Deck 13: Death and Afterlife Beliefs

Question 1

In developed countries deaths under age 5 years are rare and occur most often due to ____.

A)SIDS
B)infectious diseases
C)accidents
D)abuse

Answer 1

C

Question 2

During the 20th century which of the following stages of life had the highest mortality rate?

A)prenatal period
B)infancy
C)toddlerhood
D)early childhood

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Prior to the 20th century,death by heart disease or cancer was dramatically low.Which of the following was a major contributing cause?

A)infectious diseases and a short life expectancy
B)diets that were made up of natural and organic foods
C)better access to health care facilities and trained physicians
D)an agrarian-based lifestyle that was far removed from carcinogens

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Based upon historical records ____ were the dominant causes of death until the early 20th century.

A)industrial accidents
B)infectious diseases
C)starvation and malnutrition
D)farming and residential accidents

Question 5

If one wanted to combat the leading cause of death for children under the age of 5 in developing countries,he or she should develop a plan that addresses ____.

A)abuse and neglect
B)malnutrition and starvation
C)infectious diseases
D)death by accident

Question 6

Which of the following dramatically reduced death rates due to infectious diseases during the 20th century?

A)access to health care,health insurance,and better trained physicians
B)economic wealth,improvements in medicine,and the automobile
C)vaccinations,antibiotics,and better sanitation
D)better nutritional foods,vaccinations,and antibiotics

Question 7

Until the past century,young men frequently died in ____.

A)motor vehicle accidents
B)industrial accidents
C)farm accidents
D)wars

Question 8

During which time period are individuals most susceptible to heart disease and cancer?

A)emerging and young adulthood
B)young and early adulthood
C)early and middle adulthood
D)middle and late adulthood

Question 9

Until the past century,____ was the life stage with the highest mortality rates.

A)the prenatal period
B)infancy
C)toddlerhood
D)early childhood

Question 10

In the course of the 20th century,medical advances resulted in a dramatic decline in the rate of death from infectious diseases,from over 50% in the middle of the 19th century to what percentage today?

A)5%
B)10%
C)15%
D)20%

Question 11

What was the dominant cause of death until the 20th century?

A)cardiovascular disease
B)infectious diseases
C)cancer
D)accidents

Question 12

Until the past century,young women frequently died in ____.

A)childbirth
B)industrial accidents
C)farm accidents
D)motor vehicles accidents

Question 13

In developed countries ____ is/are the leading cause of death for children under age 5.

A)abuse
B)malnutrition
C)infectious diseases
D)accidents

Question 14

In ____,infectious diseases remain the primary cause of death for children under age 5.

A)developing countries
B)developed countries
C)collective cultures
D)individualistic cultures

Question 15

In developing countries ____ is/are the leading cause of death for children under age 5.

A)abuse
B)malnutrition
C)infectious diseases
D)accidents

Question 16

Infectious diseases remain the primary cause of death for children under age 5 for which of the following continents?

A)Australia
B)Antarctica
C)Africa
D)South America

Question 17

Until the past century,which of the following factors contributed greatly to the high mortality rate for young children?

A)lack of micronutrients
B)malnourishment
C)infectious diseases
D)accidents and injuries

Question 18

Until the past century,young women frequently died in ____,whereas young men frequently died in ____.

A)wars; motor vehicle accident
B)motor vehicle accidents; industrial accident
C)the workforce; farm accidents
D)childbirth; wars

Question 19

Until the past century,people who survived into young adulthood and beyond were nevertheless susceptible to death from infection diseases such as ____.

A)diphtheria,tuberculosis,and smallpox
B)smallpox,HIV,and typhus
C)diphtheria,swine flu,and smallpox
D)mad cow disease,tuberculosis,typhus

Question 20

What is the primary cause of death in developing countries,especially for children under age 5?

A)SIDS
B)infectious diseases
C)accidents
D)abuse

Question 21

Your Uncle Bruce has a family history of heart disease.Which of the following recommendations can you make that will help him lower his risk?

