Deck 14: The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Question 1

The following are all major components of the brainstem except the _________.

A) pons
B) medulla oblongata
C) midbrain
D) cerebellum

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The blood-brain barrier (BBB)helps prevent hemorrhages in the nervous tissue of the brain.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The Wernicke area recognizes spoken and written language.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The pons and cerebellum arise from which secondary embryonic vesicle?

A) Telencephalon
B) Diencephalon
C) Mesencephalon
D) Metencephalon
E) Myelencephalon

Question 5

There are three cranial nerves involved in eye movement and two in the sense of taste.

Question 6

Structures in the midbrain control homeostasis and relay sensory signals to specific regions of the cerebral cortex.

Question 7

Both cerebrum and cerebellum have gray matter in their surface cortex and deeper nuclei,and white matter deep to the cortex.

Question 8

The cerebellum is the largest part of the brain.

Question 9

The vision association area resides primarily in the temporal lobe.

Question 10

The blood-CSF barrier is composed of dense regular connective tissue lining the ventricles.

Question 11

The cerebellum exhibits folds called gyri separated by grooves called sulci.

Question 12

The amygdala,hippocampus and hypothalamus are involved in such feelings as love,anger,fear,pleasure,and pain.

Question 13

The medulla oblongata is the most rostral part of the brain.

Question 14

The epidural space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Question 15

The cerebellum is __________ to the cerebrum.

A) superficial
B) deep
C) caudal
D) rostral
E) medial

Question 16

Purkinje cells are unusually large neurons found in the cerebellum.

Question 17

The gray matter of the cerebrum forms a surface layer called the __________ and deeper masses called __________ surrounded by white matter.

A) nuclei;tracts
B) cortex;nuclei
C) cortex;medulla
D) medulla;midbrain
E) medulla;nerves

Question 18

The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated from each other by __________.

A) many sulci
B) many gyri
C) the brainstem
D) the longitudinal fissure
E) the corpus callosum

Question 19

The forebrain consists of the cerebrum and the diencephalon.

Question 20

All cranial nerves lead to structures in the head and neck.

Question 21

In which structure is the arbor vitae found?

A) Left cerebral hemisphere
B) Tegmentum in the midbrain
C) Cerebellum
D) Reticular formation
E) Diencephalon

Question 22

What is the largest part of the hindbrain?

A) Cerebellum
B) Cerebrum
C) Brainstem
D) Pons
E) Hypothalamus

Question 23

Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination would most likely be related to a lesion in which structure?

A) Limbic system
B) Pons
C) Pituitary gland
D) Medulla oblongata
E) Cerebellum

Question 24

From superficial to deep,the meninges occur in which order?

A) Dura mater,pia mater,arachnoid
B) Dura mater,arachnoid,pia mater
C) Pia mater,dura mater,arachnoid
D) Pia mater,arachnoid,dura mater
E) Arachnoid,pia mater,dura mater

Question 25

Which of the following structures appears as a large bulge just rostral to the medulla?

A) Pons
B) Midbrain
C) Cerebellum
D) Medulla oblongata
E) Hypothalamus

Question 26

Nearly all the somatosensory input to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in which region of the brain?

A) Thalamus
B) Hypothalamus
C) Epithalamus
D) Cerebellum
E) Reticular formation

Question 27

The blood-brain barrier (BBB)is most permeable to which of the following?

A) Platelets,white blood cells,and red blood cells
B) Sodium,potassium,and chloride
C) Urea and creatinine
D) Glucose and oxygen
E) Antibiotics

Question 28

Degeneration of the neurons in which of the following structures leads to the muscle tremors associated with Parkinson disease?

A) Cerebral crus
B) Tegmentum
C) Pons
D) Substantia nigra
E) Inferior colliculi

Question 29

The __________ function(s)in visual attention,such as to look and follow the flight of a butterfly.

A) inferior colliculi
B) superior colliculi
C) tegmentum
D) red nucleus
E) substantia nigra

Question 30

Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by choroid plexuses in the __________ ventricles and reabsorbed by arachnoid villi in the __________.

A) lateral,third,and fourth;superior sagittal sinus
B) lateral,and third;superior sagittal sinus
C) lateral,third,and fourth;central canal of the spinal cord
D) lateral;central canal of the spinal cord

Question 31

Which of the following is not associated with the pons?

A) Sensory information from the middle region of the face
B) Sensory information from the inferior region of the face
C) Sensory information from the superior region of the face
D) Lateral eye movements
E) Neck movement

Question 32

There are no cranial nerves associated with which part of the brain?

A) Thalamus
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Midbrain
D) Cerebellum
E) Pons

Question 33

Which of the following is not a function of CSF?

