Deck 3: Understanding People at Work: Individual Differences and Perception

Question 1

Instrumental values are end states people desire in life.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Positive affective people are absent from work less often.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Behavior is a function of the person and the situation interacting with each other.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

People who are labeled as high social monitors can experience high levels of stress.

Question 5

When people fit their jobs,they experience higher levels of stress.

Question 6

Applicant-matching software reduces the time required to hire candidates.

Question 7

Family security is a terminal value.

Question 8

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classifies individuals on the basis of types,not traits.

Question 9

Conscientiousness,more than any other personality trait,predicts how successfully a person performs a variety of jobs.

Question 10

High agreeableness is always a personality trait sought in job candidates.

Question 11

There is usually a strong relationship between good person-organization fit and high job performance.

Question 12

Extraverts are happier in their work situations and perform much more effectively than introverts.

Question 13

Value orientations change dramatically as individuals age and mature.

Question 14

One tip to remember when working with people with negative affectivity is that you can change someone's personality with relative ease.

Question 15

A risk-averse individual is generally a poor fit for a high-tech firm in a dynamic environment.

Question 16

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a very effective employee selection tool.

Question 17

People high in openness are more likely to start their own business than those low in openness.

Question 18

Extraverts are always model employees.

Question 19

Person-job fit is positively related to job satisfaction.

Question 20

Behavior may be affected as much by what is expected of us as how we want to behave.

Question 21

Person-organization fit is the

A)degree to which a person's skill,knowledge,abilities and other characteristics match the job demands.
B)degree to which a person likes an organization.
C)degree to which a person's values,personality,goals and other characteristics match those of the organization.
D)degree to which a person's attitude matches the culture of the work group.

Question 22

Individuals with an economic value orientation tend to make more unethical choices.

Question 23

Social monitors are especially good at evaluating the performance of other employees.

Question 24

Proactive people understand the political environment in organizations,so they adjust quickly to new jobs.

Question 25

Sherri is creative,warm and caring.Person-job fit suggests one job she might be particularly effective at is

A)elementary school teacher.
B)accountant.
C)researcher.
D)pharmaceutical sales.

Question 26

Mary said,"I am quite confident in the plan I developed,as I worked quite diligently on it and I have implemented similar programs in similar settings." Mary seems to have high self-efficacy.

Question 27

"It was really nothing.These things happen to me because I happen to be in the right place at the right time." This statement suggests an external locus of control.

Question 28

Research indicates that personality tests are an excellent predictor of performance.

Question 29

If Dan complains about his instructors being boring every time they lecture,he is demonstrating high consistency.

Question 30

Our visual perception is biased because we do not perceive objects in isolation.

Question 31

The interactionist perspective suggests

A)behavior is a function of the person and the situation interacting with each other.
B)behavior is solely a function of the person's personality.
C)behavior is solely a function of the situation.
D)behavior is not predictable and can not be profiled.

Question 32

Jacqueline is a college freshman.She loves to sleep late on weekends and assumes that college students in general prefer to sleep late.Jacqueline is making a false consensus error.

Question 33

Which of the following is true of Evolv's applicant screening software?

A)Applicant profiles are compared to a database of computer-generated profiles of made up people.
B)The software has identified that the ideal customer service employee participates to a great extent in social networking sites.
C)As the database gets larger,the software does a better job of identifying the right people for the job.
D)The software saves time but is accurate only about half of the time.

Question 34

A neat,professional appearance and a firm handshake are two important aspects of an interview because of the lasting impact first impressions make.

Question 35

One of the challenges of using personality tests in employee selection is that the rankings of the candidates who take the test may be affected by their ability to fake.

Question 36

Self-efficacy is the degree to which people have overall positive feelings about themselves.

Question 37

Person-job fit is the

A)degree to which a person's skill,knowledge,abilities and other characteristics match the job demands.
B)degree to which a person likes an organization.
C)degree to which a person's values,personality,goals and other characteristics match those of the organization.
D)degree to which a person's attitude matches the culture of the work group.

Question 38

Evolv's applicant screening software seeks to match applicants to

A)a workgroup where they will fit in.
B)a profile of an "ideal employee".
C)other applicants applying for the same job.
D)a supervisor they will get along with.

Question 39

Research suggests that when we do self-evaluations,our scores are consistently higher than the scores given us by our peers and superiors.This is an example of self-enhancement bias.

Question 40

The USA,as a country,is considered to have high self-esteem.

Question 41

An applicant-matching software program would suggest which of the following personality traits would provide the best person-organization fit with a Wall Street firm?

