Deck 10: Young Adulthood

Question 1

What do emerging adults in Korea and China view as the most important criterion that signals adulthood?

A)completing military service
B)supporting a family financially
C)being able to support their parents financially
D)emotional self-control

Answer 1

C

Question 2

From a meta-analysis of young people from their early teens to their late twenties,which of the following is a

A)accepting responsibility for oneself,becoming financially independent,and making independent decisions
B)becoming financially independent,making independent decisions,and accepting responsibility for oneself
C)making independent decisions,accepting responsibility for oneself,and becoming financially independent
D)accepting responsibility for oneself,making independent decisions,and becoming financially independent

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What do emerging adults in India view as the most important criterion that signals adulthood?

A)completing military service
B)supporting a family financially
C)being able to support their parents financially
D)emotional self-control

Answer 3

D

Question 4

From a meta-analysis of young people from their early teens to their late twenties,which of the following is the second most important marker of the transition to adulthood?

A)possessing emotional stability
B)accepting responsibility for oneself
C)becoming financially independent
D)making independent decisions

Question 5

Anthropologists have found that in virtually all ____,the transition to adulthood is clearly and explicitly marked by marriage.

A)modern individualistic cultures
B)non-traditional,Western cultures
C)traditional,non-Western cultures
D)historical developed nations

Question 6

Your roommate and you are discussing what you believe to be the most important aspect of what defines adulthood.Your roommate is arguing that emotional self-control is the most important criterion for adulthood.Based on the text,she is likely from what country?

A)Argentina
B)Israel
C)Korea
D)India

Question 7

From a meta-analysis,young people from their early teens to their late 20s agreed that the most important markers of the transition to adulthood are ____.

A)making independent decisions,living independently,and being emotionally stable
B)becoming emotionally stable,possessing behavioral control,and having cognitive maturity
C)accepting responsibility for oneself,making independent decisions,and becoming financially independent
D)possessing cognitive with-it-ness,accepting responsibility for oneself,and living independently

Question 8

In industrialized societies,where does marriage rank in surveys of possible criteria for adult status?

A)near the bottom
B)toward the middle
C)near the top
D)at the very top

Question 9

What do young Argentines view as the most important criterion that signals adulthood?

A)completing military service
B)supporting a family financially
C)being able to support their parents financially
D)emotional self-control

Question 10

From a meta-analysis of young people from their early teens to their late twenties,which of the following is the third most important marker of the transition to adulthood?

A)becoming financially independent
B)accepting responsibility for oneself
C)making independent decisions
D)possessing the ability to self-regulate one's emotions

Question 11

In developed countries how many young people believe that marriage is an important marker of the transition into adulthood?

A)very few
B)some
C)most
D)nearly all

Question 12

If a culture were to promote individualism,it would emphasize the importance of ____.

A)family unity and societal cohesiveness
B)learning to stand alone as a self-sufficient person
C)altruistic behaviors and prosocial engagement
D)cooperative learning and group cohesion

Question 13

For individuals in developed countries what is the most important marker of the transition to adulthood?

A)accepting responsibility for oneself
B)getting married
C)having children
D)graduating from college

Question 14

Jefferson was late to work,speeding,and was pulled over and given a ticket.Without too much fuss he reluctantly paid the fine knowing full well he should not have been speeding.Which of the following characteristics of adulthood most closely resembles Jefferson's attitude?

A)accepting responsibility for oneself
B)making independent decisions
C)becoming financially independent
D)possessing emotional stability

Question 15

Your brother met many new friends while he was in the Peace Corps.One of them,who is from a small village in Central Africa,is visiting and you are having a discussion regarding when adulthood begins.He argues that you are officially an adult when you get married.As an American,what is your opinion most likely to be?

A)You agree,adulthood begins with marriage.
B)You are not sure,but all of your friends believe that marriage marks the beginning of adulthood.
C)You argue that people from his village get married too young.
D)You disagree with him,but realize that your opinions reflect cultural differences.