A)maintain a diet that is low in fats and sugars,and quit smoking
B)maintain a diet that is high in vitamin C and folic acid,and exercise regularly
C)maintain a diet that is low in calcium and vitamin B₁,and quit smoking
D)maintain a diet that is high in fluoride and iodine,and exercise regularly

Question 22

The buildup of plaque on arterial walls is also known as ____.

A)arthritis.
B)oncogenes.
C)atherosclerosis.
D)angina pectoris.

Question 23

Your grandfather has been an avid smoker for most of his adult life.You are visiting him and he suddenly becomes weak,dizzy,and confused,has shortness of breath and is feeling acute chest pain.What is your grandfather experiencing?

A)cardiovascular disease
B)a Heart Attack
C)angina pectoris
D)stress-induced fatigue

Question 24

Within the United States,what group has the lowest rates of death from heart disease?

A)Native Americans
B)Whites
C)African Americans
D)Latinos

Question 25

As atherosclerosis becomes more severe,a person may experience symptoms involving severe pain in the chest,neck,and left arm known as ____.

A)cardiovascular disease
B)a heart attack
C)angina pectoris
D)stress-induced fatigue

Question 26

During adolescence,emerging adulthood,and young adulthood,the most common causes of death in developed countries are accidents,homicide,and ____.

A)cancer
B)cardiovascular disease
C)suicide
D)infectious diseases

Question 27

What has symptoms that include acute pain,weakness,dizziness,confusion,and shortness of breath?

A)cardiovascular disease
B)a Heart Attack
C)angina pectoris
D)stress-induced fatigue

Question 28

Which of the following is the leading cause of death among adults who live in developed nations?

A)infectious diseases
B)accidents
C)cardiovascular disease
D)cancer

Question 29

In developing countries ____ is/are the leading cause of death for children under age 5,whereas in developed countries ____ is/are the leading cause of death.

A)abuse; malnutrition
B)malnutrition; abuse
C)infectious diseases; accidents
D)accidents; infectious diseases

Question 30

If one wanted to combat the leading cause of death for children under the age of 5 in developed countries,he or she should develop a plan that addresses ____.

A)abuse and neglect
B)malnutrition and starvation
C)infectious diseases
D)death by accident

Question 31

At 4:30 am Thomas awakes,experiencing pain that is radiating from his chest toward his left arm.At first he thinks that it is just sore muscles; however,the pain progressively gets worse,to a point where it is unbearable.Getting concerned,he calls for an ambulance.Which of the following best describes Thomas's pain?

A)arthritis
B)oncogenes
C)atherosclerosis
D)angina pectoris

Question 32

In developed countries,what percentage of people who experience a heart attack die before reaching the hospital?

A)90%
B)70%
C)50%
D)30%

Question 33

Within the United States,what group has the highest rates of death from heart disease?

A)Asian Americans
B)Whites
C)African Americans
D)Latinos

Question 34

The major sources of death in the later stages of the lifespan are ____.

A)homicide and suicide
B)cardiovascular disease and cancer
C)infectious and communicable diseases
D)automobile and home accidents

Question 35

What percentage of individuals who survive a heart attack die within a year of having the heart attack?

A)90%
B)70%
C)50%
D)30%

Question 36

Angina pectoris is ____.

A)the degeneration of neural pathways within cerebral cortex
B)a blockage or rupture an artery that supplies the brain
C)severe pain in the chest,neck,and left arm
D)the buildup of plaque on arterial walls

Question 37

Smoking is known to contribute to heart disease.Which of the following groups have a higher rate of smoking in adulthood,which contributes to their relatively high rate of heart disease?

A)western Australians and North Americans
B)eastern Europeans and central Africans
C)Asian Americans and South Americans
D)African Americans and eastern Europeans

Question 38

Within the United States,rates of death from heart disease are highest among ____ Americans and lowest among ____ Americans

A)Latinos and Asian; White
B)African; Latinos and Asian
C)White; African and Asian
D)African; Asian and White

Question 39

In ____,the arteries that supply the heart with blood become gradually narrower due to a buildup of plaque until the buildup becomes severe enough to threaten health and life.