A)risk aversion
B)risk-taking
C)flexibility
D)stability

Question 42

Findings of person-organization fit studies indicate

A)when people fit their organization,they consistently perform better.
B)when people fit their organization,they are less influential in the firm.
C)when people fit their organization,they tend to leave an organization at about the same rate as those who are organization misfits.
D)when people fit their organization,they are more committed to the organization.

Question 43

People who exhibit the Big 5 personality characteristic of openness would be most likely to work in which of the following firms?

A)an entrepreneurial start-up in the high tech industry
B)a large discount retailer like Wal-Mart
C)a large fast food franchise
D)a small business that makes cardboard boxes

Question 44

__________ is a terminal value.

A)Broad-minded
B)Inner harmony
C)Forgiving
D)Obedient

Question 45

Study findings on personality indicate

A)we are more emotionally stable and more organized between the ages of 20 and 40.
B)personality is the primary predictor of work behavior.
C)although personality impacts us during our youth it has no lasting consequences for us.
D)although it is interesting information,employee personality has relatively little impact on placing individuals in jobs.

Question 46

Values

A)encompass the relatively stable feelings,thoughts,and behavioral patterns a person has.
B)are initial thoughts and perceptions we form about people,which tend to be stable and resilient to contrary information.
C)are generalizations based upon a perceived group characteristic.
D)refer to stable life goals people have,reflecting what is most important to them.

Question 47

Jennifer complains to her friends every Friday night about the stresses and hassles of her job.Each week she tells them she is going to leave her company even though she has been working there for five years.Jennifer is likely to be

A)high in conscientiousness.
B)high in neuroticism.
C)low in agreeableness.
D)high in extraversion.

Question 48

Removing your hat during the playing of The National Anthem in the United States is an example of the value of ________________.

A)benevolence.
B)security.
C)tradition.
D)universalism.

Question 49

__________ is the degree to which a person is anxious,irritable,aggressive and moody.

A)Neuroticism
B)Extraversion
C)Conscientiousness
D)Openness

Question 50

Values change over the generations,evolving in response to historical contexts.Which of the following statements is true regarding values of different generations?

A)Generation Xers (born between 1965 and 1979)are very group-oriented.
B)Generation Xers (born between 1965 and 1979)see work as central in their lives.
C)Generation Xers (born between 1965 and 1979)don't care what they do for work,they just want money.
D)Generation Xers (born between 1965 and 1979)have to see a congruence between personal goals and organizational ones before they work toward company goals.

Question 51

Lauren takes a personality survey and finds she strongly exhibits the trait of agreeableness.She might be described as being

A)organized,punctual,systematic and dependable.
B)nice,tolerant,sensitive and kind.
C)outgoing,talkative,and sociable.
D)curious,creative and original.

Question 52

Which instrumental value is most likely to be prevalent in Wall Street brokers?

A)forgiveness
B)ambition
C)obedience
D)imagination

Question 53

Which of the following statements about values is true?

A)Values impact the individual,but not how they work.
B)Values are not very stable; they change over short periods of time.
C)Values affect the decisions people make,but have little impact on their behavior.
D)Values are the result of accumulation of life experiences.

Question 54

Early experiences are important influences over dominant values.If Sharon was raised by an aunt because her parents had both died when she was ten,she most likely would see what value as central to her life?

A)an exciting life
B)security
C)self-respect
D)forgiveness

Question 55

Choosing a job that offers health care as part of its benefit package over a position that pays more but has no such health care might reflect the job seeker's concern about

A)inner harmony.
B)imaginative.
C)family security.
D)self-respect.

Question 56

According to Rokeach,which of the following is not accurate about values?

A)Values are grouped into terminal and instrumental categories.
B)Values are hierarchically ordered.
C)Values are shaped late in life.
D)Values are relatively stable over time.

Question 57

Research on the interactionist perspective suggests

A)there is a consistent positive relationship between person-organization fit and job performance.
B)if there is a misfit between an individual and the organization,there are no extenuating circumstances that eliminate its impact.
C)organizational culture is equally important to all individuals.
D)people who fit into their organization tend to be more satisfied with their jobs.

Question 58

Which of the following is an instrumental value?

A)clean
B)self-respect
C)family security
D)a world of beauty

Question 59

Maurice is described as "very curious.He has very original thoughts.He is a bright young man with a very creative flair." Maurice exhibits the personality trait of ____________.

A)extraversion.
B)agreeableness.
C)conscientiousness.
D)openness.

Question 60

The relatively stable feelings,thoughts,and behavioral patterns a person has is

A)values.
B)personality.
C)self-esteem.
D)conscientiousness.

Question 61

Which of the following statements about the personality trait agreeableness is accurate?

