,which of the following was the most common position used during the birth process?

A)supine
B)upright
C)lying flat
D)squatting

Question 77

What is the name of a tong-like apparatus that was used to extract the baby's head from the womb?

A)fetal monitor
B)suction
C)forceps
D)transvaginal stirrup

Question 78

Nearly all cultures have some kind of ____ position that is used during the birthing process.

A)vertical
B)inverted
C)upright
D)left lateral

Question 79

What makes delivery much more difficult for the woman?

A)lying flat on her back
B)squatting
C)kneeling
D)leaning back on a hammock

Question 80

If you were a midwife during the 15th century,you could be in danger of being viewed as a ______.

A)witch
B)god
C)demon
D)ghost