A) To regulate the chemical environment of the nervous tissue
B) To rinse metabolic wastes from the nervous tissue
C) To provide oxygen and nutrients to the nervous tissue
D) To protect the brain from striking the cranium when the head is jolted
E) To allow the brain to attain considerable size without being impaired by its own weight

Question 34

The thalamus,hypothalamus,and epithalamus are derivatives of which embryonic structure?

A) Telencephalon
B) Diencephalon
C) Mesencephalon
D) Metencephalon
E) Myelencephalon

Question 35

The medulla oblongata originates from which structure?

A) Telencephalon
B) Diencephalon
C) Mesencephalon
D) Metencephalon
E) Myelencephalon

Question 36

Where are the cardiac,vasomotor,and respiratory centers found?

A) Medulla oblongata
B) Pons
C) Midbrain
D) Spinal cord
E) Diencephalon

Question 37

A patient is experiencing a high fever,stiff neck,drowsiness,and intense headaches.A spinal tap showed bacteria and white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).This individual most likely has what condition?

A) Parkinson disease
B) Alzheimer disease
C) Meningitis
D) Hydrocephalus
E) A stroke

Question 38

The reticular formation is a web of __________ scattered throughout the __________.

A) nerves;white matter in the cerebrum
B) white matter;cerebellum
C) gray matter;brainstem
D) gray matter;cerebrum
E) neurosomas;hypothalamus

Question 39

Which structures create the blood brain barrier (BBB)?

A) Gap junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
B) Tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
C) Gap and tight junctions between astrocytes and endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
D) Desmosomes and tight junctions between astrocytes and ependymal cells that form the capillary walls
E) Gap junctions between ependymal cells and endothelial cells that form the capillary walls

Question 40

Which structure forms the floor and part of the walls of the third ventricle?

A) Thalamus
B) Hypothalamus
C) Epithalamus
D) Pituitary gland
E) Midbrain

Question 41

The __________ association area is responsible for perceiving and attending to stimuli,and the __________ association area is responsible for identifying them.

A) temporal;parietal
B) temporal;occipital
C) frontal;occipital
D) parietal;temporal
E) occipital;frontal

Question 42

Which of the following functions would most likely be controlled by the representational hemisphere of the cerebrum?

A) Answering this question
B) Diagnosing a patient's disease
C) Balancing your checkbook
D) Giving a speech
E) Painting a picture

Question 43

Destruction of the amygdala would mostly affect which of the following?

A) Memory
B) Awareness of objects
C) Recognition and identification of objects
D) Expression of emotional feelings
E) Cognition

Question 44

Which of the following occurs during rapid eye movement (REM)sleep?

A) The muscles relax,and body temperature,blood pressure,heart rate,and respiratory rate fall.
B) The muscles are very relaxed and body temperature,blood pressure,and heart rate,and respiratory rate are at their lowest levels.
C) The muscles are paralyzed,and body temperature,blood pressure,and heart rate and respiratory rate increase.
D) A person falls into light sleep.
E) A person begins to relax and feels drowsy.

Question 45

A predominance of which waves in an electroencephalogram (EEG)might indicate that a person is physically and mentally relaxed?

A) Alpha
B) Beta
C) Theta
D) Delta
E) Gamma

Question 46

Which lobe is deep to the lateral sulcus and can only be seen by removing some of the overlying cerebrum?

A) Frontal lobe
B) Occipital lobe
C) Parietal lobe
D) Temporal lobe
E) Insula

Question 47

Where are the hippocampus and amygdala found?

A) Medulla oblongata
B) Basal nuclei
C) Limbic system
D) Midbrain
E) Cerebral cortex

Question 48

Planning,motivation,and social judgment are functions of the brain associated with which part of the cerebrum?

A) Frontal lobe
B) Parietal lobe
C) Occipital lobe
D) Insula
E) Temporal lobe

Question 49

The pyramidal cells of the precentral gyrus are called __________ neurons.

A) stellate
B) third-order
C) first-order
D) upper motor
E) lower motor

Question 50

__________ show more lateralization than __________.

A) Adult males;adult females
B) Young children;adults
C) Young children;elders
D) Adult females;adult males
E) Young male children;adult males

Question 51

Sex drive,body temperature,and food and water intake are regulated by which part of the brain?

A) Limbic system
B) Thalamus
C) Pineal gland
D) Hypothalamus
E) Pituitary gland

Question 52

A lesion in which structure would cause a person to have an erratic waking/sleeping cycle?

A) Satiety center
B) Mammillary nucleus
C) Suprachiasmatic nucleus
D) Pituitary gland
E) Medial geniculate nucleus

Question 53

The pineal gland is part of which larger region of the brain?