Question 16

What do young Israelis view as the most important criterion that signals adulthood?

A)completing military service
B)supporting a spouse and child financially
C)being able to support their parents financially
D)emotional self-control

Question 17

Anthropologists have found that in virtually all traditional,non-Western cultures,the transition to adulthood is clearly and explicitly marked by ____.

A)leaving the parental household
B)completing secondary education
C)marriage
D)the birth of first child

Question 18

Which of the following markers of adulthood is more similar to the beliefs of a collective culture?

A)living independently in one's house or apartment
B)having graduated from high school and college
C)being financially independent and self-sufficient
D)being able to support one's parents financially

Question 19

Britney is 23 years old and has been working full-time for the past two years.She has her own apartment,a balanced checkbook,and a substantial savings account.This is not by chance,because Britney's parents instilled that wise financial decisions are important in life.The way things are headed it looks as if Britney will be able to purchase her own house in a few years.Which of the following markers of adulthood has Brittany achieved?

A)accepting responsibility for oneself
B)making independent decisions
C)becoming financially independent
D)possessing emotional stability

Question 20

At what age do most people in most cultures feel like they are adults?

A)late adolescence
B)early twenties
C)late twenties
D)early thirties

Question 21

Davis and Davis (2007)asked young Moroccans how they knew they were grown up.What did they emphasize?

A)completion of formal education
B)chronological age or physical development
C)the religious ceremony that marked adulthood
D)marriage

Question 22

For most individuals signs of aging,such as having gray hair,appear in their ____.

A)20s
B)30s
C)40s
D)50s

Question 23

What do about 30 to 50% of Western and Asian women do to their hair during young adulthood?

A)cut it very short for convenience
B)color or dye it
C)replace it with wigs and hair pieces
D)nothing

Question 24

At what age do people generally find their first gray hair?

A)20s
B)30s
C)40s
D)50s

Question 25

During young adulthood the heart muscle starts to become ____,but this is not noticeable except during times of ____.

A)more pliable; deep relaxation
B)more rigid; intense physical activity
C)more pliable; intense physical activity
D)more rigid; deep relaxation

Question 26

What do traditional cultures value as the key transition to adulthood because they prize the collectivistic value of interdependence more highly than the individualistic value of independence?

A)financially supporting siblings,parents,and grandparents
B)remaining in the parental house
C)marriage
D)having a large family

Question 27

Which of the following is why the skin becomes looser and why muscle mass decreases during young adulthood and beyond?

A)there is an increase in white blood cells
B)there is an increase in the production of vitamin D
C)there is a substantial decrease in iron
D)there is a decrease in growth hormones

Question 28

In traditional cultures the collectivistic value of ____ is more highly prized than the individualistic value of ____.

A)self-promotion; assertiveness
B)assertiveness; self-promotion
C)independence; interdependence
D)interdependence; independence

Question 29

Which of the following personal characteristics is highly prized in individualistic cultures?

A)interdependence
B)independence
C)group cohesion
D)conformity

Question 30

About ____ of men of European descent experience substantial hair loss by age 40.

A)1/4
B)1/2
C)2/3
D)3/4

Question 31

It is estimated that ____ of adult women in the West and in Asia color their hair,in part to conceal gray hairs and maintain a youthful appearance.

A)1/8 to 1/4
B)1/3 to 1/2
C)2/3 to 3/4
D)nearly all

Question 32

During young adulthood what age-related change occurs to the heart muscle?

A)It becomes more rigid.
B)nothing
C)It becomes stronger,which aids in endurance training.
D)It becomes more elastic,aiding in oxygen delivery to muscles during intense exercise.

Question 33

For most people how much physical decline occurs through the thirties?

A)little
B)some
C)none
D)quite a lot

Question 34

What is the most obvious indicator that aging begins in young adulthood?

