Deck 12: Late Adulthood

Question 1

If an older adult is 82 years old,what developmental group would he or she be in?

A)young-old group
B)old-old group
C)middle-old group
D)oldest-old group

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Late adulthood is usually marked off by developmental psychologists as beginning at age ____.

A)55 years
B)60 years
C)65 years
D)70 years

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The number of persons aged 65 or older,divided by the number of persons age 20-64 is known as ____.

A)young adulthood as compared to aging (YACA)
B)old-age comparison to youthfulness (OACY)
C)age of retirement compared to the age of productivity (ARCAP)
D)old-age dependency ratio (OADR)

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Older people are more likely to have high status in cultures where:

A)older adults are quite virile
B)extended families are common
C)older adult men have very young wives
D)older adult women are the head of the families

Question 5

Increased social welfare and health entitlements during the 1960s and 1970s have now made older adults ____.

A)independent and powerful
B)dependent on social programs
C)the wealthiest segment of developed countries
D)the least wealthy segment of developed countries

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the Japanese ritual of kanreki?

A)It celebrates a person's retirement from work and marks a time of leisure and rest.
B)It celebrates a person's 60th birthday and their transition into the respected status of an elder.
C)It celebrates a person's movement into young adulthood and marks a time of personal and social responsibility.
D)It celebrates a person's graduation from college and their transition into the workforce as a productive member of society.

Question 7

Aoi is Japanese and just turned 60 years old,the celebration that his family will have to mark the occasion is called ____.

A)tomoko
B)kanreki
C)yoko
D)ayaka

Question 8

The practice that no matter how old children are,they owe obedience and respect to their parents,no matter how old the parents are is ____.

A)momma love
B)children imperative
C)parental positive regard
D)filial piety

Question 9

In what country is there a Respect for the Aged Day,which is a national holiday?

A)the United States
B)Japan
C)the Netherlands
D)Greece

Question 10

Your roommate was talking about how after the academic year he is going back to Japan.His grandfather is turning 60 years old and they have a ritual that symbolizes the person's freedom from previous responsibilities and elevates the individual to a new and respected status as elder.What is the name of this ritual?

A)kanreki
B)sensei
C)koto
D)utsubo

Question 11

The stage of late adulthood begins at age ____.

A)55
B)60
C)65
D)70

Question 12

A developmental psychologist and demographer would describe an individual who is 85 years or older as ____.

A)young-old
B)old-old
C)oldest-old
D)older-old

Question 13

An analysis of American television advertisements containing older adults (Miller et al.,2004)found that what percentage of them presented older adults in positive ways?

A)78%
B)68%
C)58%
D)48%

Question 14

If an older adult is 92 years old,what developmental group would he or she be in?

A)young-old group
B)old-old group
C)middle-old group
D)oldest-old group

Question 15

The old-age dependency ratio (OADR)is calculated as the number of persons ____.

A)age 65 or older,divided by the number of persons age 20 to 64
B)age 20 to 64,divided by the number of persons age 65 or older
C)age 55 or older,multiplied by the number of persons age 18 or older
D)age 55 or older,added to the number of persons age 21 or older

Question 16

Your 94-year-old great-grandmother is having difficulty with bathing,dressing,food preparation and eating,housekeeping,and paying bills.Your family is considering getting some professional nursing care for her.During the interview with the nursing care provider,the nurse asks what your great-grandmother's major concerns are.What would you tell the nurse?

A)activities of daily living
B)self-care activities
C)grooming behavior
D)adult activities

Question 17

In Asian cultures,the tradition of filial piety is ____.

A)obedience and respect to parents,no matter how old they are
B)honor and trust to everyone in the family
C)loyalty to the laws and codes of society
D)commitment to one's family and their village

Question 18

You are speaking with your 67-year-old grandfather who is jokingly telling you that he is about as old as one can get.Remembering your developmental class,what do you know about his age in reference to the lifespan? He is actually in the ____.

A)young-old group
B)old-old group
C)middle-old group
D)oldest-old group

Question 19

What percentage of Americans over 85 are impaired enough in their ADL capacities to be institutionalized in a nursing home or other facility?

A)10%
B)25%
C)50%
D)80%

Question 20

Countries that have a birth rate that is below 2.1 children per woman ____.