A)People high in agreeableness tend to exhibit strong aggressive behavior.
B)All occupations look to hire people who are high in agreeableness.
C)People high in agreeableness tend to be less effective at providing constructive criticism.
D)People high in agreeableness have difficulty getting along with others.

Question 62

High social monitors

A)tend to be more successful in their careers.
B)tend to experience lower levels of stress.
C)are very accurate at conducting performance evaluations.
D)are more committed to their companies.

Question 63

To work effectively with an individual with a high level of negative affectivity,

A)recognize that you can change someone's personality if you give feedback.
B)let them vent without limits.
C)ask them for specific examples of what the problem is.
D)challenge them; they are seldom right about anything on which they voice a complaint.

Question 64

All of the following are accurate about those with a proactive personality EXCEPT:

A)they have higher levels of performance in their firms.
B)they adjust to new jobs quickly.
C)they may try to change things others are not willing to let go.
D)they often have difficulty making friends.

Question 65

Self-esteem is

A)the belief that one can perform a specific task successfully.
B)the degree to which a person has overall positive feelings about him or herself.
C)the degree to which people feel accountable for their own behaviors.
D)the inclination to change the status quo.

Question 66

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator,what dimension describes those who would like to have clarity and closure?

A)thinking
B)feeling
C)intuition
D)judgment

Question 67

In the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator,what dimension describes those who derive their energy from inside?

A)intuition
B)perception
C)introversion
D)judgment

Question 68

Which of the following statements regarding the?reworded Big 5 personality traits is true?
Reworded

A)Individuals high in extraversion are model employees.
B)Individuals high in openness seek feedback on what they are doing and thus adjust to their jobs more quickly.
C)Conscientiousness is related to how well employees get along with others.
D)Individuals high in neuroticism tend to be better performers.

Question 69

Negative affective people

A)see "the glass as half full."
B)experience anxiety.
C)are tolerant of others' opinions.
D)have lower rates of absenteeism.

Question 70

Which of the following?reworded is a dimension by which individuals are grouped in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)?
Reworded

A)seeing/hearing
B)organized/disorganized
C)extraversion/intraversion
D)emotional instability

Question 71

Which of the following statements?reworded about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is accurate?
Reworded

A)The original objective of the MBTI was to determine whether World War II veterans would successfully readjust to civilian life after the military.
B)The MBTI relies on types,not traits.
C)The MBTI is a very effective tool to use in making selection decisions.
D)The MBTI classifies people based on observing their behavior.

Question 72

Ned keeps saying to his coach,"I am really concerned that I won't be able to remember the plays when you put me in.Maybe you should play someone else." Ned seems to be demonstrating

A)low openness to experience.
B)low self-monitoring.
C)a proactive personality.
D)low self-efficacy.

Question 73

Across a variety of occupations and jobs,what is the one personality trait that most uniformly predicts how high a person's performance will be?

A)conscientiousness
B)extraversion
C)agreeableness
D)openness

Question 74

Empathy is to agreeableness as sociability is to ______________.

A)neuroticism.
B)conscientiousness.
C)openness.
D)extraversion.

Question 75

Which of the following statements about positive and negative affectivity is correct?

A)Positive affective people see the "glass as half empty".
B)Negative affective people in power tend to find mutually agreeable solutions to problems.
C)Positive affective people experience nervousness.
D)When negative affective people comprise a team,there tends to be less cooperation among members.

Question 76

Individuals with an internal locus of control

A)have an inclination to change the status quo.
B)believe that what happens to them is their own doing.
C)understand what the situation demands and act accordingly.
D)feel that things happen to them because of luck.

Question 77

Which personality characteristic tends to lead to effectiveness in jobs with a lot of opportunities to interact with others?

A)openness
B)conscientiousness.
C)extraversion
D)agreeableness

Question 78

John said,"If I just hadn't had that argument with my girlfriend last night,I wouldn't have been so upset and I would have done much better on my finance exam." John exhibits

A)high internal locus of control.
B)high self-esteem.
C)high self-monitoring.
D)high external locus of control.

Question 79

Self-monitoring is

A)the degree to which a person has overall positive feelings about himself.
B)the extent to which a person is capable of monitoring his/her actions and appearance in social situations.
C)the belief that one can perform a specific task successfully.
D)a person's inclination to fix what is perceived as wrong,change the status quo,and use initiative to solve problems.

Question 80

Which of the following statements is true with regard to research on individual differences?

A)Teams dominated by positive affective people experience higher levels of absenteeism.
B)People with a low openness trait are more likely to start their own business.
C)Agreeable people are less likely to engage in change-oriented communication.
D)Social monitors are rated as lower in performance.