A)thinning skin
B)graying hair
C)decrease in bone density
D)cataracts

Question 35

Frank is of European descent and about 10 years ago he noticed his first gray hair.At first he wasn't bothered; however,now his gray hairs are getting more numerous and his hairline has begun to recede.Based upon the information provided what is Frank's estimated age?

A)Frank is in his 20s.
B)Frank is in his 30s.
C)Frank is in his 40s.
D)Frank is in his 50s.

Question 36

Your 35-year-old roommate has very white skin and likes to have a tan for the summer.She is also very concerned about looking as young as possible.What would be the best advice that you could give her regarding her skin?

A)Keep on tanning,it makes her look beautiful.
B)Make sure to only use SPF 10 sunscreen so that she can get the darkest tan.
C)Exposing her skin to direct sunlight will prematurely age her skin.
D)Not to worry,people who are white have skin that ages the slowest.

Question 37

In terms of the respiratory system,vital capacity is the maximum ____.

A)speed with which a person can exhale one breath of air
B)amount of air that can be contained in the lungs
C)number of inhalations per minute during intense exercise
D)amount of carbon dioxide that can be exhaled during intense exercise

Question 38

Your 32-year-old sister noticed a couple of gray hairs and is now worried that she is aging prematurely What do you tell her?

A)She is aging prematurely! Hardly anyone in young adulthood has any gray hair
B)The beginning of gray hair occurs for many individuals during young adulthood so she should not be worried.
C)Developmentalist do not consider gray hair as a sign of aging.
D)She probably did not actually see any gray hair.It would be rare to find a gray hair in young adulthood.

Question 39

Which of the following personal characteristics is highly prized in collective cultures?

A)interdependence
B)independence
C)self-promotion
D)assertiveness

Question 40

People who have what color skin generally experience skin aging sooner?

A)black
B)brown
C)yellow
D)white

Question 41

A person's body mass index (BMI)is his or her ____.

A)ratio of height to weight
B)percentage of body fat
C)weight as compared to age
D)the type of body style a person possesses

Question 42

Your 27-year-old brother and you decide to get in shape and start running.After the first run of 3 miles,your brother is winded and tired.He is surprised because he was a cross-country runner in high school.What would you tell him?

A)He is experiencing a normal decline in vital capacity.
B)He really needs to go to the doctor,that there must be something wrong with him
C)He is simply too old to run any longer.
D)After years of a sedentary lifestyle,he is probably at risk of a heart attack.

Question 43

What happens to the basal metabolic rate (BMR)between ages 25 and 50 years?

A)it increases
B)it declines
C)it remains consistently the same
D)it increases until age 40 and then decreases

Question 44

Becky is an adult with a BMI of 27.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Becky would be classified as ____.

A)underweight
B)average in weight
C)overweight
D)obese

Question 45

During young adulthood the immune system experiences a decrease in effectiveness because ____

A)the production of T cells and B cells declines
B)the production of white blood cells and red blood cells increase
C)the production of melatonin and vitamin D decreases
D)the speed of the central nervous system and the frontal lobe decreases

Question 46

Your father has been steadily getting heavier.You would like for him to begin exercising to help reduce his weight.He thinks that he is doing really well in terms of his weight for his age.After visiting the doctor,he still thinks that he is doing well even though he has a BMI of 34.What would you tell him? His BMI ____.

A)indicates that he is doing very well for his age
B)indicates that he is obese and definitely needs to lose weight
C)indicates that he is very strong and muscular
D)is actually lower than most people his age

Question 47

For adults,having a BMI of more than what defines being obese?

A)10
B)20
C)25
D)30

Question 48

The National Study of Adolescent Health followed teens until they were young adults.Over that time period obesity rates increased from 13% among adolescents to what rate in young adults?

A)20%
B)28%
C)36%
D)44%

Question 49

In a national longitudinal study on weight and obesity,it was found that ____ had the largest increase of obesity from the time period of adolescence into young adulthood.