A)will see a decline in their total population
B)will see an increase in the total population
C)will see a leveling off in their total population
D)are unable to predict population values

Question 21

What concept signifies the actual competence and performance of older adults?

A)functional age
B)chronological age
C)competency age
D)geriatric age

Question 22

Your 5' 8"-tall grandfather always jokes that he used to be 6' 2".All of the other males in your family average about 5' 10" tall.Is he telling the truth about his original height? No,men lose height after 60,but is usually about ____.

A)1.0"
B)1.5"
C)2.0"
D)2.5"

Question 23

What is the term that is used to describe the inevitable biological aging that takes place in all members of the human species?

A)primary aging
B)secondary aging
C)tertiary aging
D)quaternary aging

Question 24

Your neighbor is quite upset.She is 82 years old and has been having some serious vision problems.You have suggested quite a few times that she needs to see her doctor.She finally went and she was told that she has cataracts.She feels like she is the only one her age that has this problem.What could you tell her regarding what percentage of adults her age have cataracts?

A)90%
B)70%
C)50%
D)30%

Question 25

What percentage of Americans over age 65 years have lost all of their natural teeth?

A)5%
B)10%
C)15%
D)20%

Question 26

____ is the decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet,insufficient exercise,and substance use,as well as environmental influences such as pollution.

A)Primary aging
B)Tertiary aging
C)Lateral aging
D)Secondary aging

Question 27

What percentage of Americans over 85 years of age are impaired enough to be institutionalized in a nursing home or other facility?

A)15%
B)25%
C)35%
D)45%

Question 28

What is the ratio of the number of person aged 65 years or older to the number of person aged 20 to 64 years (number of persons aged 65 years or older/number of persons 20 to 64)referred to as?

A)Medicare ratio
B)old-age dependency ratio
C)older adult to younger adult ratio
D)Social Security ratio

Question 29

What percentage of women older than 60 years of age exhibit osteoporosis?

A)33%
B)44%
C)55%
D)66%

Question 30

Your grandfather is joking that there are going to be more people over 60 years of age than there will be people under 15 soon.He says that there will not be enough people working to cover the costs of Social Security.By what year will people over 60 years of age outnumber those under age 15?

A)2020
B)2030
C)2040
D)2050

Question 31

In developed countries,what is the life expectancy of a person who is 65 years old?

A)5 to 10 additional years
B)15 to 20 additional years
C)25 to 30 additional years
D)35 to 40 additional years

Question 32

Around the world,about how much longer will women at age 65 live longer than men?

A)5 additional years
B)10 additional years
C)15 additional years
D)20 additional years

Question 33

Your grandmother is 87 and she has remarked to you that nearly all of her friends are women.She told you that it is rare to see a man over age 85.Is she

A)678 women
B)452 women
C)226 women
D)113 women

Question 34

What are age-related changes that occur due to the accumulation of decades of exposure to the sun,and are most likely to develop on light-skinned persons and on the part of the bodies that receive the most sun exposure: the face,arms,and hands?

A)melanoma
B)age spots
C)sun tan
D)age-related pigmentosa

Question 35

What is the ratio of the number of person aged 65 years or older to the number of person aged 20 to 64 years in Japan?

A)25%
B)35%
C)45%
D)55%

Question 36

____ is the inevitable biological aging that takes place in all members of the human species,as it takes place in all living organisms.

A)Primary aging
B)Secondary aging
C)Lateral aging
D)Tertiary aging

Question 37

Your grandmother has quite a bit of gray hair.She told you that she first started getting gray hair when she was 52 and it keeps getting grayer each year.What is happening that her hair is getting gray?

A)Gray pigments occur more frequently in older adults.
B)The hair becomes more transparent in old age.
C)Stress creates more gray pigment to appear in older adults.
D)Most people experience loss of pigment that provides hair color.

Question 38

____ is the inevitable biological aging that takes place in all members of the human species,as it takes place in all living organisms,whereas ____ is the decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet,insufficient exercise,and substance use,as well as environmental influences such as pollution.

A)Tertiary aging; vertical aging
B)Vertical aging; tertiary aging
C)Primary aging; secondary aging
D)Secondary aging; primary aging

Question 39

What is the term that is used to describe the decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet,insufficient exercise and substance use,as well as environmental influences such as pollution?