A)gastrointestinal disease
B)lung disease
C)cancer
D)heart disease

Question 40

What is one of the major cultural reasons that there are differences in rates of death from heart disease among ethnic groups in the United States?

A)diet
B)exercise
C)sedentary employment
D)lack of health insurance

Question 41

As compared to the 1950s,fewer Americans smoke cigarettes and this has led to a dramatic decrease in heart disease.Since the 1950s the rate of heart disease has decreased by ____.

A)1/8
B)1/4
C)1/3
D)1/2

Question 42

Which of the following are three factors cited in the text that contribute to heart disease?

A)diabetes,smoking,and regular exercise
B)obesity,cancer,and working in environments that are high in carcinogens
C)smoking,diabetes,and industrial and environmental pollutants
D)diets that are high in fats and sugars,smoking,and obesity

Question 43

With each cell replication,telomeres become slightly ____ and eventually replication cannot occur.

A)rounder
B)flatter
C)longer
D)shorter

Question 44

You have a friend who always says "you cannot legislate healthy living." You think that this is really not true,and point to the relationship between state-wide smoking bans and rates of heart attacks as evidence.What happens when a state or country bans smoking in public places? Rates of heart attacks decline by what percentage during the first year after the ban?

A)5%,so your friend is
B)10%,so your friend is
C)30%,so you are
D)50%,so you are

Question 45

What is the percentage of change in rates of death from heart disease from 1950 to today?

A)22% less
B)33% less
C)44% less
D)55% less

Question 46

Your older brother is 28 years old and smokes.He claims that a lot of people smoke today.Is he accurate?

A)No,only 20% of American adults smoke.
B)No,only 30% of American adults smoke.
C)Yes,40% of American adults smoke.
D)Yes,50% of American adults smoke.

Question 47

What is reason for the percentage of change in rates of death from heart disease from 1950 to today?

A)reduction in obesity
B)smoking cessation
C)increased exercise
D)more individuals have health insurance

Question 48

What percentage of cancer deaths occur in persons who are age 65 older?

A)90%
B)70%
C)50%
D)30%

Question 49

As they drift about the cell in their unstable state,____ cause damage to the DNA and other structures the cell needs to function.

A)liberated radicals
B)gratis radicals
C)rogue radicals
D)free radicals

Question 50

What is the most common period of life for cancer?

A)emerging adulthood
B)young adulthood
C)middle adulthood
D)late adulthood

Question 51

What type of genes stop the activity of the genes that previously functioned normally but now produce abnormal cell duplication?

A)stability genes
B)oncogenes
C)tumor suppressor genes
D)cancer genes

Question 52

Biologist Leonard Hayflick first discovered that cells can replicate themselves about ____ times before they lose their ability to reproduce.

A)10
B)25
C)50
D)100

Question 53

What type of genes previously functioned normally but now produce abnormal cell duplication?

A)stability genes
B)oncogenes
C)tumor suppressor genes
D)Cancer genes

Question 54

What is the principle that indicates that after about 50 doublings cells lose their ability to replicate?

A)Hayflick limit
B)cell limit
C)replication limit
D)HELA limit

Question 55

Shortened telomeres of cells have been found to be associated with a wide range of diseases including ____.

A)hypertension
B)Alzheimer's disease
C)cancer
D)diabetes

Question 56

In the course of metabolizing oxygen,our cells create unstable oxygen molecules that contain an unpaired electron.These molecules are known as ____.

A)liberated radicals
B)gratis radicals
C)rogue radicals
D)free radicals

Question 57

What type of genes repair mistakes in DNA replication during cell replacement?

A)stability genes
B)oncogenes
C)tumor suppressor genes
D)cancer genes

Question 58

____ lie in a part of the cell DNA at the end of chromosomes and are thought to be the location where cells lose their ability to replicate.

A)Telomeres
B)Free radicals
C)Antioxidants
D)Atherosclerosis

Question 59

What is the end of the chromosome called?

A)chromere
B)endomere
C)telomere
D)genomere

Question 60

Cancer is more common in men because men are more likely to ____.