A)Latino American men
B)Asian American women
C)White American men
D)African American women

Question 50

During young adulthood,the thymus gradually reduces its production of ____.

A)T cells
B)B cells
C)Y cells
D)H cells

Question 51

Your 42-year-old uncle has been very health-conscious for many years.He runs and exercises with weights and thinks that he can eat like he always has.What would you tell him with regard to BMR?

A)BMR declines as a function of exercise.
B)BMR does not play a role in weight gain.
C)BMR naturally increases so he is
D)BMR naturally decreases beginning at age 25 and he will likely be gaining weight if he does not reduce his intake of calories.

Question 52

For adults,a person with a BMI of over ___ is classified as overweight,and a person with a BMI over ____ is obese.

A)15; 20
B)20; 25
C)25; 30
D)30; 35

Question 53

At what age does vital capacity begin to decrease?

A)25
B)30
C)35
D)40

Question 54

The basal metabolic rate (BMR)is the amount of energy the body uses when ____.

A)at rest
B)working at peak performance
C)it repairs itself
D)fighting an infection

Question 55

George is a young adult with a BMI of 32.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,George would be classified as ____.

A)underweight
B)average in weight
C)overweight
D)obese

Question 56

Your friend,who is 29 years old,has steadily gained weight since graduating from high school.What would be the best advice you could give her with regard to losing weight?

A)Due to increased BMR,she will need to do very little to lose weight.She just needs to stop overeating.
B)Due to increased BMR,she will need to begin exercising and/or eating more.
C)Due to decreased BMR,she will need to eat less.
D)Due to decreased BMR,she will need to begin exercising and/or eating less.

Question 57

____ is the amount of energy the body uses when at rest.

A)Basal metabolic rate
B)Body mass index
C)Set-point metabolism
D)Glucose consumption index

Question 58

The ____ is a gland in the upper part of the chest that is responsible for the production of disease-fighting T cells.

A)thymus
B)hippocampus
C)thyroid
D)hypothalamus

Question 59

BMI is calculated by examining a person's:

A)heart rate after 1 minute of intense exercise
B)skin fold thickness
C)ratio of height to weight
D)maximum carbon dioxide replacement

Question 60

During young adulthood rigidity gradually develops in the tendons and muscles of the lungs,chest,and ribs,which leads to a decrease in vital capacity,defined as ____.

A)the maximum amount of air that can be contained in the lungs
B)the minimum amount of air needed to sustain life
C)the maximum amount carbon dioxide needed to avoid death
D)the minimum amount of pressure the diaphragm needs to exert to expand the lungs

Question 61

What reduces the risk of a variety of illnesses and diseases in middle adulthood including diabetes,cardiovascular disease,and several types of cancers?

A)taking vitamin supplements
B)exercising
C)laughing to reduce stress
D)completing a degree in higher education and getting a high-paying job

Question 62

What happens to physical activity through the twenties and thirties across developed countries?

A)Because of starting families,young adults are more physically active because they are likely playing with their children.
B)Due to starting careers,physical activity increases tremendously.
C)Physical activity continuously drops.
D)Since most jobs require considerable physical activity,young adults engage in increasingly more physical activity.

Question 63

Activities such as running and swimming are known as ____.

A)anaerobic exercise
B)aerobic exercise
C)endurance exercise
D)kinisi exercise

Question 64

Brianna is a 30-year-old woman who lives in a very low SES neighborhood and raises her two children alone.Within a mile of her apartment,there are several fast food restaurants and some convenience stores.Like many of her neighbors,Brianna is obese and her children are overweight.What makes Brianna and her children typical among low-SES families?

A)Her neighborhood is not characteristic of lower SES families,as this portion of the population is most likely to embrace the values of a healthy lifestyle.
B)She is actually atypical.Lower SES individuals have the lowest rates of obesity.
C)Many lower SES families grow their own vegetables,and the surplus of food means that they frequently overeat.
D)Unhealthy foods are the most convenient and least inexpensive to purchase

Question 65

What is a major contributor to the increasing obesity rates in developing countries?