A)primary aging
B)secondary aging
C)tertiary aging
D)quaternary aging

Question 40

What percentage of persons over age 80 years rated their health as "good" or "excellent?"

A)16%
B)33%
C)48%
D)64%

Question 41

Body weight decline,mainly from eating less due to changes in the hormones that regulate hunger,is considered ____.

A)primary aging
B)secondary aging
C)tertiary aging
D)vertical aging

Question 42

The following description is of an individual in the early stages of ____? "The hair continues to become grayer and thinner in both men and women.Bones continue to thin,especially in women,which contributes to a stooped posture."

A)early adulthood
B)young adulthood
C)mid-adulthood
D)late adulthood

Question 43

Other than natural aging,which of the following are other known factors to increase the risk for hearing loss?

A)smoking cigarettes
B)excess of calcium
C)exposure to sun
D)sleep deprivation

Question 44

Aging is the main cause,but what increases the risk of macular degeneration?

A)un
B)lack of exercise
C)eating fish and green leafy vegetables
D)smoking

Question 45

What is a condition in which there is a progressive thickening of the lens causing vision to become cloudy,opaque,and distorted?

A)macular degeneration
B)cataracts
C)glaucoma
D)retinosis pigmentosa

Question 46

____ is the loss of acuity in the center of the visual field.

A)Glaucoma
B)A cataract
C)Tetanus
D)Macular degeneration

Question 47

____ involves hearing a ringing or buzzing sound with no external source.

A)Tinnitus
B)Glaucoma
C)A cataract
D)Macular degeneration

Question 48

In some people,fluid builds up in the eye and the pressure damages the optic nerve,leading to ____,which causes loss of peripheral vision.

A)glaucoma
B)a cataract
C)tetanus
D)macular degeneration

Question 49

On the skin,many people develop "age spots," or pools of dark pigment.Age spots are due to the accumulation of ____

A)decades of exposure to the sun
B)an overabundance of calcium
C)low levels of iron
D)undue stress and anxiety

Question 50

What percentage of older adults aged 75 and older develops macular degeneration?

A)10%
B)15%
C)20%
D)25%

Question 51

By age 70,roughly what percentage of individuals report some degree of hearing impairment?

A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)95%

Question 52

Teeth losing enamel and becoming yellower due the accumulated effects of food,tea,coffee,and tobacco is considered ____.

A)primary aging
B)secondary aging
C)tertiary aging
D)vertical aging

Question 53

About ____ of adults over age 65 report some degree of impairment in taste and smell.

A)one-fourth
B)one-half
C)two-thirds
D)three-fourths

Question 54

____ is a progressive thickening of the lens causing vision to become cloudy,opaque,and distorted.

A)A cataract
B)Macular degeneration
C)Glaucoma
D)Tinnitus

Question 55

What is the leading cause of blindness in late adulthood for people in developing countries?

A)macular degeneration
B)cataracts
C)glaucoma
D)retinosis pigmentosa

Question 56

You are talking to your grandmother and you keep hearing a noise that is a little irritating to you,but your grandmother does not seem to be bothered by it.Why?

A)She is good at ignoring irritating things.
B)It is a high-pitched noise,so she probably does not hear it.
C)It is a low-pitched noise,so she probably does not hear it.
D)She lip-reads and does not hear any noises.

Question 57

According to the textbook,about what percentage of older adults aged 90 years and older have glaucoma?

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 58

What percentage of persons over 85 years old report that their visual problems are serious enough to interfere with their daily lives?

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 59

The hair continues to become grayer and thinner in both men and women as they age.Actually,it is not that hair turns gray or white,but that it loses the pigments that had previously made it appear to be other colors.During what stage of life is this loss of pigment the most profound?

A)early adulthood
B)young adulthood
C)mid-adulthood
D)late adulthood

Question 60

Loss of bone mass is considered ____.

A)primary aging
B)secondary aging
C)tertiary aging
D)vertical aging

Question 61

Which are the following are correlating factors to sleep apnea?