A) Thalamus
B) Hypothalamus
C) Occipital lobe
D) Midbrain
E) Epithalamus

Question 54

Nonfluent aphasia,due to a lesion in the __________,results in slow speech,difficulty in choosing words,or use of words that only approximate the correct word.

A) primary motor area
B) cerebral lateralization
C) Broca area
D) Wernicke area
E) primary auditory area

Question 55

Which body region is controlled by the largest area of the motor cortex?

A) Shoulder
B) Fingers
C) Toes
D) Trunk
E) Neck

Question 56

Most gray matter of the cerebrum is located in which region?

A) Reticular formation
B) Neocortex
C) Limbic system
D) Basal nuclei
E) Substantia nigra

Question 57

After a stroke,a patient complains about lack of sensitivity in her right hand.The stroke most likely affected which part of the brain?

A) Precentral gyrus in the right frontal lobe
B) Postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe
C) Precentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe
D) Postcentral gyrus in the right temporal lobe
E) Postcentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe

Question 58

Which of the following is correct regarding the occipital lobe?

A) It is chiefly concerned with mood,memory,and emotions.
B) It is the principal visual center of the brain.
C) It is the primary site for receiving and interpreting signals from the general senses.
D) It is concerned with voluntary motor functions.
E) It is likely to play a role in understanding spoken language.

Question 59

The great majority of which tracts pass through the corpus callosum?

A) Ascending
B) Descending
C) Projection
D) Commissural
E) Association

Question 60

Short-term memory is associated with the __________,whereas long-term memory is associated with the __________.

A) cerebral cortex;hippocampus
B) hippocampus;cerebral cortex
C) cerebral cortex;amygdala
D) amygdala;hippocampus
E) hippocampus;midbrain

Question 61

In the cerebral cortex,which cells process information on a local level?

A) Stellate
B) Pyramidal
C) Purkinje
D) Ependymal

Question 62

The neocortex contains which of the following cells?

A) Pyramidal and stellate cells
B) Pyramidal and Purkinje cells
C) Purkinje and stellate cells
D) Pyramidal,stellate,and Purkinje cells

Question 63

Injury to the reticular formation can result in which of the following?

A) Irreversible coma
B) Hypertension
C) Parkinson disease
D) Alzheimer disease

Question 64

What is the largest of the cranial nerves and the most important sensory nerve of the face?

A) Accessory nerve (XI)
B) Facial nerve (VII)
C) Trigeminal nerve (V)
D) Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
E) Abducens nerve (VI)

Question 65

Why is 90% of the cerebral cortex referred to as the neocortex?

A) It developed recently evolutionarily when mammals diversified.
B) It is only found in humans.
C) It is last to develop in the fetus and is thus the youngest part of the brain.
D) It has the ability to regenerate the outermost three of its six layers.

Question 66

Which cranial nerve pathway would be used to look cross-eyed at the tip of your nose?

A) Trochlear nerve (IV)
B) Oculomotor nerve (III)
C) Abducens nerve (VI)
D) Facial nerve (VII)
E) Vagus nerve (X)

Question 67

Exhausted from studying all night,you briefly close your eyes and your mind starts to wander.Which brain waves would be most predominant in an EEG?

A) Alpha
B) Beta
C) Delta
D) Theta

Question 68

Which cranial nerve innervates most of the viscera in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

A) Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
B) Accessory nerve (XI)
C) Trochlear nerve (IV)
D) Abducens nerve (VI)
E) Vagus nerve (X)

Question 69

Which of the following cranial nerves is mispaired?

A) Abducens - V
B) Oculomotor - III
C) Facial - VII
D) Accessory - XI

Question 70

Your dentist gives you an injection of anesthetic in preparation for a filling.Which cranial nerve did they target?

A) V
B) VII
C) IX
D) XII

Question 71

If the cerebrum was no longer able to communicate with the midbrain,what type of tract would you suspect has been damaged?

A) Projection
B) Association
C) Commisural
D) Ascending

Question 72

Which of the following pairings of brain wave names and descriptions is paired correctly?

A) Delta Waves - predominance of these may indicate serious brain damage in an adult.
B) Beta waves - predominance of these may indicate emotional stress.
C) Alpha waves - are greatest during sensory stimulation.
D) Theta waves - absent during deep sleep.

Question 73

Which of the following structures does not contain CSF?

A) Dural sinus
B) Lateral ventricle
C) Central canal
D) Subarachnoid space

Question 74

Which of the following is not a motor cranial nerve?

A) Trochlear nerve (IV)
B) Abducens nerve (VI)
C) Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
D) Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
E) Accessory nerve (XI)