A)the adoption of Western foods
B)eating foods low in sugar and fat
C)the desire to look more "American" by gaining weight
D)the sedentary lifestyles that most people in developing countries have

Question 66

What does the text define as a brain chemical that provides a pleasurable feeling and increase well-being?

A)morpheme
B)endorphins
C)adrenaline
D)gonadotropin

Question 67

Which the following are commonly known problems associated with obesity in young adulthood?

A)high blood pressure,diabetes,sleep disorders,and digestive problems
B)eczema,allergies,influenza,and psoriasis
C)hypersomnia,low blood pressure,a rapid heart rate,and jaundice
D)nearsightedness,tachycardia,hypotension,and cardiac arrhythmias

Question 68

What is released by fat cells to signal that the body has had enough to eat and influences BMR?

A)insulin
B)thyroid stimulating hormone
C)dopamine
D)leptin

Question 69

What happens to most people who embrace a strategy to lose weight?

A)They end up gaining that weight back and generally gain more weight.
B)They are likely to keep that excess weight off permanently.
C)They are not likely to ever lose any weight
D)They might lose weight if they are paid to do so.

Question 70

Regular exercise in young adulthood reduces the risk of a variety of illnesses and diseases in middle adulthood,including ____.

A)farsightedness,diabetes,and jaundice
B)diabetes,cardiovascular disease,and several types of cancer
C)nearsightedness,hemophilia,and dementia
D)eczema,psoriasis,and various allergies

Question 71

Aerobic exercise is best described as exercise that ____.

A)feels good and has a calming effect that occurs within 30 seconds
B)triggers a fight or flight response within one minute
C)is conducted with a group of people to rhythmic music
D)triggers a substantial elevation in heart rate for at least 30 minutes

Question 72

Other than reducing body fat,aerobic exercise has also been shown to ____.

A)increase metabolic rate
B)increase hypotension
C)decrease white blood cells
D)decrease levels of serotonin

Question 73

Which of the following is an example of aerobic exercise?

A)playing the piano for 10 minutes
B)playing soccer for 45 minutes
C)playing video games for 60 minutes
D)lifting weights for 20 minutes

Question 74

____ is released by fat cells to signal that the body has had enough to eat,and it also influences basal metabolic rate (BMR).

A)Acetylcholine
B)Serotonin
C)Melatonin
D)Leptin

Question 75

What is related to high blood pressure,diabetes,sleep disorders,and digestive problems?

A)depression
B)poor socioeconomic status
C)obesity
D)low self-esteem

Question 76

Your 29-year-old aunt is obese.She has not been out on a date in a very long time and she is very depressed.What advice should you give her?

A)Being obese has nothing to do with depression.
B)She should try an online dating service.
C)She should join a women's-only group.
D)Obesity is related to depression in young adult women.She would probably feel better if she lost weight.

Question 77

Who has the highest rate of obesity in young adulthood?

A)Native American men
B)African American women
C)Caucasian American men
D)Asian American men

Question 78

What countries have the highest obesity rates?

A)wealthy countries
B)poor countries
C)countries in the northern hemisphere
D)landed-locked countries

Question 79

Which of the following is more likely to be similar in weight?

A)monozygotic twins reared in different environments
B)dizygotic twins reared in the same environment
C)siblings reared in different environments
D)cousins reared in the same environment

Question 80

Jameson has just graduated from college and is starting to look for work.He's just as concerned about gaining weight as he is about being able to find a job.What makes these concerns related?

A)He will probably have to accept a job that will include high levels of manual labor.
B)He is likely to find a job that involves sedentary work.
C)The only jobs available will be in the fast-food industry and he will get free meals.
D)He will be exercising so much that he might overeat because he will be hungrier.