A)obesity and heavy alcohol use
B)anemia and high levels of stress
C)a hyperactive central nervous system and low calcium levels
D)high exposure to sun and iron deficiencies

Question 62

From middle adulthood to late adulthood the amount of sleep people need ____.

A)declines slightly
B)declines sharply
C)increases slightly
D)increases sharply

Question 63

What can enhance sleep for many older adults?

A)taking naps during the day
B)drinking alcohol before bedtime
C)eating spicy foods
D)regular exercise

Question 64

What has lessened the stigma associated with hearing aids?

A)They are less outwardly visible.
B)Celebrities use them.
C)They work so well.
D)They are a sign of maturity.

Question 65

Your grandfather is having quite a bit of difficulty sleeping.Your grandmother told you that he sometimes stops breathing for 10 seconds or longer several times during the course of a typical night.What is the most common treatment for this difficulty?

A)prescription medications
B)alcohol prior to bedtime
C)sleeping in a chair
D)a continuous positive airway pressure device

Question 66

What is an especially common sleep problem of late adulthood affecting more than half of persons over age 65 years?

A)narcolepsy
B)sleep apnea
C)insomnia
D)snoring

Question 67

What type of sleep decreases with age?

A)alpha stage
B)Stage 1
C)State 4
D)REM

Question 68

After age 60 years,the olfactory bulbs in the brain ____.

A)enlarge
B)shrivel
C)become cancerous
D)start to dissected

Question 69

In adulthood,the prevalence of sleep problems begins to increase around age ____,but increases substantially again after age ____.

A)10; 30
B)20; 40
C)40; 60
D)60; 80

Question 70

Which of the following best describes sleep changes during late adulthood?

A)With age,most people come to prefer an earlier bedtime as well as an earlier wakeup time.
B)With age,most people come to prefer a later bedtime as well as a later wakeup time.
C)With age,most people come to prefer an earlier bedtime and a later wakeup time.
D)With age,most people come to prefer a later bedtime and an earlier wakeup time.

Question 71

What percentage of adults over the age of 80 years have impairments in taste and smell?

A)80%
B)60%
C)40%
D)20%

Question 72

People who hear a ringing or buzzing sound with no external source probably have:

A)macular degeneration
B)presbycusis
C)tinnitus
D)a chronic middle ear infection

Question 73

Sleep apnea is ____.

A)substantially more common in men than among women
B)substantially more common in women than among men
C)slightly more common in men than among women
D)slightly more common in women than among men

Question 74

____ is a sleep disorder in which breathing actually stops for 10 seconds or more numerous times in the course of a typical night,as the air passage to the lungs closes,resulting in a sudden loud snore as the airway opens again and the sleeper awakens.

A)Sleep apnea
B)Narcolepsy
C)Insomnia
D)Sleep-walking

Question 75

In late adulthood,the amount of time spent in Stage 1,the lightest sleep,____,and time in the deepest sleep of Stage 4 and REM sleep ____.

A)increases; decreases
B)decreases; increases
C)remains the same; decreases
D)decreases; remains the same

Question 76

Impairments in taste and smell can sometimes lead to ____.

A)obesity
B)alcoholism
C)malnutrition
D)excessive gum chewing

Question 77

In one study comparing adults over age 65 to younger adults,most of the older adults and virtually none of the younger adults described themselves as feeling healthiest and most alert ____.

A)"definitely late at night"
B)"definitely midday"
C)"definitely evenings"
D)"definitely mornings"

Question 78

Because conversations are strenuous and stressful when a person experiences hearing loss,loss of hearing can lead to ____.

A)presbycusis
B)social withdrawal
C)thinning cilia
D)tinnitus

Question 79

Several aspects of aging in late adulthood contribute to sleep disturbances.For men,what leads to frequent urination and can disrupt sleep?

A)atrophy of the bladder
B)shrinkage of the urethra
C)slowing of the digestive system
D)enlargement of the prostate gland

Question 80

You know that you should not be,but you are a smoker.Your grandmother has hearing aids and does not like them because they seem to amplify all types of sounds rather than just the ones she has a difficult time hearing.What is one of the things that you can do so that you do not have the same difficulties with hearing as your grandmother?

A)Eat fish and green leafy vegetables.
B)Practice listening very carefully to conversations.
C)Stop smoking.
D)Turn down your mp3 player's volume.