A)engage in high-risk behaviors
B)smoke
C)be alcoholics
D)be obese

Question 61

DHEA is a hormone involved in muscle growth,bone density,and the functioning of the cardiovascular system.DHEA production increases until about age 30 years of age and then decreases.The levels of DHEA at age 80 is about what percentage of what it was at age 30?

A)5%
B)15%
C)25%
D)35%

Question 62

Experimental studies in which animals and humans receive supplements of ____ have been shown to increase muscle mass and bone density,reduce fat,and increase activity levels.

A)antidepressants
B)vitamin C and B₁₂
C)collagen injections
D)growth hormones

Question 63

Which of the following are known side effects of the prolonged use of growth hormones?

A)thinning of hair,hearing impairment,and loss of visual acuity
B)growth of excess hair,liver damage,and abnormal growth of hands
C)thinning of hair,scoliosis,and jaundice
D)growth of sores on the skin,nearsightedness,and eczema

Question 64

In a wide variety of animal species,decreasing caloric intake by 30 to 50% results in an increase in the lifespan of approximately what percentage?

A)30%
B)50%
C)70%
D)90%

Question 65

In a wide variety of animal species,decreasing caloric intake by ____% results in an increase in lifespan of up to 50%.

A)5 to 10
B)10 to 30
C)30 to 50
D)50 to 70

Question 66

Your 32-year-old brother has decided to reduce his caloric intake to improve his health.Research by Fontana et al.(2004)has determined that he is likely to benefit in what ways?

A)better cardiovascular functioning and lower blood pressure
B)low risks of cancer and infectious diseases
C)lower probability of obesity and stroke
D)longer lifespan and less risk of senile dementia

Question 67

____ is a hormone that is involved in muscle growth,bone density,and the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

A)TSAE
B)MMPI
C)CIAFBI
D)DHEA

Question 68

____ absorb the extra electron in the free radicals and thereby prevent them from damaging the cell.

A)Antioxidants
B)Anticellulars
C)Antisocials
D)Antiradicals

Question 69

If you were to compare the telomeres of healthy centenarians with those who have chronic illnesses (e.g.,heart disease,cancer or diabetes)what would you find? Include a definition of telomeres in your explanation).

Question 70

Fruits and vegetables that contain beta-carotene and vitamins E and C are recommended because they are high in ____.

A)antioxidants
B)anticellulars
C)antisocials
D)antiradicals

Question 71

If you were a 45-year-old man living in Africa,what would be your most likely cause of death? How does this compare to the most likely cause of death for 45-year-old men living in a developed country such as Canada?

Question 72

Explain three contributing factors that place an individual at a higher risk for CHD.

Question 73

Philip was watching a television show in which a doctor promoted reducing caloric intake as a means to increase longevity.The physician stated that if individuals reduced caloric intake by 30 to 50% it might increase one's lifespan by 50%.As discussed in the text,and related to this scenario,which of the following best describes the topic?

A)a calorie-limited consumption diet
B)a calorie-restricted diet
C)a calorie miser diet
D)a calorie Scrooge diet

Question 74

Your aunt has been using a substance that has yielded increased muscle mass and bone density,reduced fat,and increased activity levels.What is this substance?

A)Estrogen
B)Progesterone
C)Growth hormone
D)Testosterone

Question 75

According to this video,what is the most common type of heart disease?

A)enlarged heart
B)congenital abnormalities
C)deterioration of the heart
D)Coronary Heart Disease

Question 76

Your roommate is an avid runner.She runs at least 3 miles every day and generally runs 6 to 8 miles on the weekends.Researchers have suggested that people who run are more likely to have free radicals,which can be damaging to cells.The presence of what substance might help to reduce the damaging effects of free radicals?

A)antichromerase
B)antitelemerase
C)anticancerous
D)antioxidants

Question 77

Is there evidence that humans are genetically preprogrammed to die at a certain point in the lifespan? Explain.

Question 78

In what part of the lifespan is cancer most common? Explain why.

Question 79

List the symptoms of CHD as described in this video.

Question 80

Describe one area of research that has shown promise in reducing some of the physiological effects of aging.